Effects of Exogenous Nitrogen Addition on Nitric Oxide Emission from Mangrove Wetland Soils

一氧化氮（nitricoxide，NO）是大气污染物的主要成分之一，也是氮（nitrogen，N）生物地球化学循环中的重要组成部分。由于河口湿地具有高水平的N输入，导致红树林湿地具有较高的NO释放潜力。为了探究外源N输入对红树林湿地土壤NO释放的影响，本研究运用化学发光分析法测定了白骨壤和秋茄样地土壤的NO释放速率及其对补N的不同响应，并通过分析土壤无机N含量、净硝化速率、土壤酶活性及微生物丰度等，比较研究两样地NO释放差异的原因，结果表明： 1、白骨壤样地土壤的NO释放速率显著高于秋茄样地土壤，两样地土壤NO释放量速率分别是90.01nmolKg-1FWh-1和20.67nmolKg-1F...Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the major components of air pollutants as well as an important part of nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycle. Because of the high level of N input, mangrove wetland have high potentials of NO emission. In order to explore the effect of exogenous N addition on NO emission in mangrove wetland, we analyzed the NO emission fluxes from Avicenna marina and Kandelia obvata mangrov...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院_植物学学号：2162011115250

Power Allocation Algorithm Minimizing Outage Probability in Cognitive Radio Relay Network

为提升认知无线中继网络的中断性能,通过分析系统中断概率及用户功率分配情况,提出一种最小化中断概率的功率分配算法。给出在主用户干扰约束和总功率约束; 条件下最小化中断概率的数学优化方程组,根据用户的最大发射功率与干扰电平阈值的受限关系,分别考虑分配功率不超过干扰电平阈值、中继节点功率受限于干扰; 电平阈值以及所有节点受限于干扰电平阈值这3种情况,对应提出3种最佳功率分配方案,并基于KKT条件求解最优值。实验结果表明,该功率分配算法与基于频; 谱共享以及基于机会主义中继选择的中断概率分析方法相比,性能增益提升显著,并且在总功率、干扰电平变化的条件下,所采用的功率分配方案提升系统中断性能; 效果较好。To improve the outage performance of cognitive radio relay network,this; paper proposes a power allocation algorithm minimizing outage; probability by analyzing the system outage probability and user power; allocation conditions. It presents the mathematical optimization; equations minimizing outage probability of under master user; interference constraint and total power constraint. Then, according to; the relationship between the user's maximum transmit power and; interference level threshold,it proposes three optimal power allocation; schemes respectively to deal with three types of cases,including the; distribution of power not exceeding the interference level threshold,the; relay node power limited by the interference level threshold,and all; nodes limited by the interference level threshold. Finally,the optimal; value is solved based on Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT) conditions.; Experimental results show that compared with similar power allocation; methods,the proposed algorithm has obvious performance gain promotion.; And the effectiveness of the adopted power allocation schemes is proved; the most effective in enhancing the system outage performance when the; total power or the interference level is changing.国家自然科学基金; 闽南师范大学教学研究基

