梯度纳米结构金属材料力学性能和加工硬化研究

通过准静态拉伸实验和循环应力松弛实验,同时结合微观表征,探究梯度纳米结构的力学性能,可动位错交互作用机制以及相应的加工硬化行为。该工作可为提升超细晶金属均匀拉伸伸长率提供方法,并对梯度结构同时提升强度和塑性的应用提供理论依据

不信任研究脉络梳理与未来展望

不信任是指个体基于对他人缺乏能力、善意或不负责任的预期而保护自己不受伤害的状态。随着不信任作为一个独立的概念从信任中分离出来,不信任逐渐成为学者们研究的另一热点问题。本文从不信任的概念演进,不信任的类型、维度及作用机理,不信任的影响因素以及不信任的影响效应等方面对现有不信任研究成果进行了评介,并在分析现有研究不足的基础上指出了未来的相关研究方向

Control Method of Micro-Manipulation System for Fast Precision Probe Positioning

为了快速、精确定位操作细胞的探针,利用视觉空间的特征运动误差对视觉空间与机械手空间的映射矩阵进行校正,研究了局部视觉空间重复校正方法以及误差趋近极小值的最小二乘全局校正方法.为了减小随机噪声对精度的影响,用校正后的映射矩阵替换卡尔曼滤波器状态方程中的输入系数矩阵,利用卡尔曼滤波器估计方程控制特征运动.通过实验求取映射矩阵校正后的特征运动误差,由于取点有限以及影响精度的参数较多,经过重复校正使误差趋近极小值.应用最小二乘全局校正方法,可使特征运动误差控制在5个像素范围内.采用全局校正后的映射矩阵替换卡尔曼滤波器状态方程中的输入系数矩阵,并用卡尔曼滤波器控制特征运动,可使特征运动误差控制在1个像素范围内.系统校正后,当探针跟踪孔直径为100μM、相邻孔间距为400μM的孔阵列时,跟踪10个孔的时间为14 S.In order to position the probe that operates cells fast and precisely,the movement error of characteristic point in vision space was used to revise mapping matrix of vision space and manipulator space.Repeat revision method based on local vision space and the least squares method based on global revision which can make errors approach the minimum were researched.In order to reduce the influence of random noise on precision,the input coefficient matrix of state equation of Kalman filter was replaced by the revised matrix,and the movements of characteristic points were controlled by the estimate equation of Kalman filter.Through the experiments,the movement errors of characteristic points after revising were obtained.In addition,to make errors approach the minimum,repeat revision was needed due to limited points and too many parameters which influence precision.The movement errors of characteristic points were controlled within 5 pixel if the least squares method based on global revision was used.When the input coefficient of state equation of Kalman filter was replaced by the revised matrix and the movements of characteristic points were controlled by the Kalman filter,the movement error can be controlled within one pixel.After revising,the time spent on tracking 10 holes of array is 14 s when the diameter is 100 μm and distance between holes is 400 μm.国家自然科学基金资助项目(50875222);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2009J01265

Vision based automatic assembly of rotor leads for micro-motors

将转子线圈的线头焊接到焊盘上是微马达制造的重要工序,由于操作对象的特殊性,线头焊接全部采用人工在显微镜下操作完成,人工焊接成本高、效率低、产品一致性差。针对这些问题,提出了一种基于视觉的微马达转子导线自动焊接方法,利用视觉自适应调整微马达的位姿。另外,采用气流定位法对转子导线进行定位,并分析了因位置和姿态调整产生耦合而造成的误差,提出了解决方案。实验结果表明,利用气流可以对导线进行精确定位,基于视觉控制的位置与姿态调整精度分别可以达到10μM和1°。In the manufacture of micro-motor,it is an important working procedure to weld the head of coil onto the bonding pad.Due to the particularity of the objects,all the welding working,in present,are completed by human labor under microscope,leading to high cost,low efficiency and poor consistence.Aiming at these problems,a technique about vision based automatic welding was presented,that is,adjusting the position and posture of motor using vision automatically.In addition,the head of coil was positioned by the use of airflow and the error made by the interference between adjustment of position and posture was analyzed and the solution was given finally.The results indicate that the head of coil can be positioned well by airflow and the precision of adjustment of position and posture using vision control reach 10 μm and 1° respectively

