Decomposition of Cartan matrix and conjectures on Brauer character degrees

设g为有限群,n是g的正规子群.记J=J(f[n])为f[n]的JACObSOn根,I=Ann(J)={α∈f[g]|Jα=0}为J在f[g]中的零化子.本文主要研究了,根据f[g/n]和f[g]/I的CArTAn矩阵,分解f[g]的CArTAn矩阵.这种分解在CArTAn不变量和g的合成因子之间建立了一些联系.本文指出n中P-亏零块的存在性依赖于CArTAn不变量或者I在f[g]中的性质,证明了CArTAn矩阵的分解部分地依赖于b所覆盖的n中的块的性质.本文研究了b为n上的块且l(b)=1时,覆盖b的g中的块b的性质.在两类情形下,本文证明了块代数上关于brAuEr特征标次数的猜想成立,涵盖了HOlM和WIllEMS研究的某些情形.进而对HOlM和WIllEMS提出的问题给出了肯定的回答.另外,本文还给出了CArTAn不变量的一些其它结果.Let G be a finite group and N a normal subgroup of G.We denote by J = J(F [N]) the Jacobson radical of F [N] and by I = Ann(J) = {α ∈ F [G]|Jα = 0} the annihilator of J in F [G].In this paper, we study the decomposition of Cartan matrix of F [G] in terms of that of F [G/N] and F [G]/I.This decomposition establishes some connections between Cartan invariants and chief composition factors of G.We will prove that existing zero-defect p-blocks in N depend on the properties of I in F [G] or Cartan invariants.We shall demonstrate that the decomposition of Cartan matrix partly depends on properties of blocks in N covered by B.We are mainly concerned with the block B of G which covers a block b of N with l(b) = 1.In two cases, we will prove that the conjectures on Brauer character degrees hold for the block algebras, covering some cases studied by Holm and Willems.Furthermore we give an affirmative answer to the question raised by Holm and Willems in our cases.Some other results about Cartan invariants are presented here

软光刻法制备具有表面微结构的角蛋白膜

近年来,使用微纳米制造工艺将蛋白质或多肽进行高精度空间图案化,推动了细胞生物学、组织工程学、药物科学等领域的发展.同时,羊毛角蛋白作为一种储量大的天然生物蛋白质,具有优异的水溶性、良好的生物相容性和可控的降解性,但羊毛角蛋白通常不能自组装形成凝胶网络或其他不溶形式,因此,使用羊毛角蛋白制备如纤维、薄膜、凝胶等的成型结构存在很大困难.本工作通过使用化学修饰的方法,在角蛋白上接枝功能基团,使角蛋白获得光敏感性,探究了共价交联法制备具有表面微结构角蛋白膜的可行性.并用3D激光扫描显微镜、紫外可见近红外光谱仪和傅里叶变换显微红外光谱仪对薄膜结构进行了表征.结果表明,使用软光刻法可以得到表面微结构完整度很高的角蛋白膜.本工作对羊毛角蛋白共价交联法进行了实验探索,实验结果不仅为人们提供了一种软光刻技术制备具有表面微结构的角蛋白膜的方法,而且为羊毛角蛋白制备成型结构提供了新的途径.国家自然科学基金(Nos.21771150,21401154,U1405226)111计划(No.B16029)广东省自然科学基金(No.2014A030310005)中央高校基本业务费(No.20720170011)资助~

Development of New Coatings for Solid Phase Microextraction

作为一种样品前处理方法的固相微萃取(SOlId PHASE MICrOEXTrACTIOn,SPME)技术,具有操作方便、快速、灵敏和无需大量有机溶剂的优点,因此在分离分析方面得到了广泛的应用。涂层是SPME技术的核心部分,其性能决定了SPME的性能和应用范围,因此发展新型涂层一直是SPME研究和应用工作的重点。近年来随着涂层材料制备技术的发展,出现了一些新型涂层。这些新型涂层的出现进一步拓宽了SPME技术的应用范围。本文综述了近三年来SPME涂层的研究进展,并着重介绍新型涂层的制备方法和性质。As a kind of sampling preparation method,solid phase microextraction (SPME) has many advantages such as simplicity,versatility,sensitivity and solvent free.It has gained widespread acceptance in separation and analysis.As the key factor of the SPME technique,coatings on SPME fiber determine the performance and application of SPME technique.Consequently,developing new coatings is the most important work for SPME.With the development of preparation methods of SPME coatings,many new coatings have appeared in recent years,and these new coatings expand the application fields of SPME technique.This review summaries the development of new SPME coatings in the past three years,and mainly focuses on the preparation methods and properties of new SPME coatings.福建省科技重点项目(No.2007Y0032)资