D-loop Sequence Variation of Mitochondrial DNA in Captive Chinese Alligator

扬子鳄 (Alligatorsinensis)是中国特有的珍稀爬行动物 ,至 2 0 0 0年 ,野生扬子鳄的个体数已不足 15 0条 ,作为保护这一物种的措施之一 ,先后于 80年代初建起了 2个养殖场 ,现人工繁殖的扬子鳄总数已达 90 0 0余条。为揭示扬子鳄种群遗传多样性 ,从两个饲养种群中采集了 42个个体的样品 ,其中宣州样品 33个 (XZSP) ,长兴样品 9个(CXSP) ,用PCR方法扩增mtDNA控制区 ,扩增产物纯化后直接用ABI 310全自动遗传分析仪荧光标记测序 ,得到其中 39个个体的mtDNA控制区 5′端 46 2bp的序列。经比对发现 ,39个个体间的 5′端mtDNA控制区没有任何变异位点 ,共享一种单元型 ,提示扬子鳄饲养种群的遗传多样性非常贫乏 ,造成这一结果的主要原因是近 5 0年来 ,扬子鳄种群衰退和数量迅速减少导致的遗传多样性丢失 ,其次是人工繁殖的群体同时受到始创者数量较少产生的瓶颈效应影响。针对扬子鳄遗传多样性的现状 ,作者最后就这一濒危动物遗传多样性的保护对策提出 3点建议。Chinese alligator,Alligator sinensis,is a critically endangered endemic species under legislative protection in China.Result of recent investigations revealed that number of the alligators was continuously declining in the past 50 years and less than 150 individuals were surviving in the wild until 2000 years.In order to prevent the extinguishing of this species,two breeding farms were set up in early 1980s at Xuanzhou county,Anhui Province and Changxing County, Zhejiang Province respectively.After twenty years of breeding efforts,the number of captive individuals has been brought up to more than 9 000 in total, forming two separate captive subpopulations,Xuanzhou subpopulation (XZSP) and Changxing subpopulation (CXSP).Because of lack of the information regarding genetic diversity of the captive populations, 42 captive individuals including 33 individuals from XZSP and 9 from CXSP were sampled randomly to investigate their genetic status for the strategy in the next protection action.PCR method was adopted for amplification of mitochodrial DNA control region using primers designed in this research.After purification of PCR products,all of amplicons were sequenced directly with ABI BigDye TM Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit and ABI 310 genetic analyzer.Consequently, 5′end of control region with length of 462 base pair was obtained from 39 samples.Sequence alignment shows there is no any variation site in this range of control region among the individuals assayed here, namely only one haplotype of the region shared by these alligators.This result strongly indicates that the population of captive Chinese alligator is in very poor genetic diversity status.Reasons for the losing of genetic diversity in the population are mainly attributed to population depression and number of individual decreasing sharply in the past 50 years.Another factor accounting for the phenomena is the limit of founder number of captive population.Finally,authors proposed three pieces of advice for the genetic conservation of Chinese alligator.教育部骨干教师资助计划项目 (GG -180 - 2 10 0 2 40 3 -1740 );; 江苏省“333工程”人才培养基金资助~

Review of studies on the validation of surface currents measured by high-frequency radar

本文对高频地波雷达发展与应用过程中海流的对比验证研究进行了回顾与总结。不同的验证研究采用的对比设备与验证方法有所不同,但都通过海上同步观测对雷达反演的海流进行对比,经统计分析评估二者之间海流观测的差异。这些研究表明,地波雷达反演的海流流速和对比观测的均方差水平在10—20CM·S-1之间,主要来源是对比所用仪器与雷达观测目标之间的差异,仪器和雷达海流的测量误差。In this paper,we reviewed the studies on the validation of surface currents measured by high-frequency(HF) radar in terms of instrument development and application.We compared the HF radar current measurement with the conventional in-situ observations,and made statistic analysis to assess the difference between them.The validation errors of HF radar current data are about 10-20 cm·s-1.The sources of these errors are the inherent differences between the physical character of the measuring target and the observation errors of the conventional instrument and the HF radar.国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2009009、2009066); 国家自然科学基金项目(40906052

Effects of Hot Filtration on Yield and Quality of Bio-oil from Fast Pyrolysis of Chinese Fir in Fluidized Bed Reactor

