麻疹発疹部の皮膚病変に関する研究 II. 発疹部皮膚の電子顕微鏡的研究

Electron microscopic observations were made on biopsied skins taken from the pre-eruptive stage till the 7th eruptive day of measles patients. In the epidermis, no viral microtubules could be detected throughout all stages as far as observed. In some instances on the 3rd eruptive day, multinucleated syncytial cells were observed in the upper portion of the epidermis, but viral microtubules could not be observed within these cells. The measlesvirus is probably effected by the “fusion factor”in the process of forming these syncytial cells, however, it seems unlikely that active virus synthesis occurs in the epidermal cells. The factor that mediates the appearance of eruption primarily is probably the vascular damage caused by virus infection. Interwoven reticular structures of about 20mμ in width were observed within the cytoplasm of the capillary endothelium from the pre-eruptive stage till the 2nd day of eruption. Possible interrelations between these structures and viral infection were discussed

麻疹発疹部の皮膚病変に関する研究 Ｉ. 感染培養細胞による予備実験および発疹部皮膚の光顕的,螢光抗体法所見

The skin lesions of measles were studied under light microscopy and the fluorescent antibody technique. A preliminary experiment using infected VERO cells was carried out to determine the effect of measles virus infection on the infected cells. 1) Typical multinucleated giant cells with intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions were found in the infected cell lines at intervals of 72 and 96 hours after infection. Specific viral antigen was detected only in the cytoplasmic inclusions. In these cytoplasmic portions, filamentous structures of about 30 mμ in width, were observed by electron microscopy. Filamentous structures of about 15 mμ in width were found in the portions of nuclear inclusions, however, no specific fluorescence could be detected in the nucleus. 2) Since no specific viral antigen could be found in the epidermis throughout all eruptive stages by the fluorescent antibody technique, it seemed to be unlikely that measles eruption was caused by the direct effect of viral synthesis in the epidermis. 3) Multinucleated syncytial cells were observed in some instances in the upper portions of the epidermis, but typical inclusions were not seen in any instance of these cells. The genesis of syncytial cell formation was discussed. 4) Other principal changes appearing in the eruptions were summarized as follows ; dermal and epidermal edema with mononuclear cell infiltration, hyperkeratosis with focal parakeratosis and dyskeratosis. In some instances, small focal vesicle formation in the epidermis was observed. 5) Typical inclusions, such as observed in infected VERO cells, were not seen in the eruptive skin throughout all stages

Finite Elements for Three-Dimensional Potential Problen Analysis

Three dimensional FEM analysis has some problems in practical application because of complecated element division and large number of node and element data involved. It still should be payed attention to save computing time by considering proper element idealization and minimizing the number of nodal points, though some specific program such as automatic data input program has already been prepared for actual computation. This paper discusses practical application of three-dimensional finite elements in the analysis of field problems. Simple tetrahedral elements may be convenient if they are assembled as eight-cornered brick elements. Average element stiffness matrix is employed in this case, dividing brick elements in two different ways. Isoparametric triangular prizm element is also introduced here as another useful element and the process of the formulation of element stiffness matrix is presented