NMR Studies on Interactions between Diperoxovanadate and Imidazole-like Ligands

为探讨咪唑环上取代基团对反应平衡的影响,在模拟生理条件(0.15 mol·L~(-1)NaCl溶液)下,应用多核(~1H、~(13)C和~(51)V)、扩散排序谱(DOSY)以及变温NMR等谱学技术研究双过氧钒配合物NH_4[OV(O_2)_2{2-(2'-Pyri-dine)- [midazole}]·4H_2O(简写为bpV(Imi-Py))和咪唑类配体(咪唑、2-甲基-咪唑、4-甲基-咪唑和组氨酸)的相互作用,其从强到弱的顺序为咪唑≈4-甲基-咪唑>2-甲基-咪唑>组氨酸.研究结果表明,咪唑环上取代基团空间位阻对反应平衡产生较大影响,同时竞争配位的结果导致新的6配位过氧物种[OV(O_2)_2L]~-(L为咪唑类配体)的生成,当配体为4-甲基-咪唑和组氨酸时,生成的则是一对异构体.To understand the substituting effects of imidazole ring on the reaction equilibrium,the interactions between diperoxovanadate complex NH_4[OV(O_2)_2{2-(2'-Pyridine)-Imidazole}]·4H_2O (abbr.bpV(Imi-Py)) and a series of imidazole-like ligands (imidazole,2-methyl-imidazole,4-methyl-imidazole,and histidine) in solution were explored using multinuclear (~1H,~(13)C,and ~(51)V) magnetic resonance,diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY),and variable temperature NMR in 0.15 mol·L~(-1) NaCl ionic medium for mimicking the physiological conditions.The experimental results indicated that the activities of bpV(Imi-Py) and organic ligands were as follows:imidazole≈4-methyl-imidazole>2-methyl- imidazole>histidine.The stedc effect of the organic ligands affects the reaction equilibrium.At the same time,new six- coordinated peroxovanadate species [OV(O_2)_2L]-(L=imidazole-like ligands) were formed due to the competitive coordination between 2-(2'-pyridyl)-imidazole and the imidazole-like ligands.When the ligand was 4-methyl- imidazole or histidine,a pair of isomers was formed.国家自然科学基金(20772027);; 973子课题(2003CB716005);; 湖南省自然科学基金(06JJ30004);; 中国博士后科学基金(20070410805);; 湖南省教育厅青年项目(068028);; 卫生部(福建省)卫生教育联合攻关计划(3502220051027);; 厦门市重大疾病攻关研究基金(Wkj2005-2-019);; 固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室开放基金和湖南科技大学博士基金(E55107)资

Development of New Coatings for Solid Phase Microextraction

As a kind of sampling preparation method, solid phase microextraction (SPME) has many advantages such as simplicity, versatility, sensitivity and solvent free. It has gained widespread acceptance in separation and analysis. As the key factor of the SPME technique, coatings on SPME fiber determine the performance and application of SPME technique. Consequently, developing new coatings is the most important work for SPME. With the development of preparation methods of SPME coatings, many new coatings have appeared in recent years, and these new coatings expand the application fields of SPME technique. This review summaries the development of new SPME coatings in the past three years, and mainly focuses on the preparation methods and properties of new SPME coatings