在1 kg/H的小型鼓泡流化床热解反应装置中增设一热过滤装置,对杉木快速热解制取生物油进行了研究,考察了热过滤装置对生物油产率和品质的影响。结果表明:热解油(未经热过滤)和过滤油(经过热过滤)的产率随热解温度的升高先上升后下降,并都在475℃时达到最大值,分别为58.1%和50.7%。热过滤装置的引入降低了生物油的产率(下降5%~10%),且热解温度越高,过滤油产率下降越明显。相比于热解油Ⅰ,过滤油Ⅰ的含水率从13.77%增加到15.83%,P H值从2.18上升到2.23,热值由20.47 MJ/kg降低到19.53 MJ/kg,但固体含量、碱金属和碱土金属均有显著下降,总体下降约75%,减少了生物油中自聚反应的发生。在老化实验过程中,过滤油Ⅰ的含水率、黏度分别增加了10.2%和57.6%,但较热解油Ⅰ变化幅度小;通过gC-MS分析其组成变化,发现过滤油Ⅰ中各组分含量变化幅度较热解油Ⅰ小,表明热过滤使其中不利反应的发生得到了抑制,稳定性较好,显示出热过滤装置对生物油品质提升的良好促进作用,有利于生物油的储存、运输和使用。A hot filter was added to a 1 kg / h bench-scale continuous bubbling fluidized bed system for the fast pyrolysis of Chinese fir to get bio-oils.The effects of hot filter on the yield and stability of bio-oils were studied.The results indicated that both the yields of pyrolysis oil( without hot filtration) and filtered oil( after hot filtration) increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature,and decreased after 475 ℃,at which the maximum yields were 58.1% and 50.7%,respectively.The addition of hot filter resulted in lower oil yield( approximate 5%- 10% decrease),which became worse when pyrolysis temperature increased.Compared to the pyrolysis-oil Ⅰ,the water content of filtered-oil Ⅰ increased from 13.77% to 15.83%,p H value increased from2.18 to 2.23,and high-heating value decreased from 20.47 MJ / kg to 19.53 MJ / kg.However,it also showed significant reduction in solids contents,alkali and alkaline earth metals,and the overall decline was about 75%,which suppressed the happening of self-polymerization in bio-oils.During the aging tests,water content and kinematic viscosity of filtered-oil Ⅰ increased by 10.2%and 57.6%,but the fluctuation was less than that of pyrolysis-oil Ⅰ.GC / MS analysis of the bio-oils showed that less fluctuation in composition was observed in the filtered-oil Ⅰ.This indicated a positive impact of the hot filter on the quality of bio-oil.国家“973”资助项目子课题(2012CB215306

Detection of biodegradation of pyrene by synchronous fluorometry

[中文文摘]采用同步荧光法研究矿物盐介质中溶解态芘的生物降解速率.所建方法对溶解态芘的检测限为0.19ng/mL,相对标准偏差小于1.3%(n=9).在相同的实验条件下,用所建方法考察了3种不同芘的降解菌株对溶解态芘的降解能力.结果表明,该方法最大的特点是在不经萃取的情况下可直接用于溶解态芘的降解过程的检测,所得结果与GC/FID的实验结果一致.与现行的GC法相比较,该方法每一次检测的时间小于1min,仪器及运行成本很低.如果能与现行的研究方法相结合,该方法的建立可为在实验室或现场研究PAHs的生物降解及衰减提供一有力的研究手段.[英文文摘]The synchronous fluorometry has been adopted to study the biodegradation rate of pyrene dissolved in mineralsalts media (MSM). The limit of detection is calculated as 0.19ng/mL for the dissolved pyrene with the relative standard deviation less than 1.3% (n=9). The capability of three kinds of pyrene degrading strains has been investigated by the established method under same experimental condition. The results show that greatest feature of the process is its capability to detect directly without extraction.The result obtained is identical with the result of GC/FID experiment. Compared with the GC methods used currently, this method has its detecting time less than 1 min, and the cost of instruments and operation is quite low. If the established method are combined with other methods, powerful tools might be obtained to study the biodegradation and the fate of PAHs in laboratory or in field.国家自然科学基金资助项目(29977016); 教育部重点资助项目(99180); 韩国KISTP项目