Integrating Automatic Bio-manipulation Algorithm Theory with Software

在生命科学研究中,生物操作主要存在操作者训练时间长、操作成功率和效率低、操作缺乏一致性和重复性等问题,自动化生物操作可以解决这些问题。将多个商用设备集成在一起,利用视觉系统与机械手系统的映射矩阵建立误差校正方程,采用局部递归和全局优化标定的方法减小目标点的定位误差。在此基础上,利用卡尔曼滤波器建立系统控制方程,控制操作探针精确定位。最后,用程序实现了算法理论,并将该算法与其他设备驱动模块集成在一起,建立了柔性的、用户界面友好的软件系统。实验结果表明:建立的算法理论和软件系统,可以自动控制操作探针精确运动,运动精度在1个像素范围内。For the study of life sciences,bio-manipulation faces such challenges as long time for operator training,low success rate,low efficiency,operation inconsistency and repetition.We believe that automatic bio-manipulation can solve these challenges.We integrate several commercial devices and use the matrix that maps the visual system with the robotic system to derive the error correction equation.We also use the local recurrence and global optimization calibration method to reduce the target point′s positioning error.On this basis,using the Kalman filter,we establish the systems′ control equations to control the precise positioning of the bio-manipulation probe.Finally,we implement the algorithm theory and integrate the algorithm with the drive modules of other devices,thus establishing a flexible and user-friendly software system.The experimental results show that the algorithm theory and software systems thus integrated can automatically control the probe′s accurate motion,the motion accuracy being within one pixel.国家自然科学基金项目(50875222);福建省自然科学基金项目(2009J01265)资

数字微流控技术及其在生物分析中的应用

数字微流控技术是一种基于微电极阵列来实现离散液滴精确控制的新型液滴操纵技术。这种基于介电润湿现象实现的液滴电操纵体系,相比于传统微流控芯片具有自动化、可寻址、可动态配置、易集成等特点。该文介绍了数字微流控技术液滴驱动原理,总结了芯片的结构和常用的制作方法,举例阐述了现阶段该技术在生物分析化学领域的应用,并对其应用前景做了展望。国家自然科学基金资助项目(21735004,21435004,21775128,21705024,21521004);;长江学者和创新研究团队项目(IRT13036

Developments and Applications of Paper-based Microfluidics

纸芯片微流控技术是一种新型微流控技术。相比于以玻璃、石英、高聚物等为基底的传统微流控芯片,纸芯片具有成本低、易操作、可携带、耗样量小等优点。该文介绍了纸芯片的发展及常用的制作方法,并举例说明了光度法、荧光法、化学发光及电化学发光法和电化学法在纸芯片检测中的应用;归纳了纸芯片技术在临床诊断、环境监控以及食品安全分析等方面的应用;最后对纸芯片微流控的应用前景进行了展望。Paper-based microfluidics stand out as a new class of microfluidic technology,and present distinguishing features such as low cost,ease of use,portability,and low reagent consumption compared with the conventional microfluidic devices.In this paper,the development of μPADs was first introduced,and the common fabrication techniques were presented.Then the methods for quantitative analysis on μPADs were summarized including colorimetry,fluorescence,chemiluminescence,electrochemiluminescence and electrochemistry with their applications in clinical diagnostics,environmental monitoring as well as food quality control.Finally,the potential and future outlooks ofμPADs were discussed.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB732402;2013CB933703); 国家自然科学基金项目(91313302;21205100;21275122); 国家杰出青年科学基金项目(21325522

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

异构金属材料专刊前言

异构金属材料概念的提出迄今不到十年。异构是指一种微结构，其标志性特征是组织结构包括晶粒、晶体缺陷、相组成等，在三维空间的跨尺度多层级有序构筑，这或多或少地是从竹子和贝壳等自然界具有优异综合强韧性能的生物材料中得到了启发

Heterostructured Materials：Novel Materials with Unprecedented Mechanical Properties

Heterostructured materials represent an emerging class of materials that are expected to become a major research field for the communities of materials, mechanics and physics in the next few years. One of the biggest advantages of HS materials is that they can be produced by large-scale industrial facilities and technologies, and therefore can be commercialized without the scaling up and high cost barriers that are often encountered by other advanced materials. This book collects recent papers on the progress in the field of HS materials, especially their fundamental physics. The papers are arranged in a sequence of chapters that will help new researchers entering the field to have a quick and comprehensive understanding of HS materials, including the fundamentals and recent progress in their processing, characterization, and properties.</p