Effect of Flue-gas Cleaning Devices on Mercury Emission From Coal-fired Boiler

为研究燃煤锅炉烟气净化设施对汞排放特性的影响,采用Ontario-Hydro方法,对设有催化脱硝、静电除尘、海水脱硫的300MW燃煤锅炉排放烟气中汞的含量与形态进行分析,同时测定锅炉的煤、底渣、飞灰等固体样品以及脱硫塔前后、曝气之后海水样品中的汞含量。实验结果为:烟气中的气态汞占总汞的79.1%以上,脱硝催化剂对汞的价态具有强烈的转化作用,烟气中83.4%的气态Hg0被氧化成气态Hg2+;静电除尘对颗粒态汞的去除率几乎达到100%;在脱硫塔中,海水对烟气中汞的洗脱率高达73.6%,曝气后排放前的海水中含汞量是新鲜海水的5.5倍。研究表明锅炉烟气净化设施对汞的排放特性有着重要的影响。In order to study the effect of flue-gas cleaning devices on mercury emission from coal-fired boiler, Ontario-Hydro method had been applied to determine the mercury concentration and speciation in the flue-gas emitted from a 300MW coal-fired boiler, which was equipped with various pollution control devices, including selective catalyst reduction (SCR) De-NOx system, electrostatic precipitator (ESP), and flue-gas seawater De-SO2 system (FGD). Mercury concentration in raw coal, bottom ash and fly ash of the boiler, seawater at the inlet and outlet of SO2 absorption reactor and the drainage of aeration sink, were also analyzed. The results indicate that the percentage of gaseous mercury in total mercury discharged is more than 79.1%. De-NOx catalyst strongly affects the mercury speciation transformation, showing a conversion rate of 83.4% for Hg0 to Hg2+. The removal efficiency of particulate mercury by ESP is close to 100%. With seawater FGD, the removal efficiency of mercury is as high as 73.6%. The mercury concentration in the seawater of drainage from aeration sink is 5.5 times higher than that in fresh seawater. The study shows that the flue-gas cleaning devices in coal-fired power plant play an important role on mercury emission characterization

On the Fiduciary Duty of the Bank to their client on the British Law and the Use for Reference for Our Country

文章围绕商业信用这一概念探讨了英国法上银行对客户的信托义务这一制度的相关内容及对我国的借鉴意义。其中系统介绍了英国法上银行对客户信托义务的一系列内容,分析了现时情况下我国引入这一制度的必要性和重要意义,以及这一制度对我国的立法、司法及商业银行自身的借鉴意义。笔者对我国如何引入商业银行对客户的信托义务这一制度提出了一些初步的想法。Fiduciary is the outcome of the equity on the British law.It takes credit as the core,has the characteristics,such as realizing justice and balancing benefits...etc.,and plays an important role in many realms of the British social activities.This text probes into the system which is about fiduciary duty of the banks to their client on the British law mainly around the business credit,and its reference significance to China.This test introduces the contents of the banks' fiduciary duty to the clients on the British law in a sistematic way,analyzes the necessity and significance of introducing this system into our country at present,points out the reference significance of the system for our country's lawmaking,judicatory and the commercial bank itself.The author brings forward some tentative viewpoints about how our country introduces this system of the banks' fiduciary duty to the clients

On the Study of the Basic Principle of the Financial Regulation Law

金融监管法的原则是整个金融监管活动的指导思想和出发点,是金融监管法律的灵魂和基本精神所在,它具有弥补成文法缺陷的功能。我国学界尚未对金融监管法的原则形成统一的认识,深入的探讨亦不多。依法监管、公平与公正监管、适度监管、高效监管四原则集中反映了金融监管关系对法律的调整和规范的要求,科学地抽象和概括了金融监管法的基本精神和共同本质,共同构成了金融监管法的原则体系。The principle of the financial regulation law is the guiding ideology and the jumping-off place of the financial regulation activity.It is the soul and essential spirit and has the function of making up the statute law's lacunas.The academy of our country doesn't yet form the accordant viewpoint to the principle of the financial regulation law,and the in-depth research isn't much.Those which include the principle of legal regulation,the principle of the equitable and just regulation,the principle of moderate regulation,and the principle of the high efficiency regulation reflect centrally the requirements of the financial regulation relation to the law's adjustment and regulation,and generalize scientifically the basic spirit and common essence of the financial regulation law.They compose the system of the principle of the financial regulation law