The Properties of Modular Characters on Normal Triples

在有限群模表示理论中,模特征标诱导和限制下的动态表现以及对应关系是有意义的问题,尤其是考虑如何把常表示的结论推广到模表示上,得到相应的模特征标结果一直是表示论中的重要课题.对于有限群g,如果n和M均为g的正规子群且n包含M,M.l.lEWIS称(g,n,M)为群g的正规三元组,并且对其上的常特征标问题进行了探讨.首先给出了模特征标的一些基本性质,然后在正规三元组(g,n,M)条件下,得到了Ibr(n)和Ibr(M)中元素限制和诱导的若干动态表现,讨论了其上不可约模特征标的不变性和唯一性问题,并且进一步获得了互素正规三元组(X,n,M)上的几个模特征标对应关系.In the modular representations of finite groups,it is profound to research the restriction,induction and correspondences of modular characters,especially for generalizing the relevant results of modular characters from the results of ordinary characters.Let G be a finite group,if N and M are both normal subgroups of G,and NM,then M.L.Lewis called(G,N,M) a normal triple of G and investigated the problems of ordinary characters about it.In this paper,some basic properties of modular characters are firstly studied,then under the condition of the normal triple(G,N,M),some results about the restriction and induction of the elements of IBr(N) and IBr(M) are given.Furthermore,some correspondences of modular characters about the coprime normal triple(X,N,M) are obtained

Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Community-Onset Bacteremia Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

前言 抗生素抗藥性的快速增加是一個嚴重的全球性公共衛生議題。院內感染多重抗藥性細菌會導致住院病人接受不適當的經驗性抗生素、較長的住院天數、更多的醫療支出與死亡率增加。近年社區感染多重抗藥性格蘭氏陰性桿菌菌血症病例數亦漸增加，但其盛行率、對臨床預後之影響以及危險因子則尚無相關研究。 目的 釐清社區感染多重抗藥性大腸桿菌與克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌菌血症之盛行率的時間趨勢與對臨床預後之影響；同時經由找出感染多重抗藥性細菌的危險因子來發展出簡單使用之預測模型，以提供臨床醫師在治療疑似社區感染格蘭氏陰性菌菌血症時經驗性抗生素選擇之參考。 材料與方法 本研究為一回溯性世代研究，分別自西元2001、2006與2011年共三年的時間於某醫院之急診收集大腸桿菌與克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌菌血症之成人病患的臨床資料。多重抗藥性的定義為對三種以上之抗生素具有抗藥性。我們分別比較多重抗藥性組與非多重抗藥性組臨床特徵與臨床結果、分析抗藥性細菌菌血症盛行率的時間趨勢、使用Cox比例風險模式來分析與30天內死亡有關之預後因子。在預測模型方面，我們以隨機分派的方式將所有病患之五分之四列入導出組(derivation set)，五分之一列入驗證組(validation set)後使用邏輯斯回歸模型來分析導出組感染多重抗藥性菌血症之獨立危險因子來建立預測模型。另外，亦利用參考變項係數之整數化給分法(Coefficient-base scoring method)來簡化預測模型以幫助臨床預測抗藥性感染。 結果 研究期間共收集1770位菌血症病患(其中大腸桿菌1243位，克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌527位)。多重抗藥性菌血症之盛行率由2001年之4.0%，增加至2006年之7.6%，至2011年為10.1% (p < 0.001)。社區感染多重抗藥性大腸桿菌與克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌菌血症之病患有較高比率發生敗血性休克(27.6% vs. 11.9%, p < 0.001)、較易接受不適當之經驗性抗生素(70.2% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.001)、較高之30天內死亡率(19.8% vs. 13.5%, p = 0.047)與較長之住院天數(19.9 ± 23.7天vs. 15.6 ± 17.1天, p = 0.042)。在非敗血性休克的病患中，多重抗藥性感染(adjusted HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.06-3.45)、惡性腫瘤(adjusted HR, 3.95; 95% CI, 2.74-5.71)、肝硬化(adjusted HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.17-2.90)、由克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌所造成之菌血症(adjusted HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.45-3.06)與泌尿道感染(adjusted HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.30-0.74)為與30天內死亡相關之獨立預後因子；在敗血性休克的病患中，惡性腫瘤(adjusted HR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.56-3.40)與泌尿道感染(adjusted HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26-0.75)為與30天內死亡相關之獨立預後因子。在預測模型方面，安養院住民(adjusted OR, 11.14; 95% CI, 5.57-22.31)、過去30天內於門診接受侵入性治療(adjusted OR, 1.86; 1.05-3.29)、過去90天內有住院病史(adjusted OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 2.30-5.42)、鬱血性心衰竭(adjusted OR, 2.87; 1.39-5.94)與腦中風(adjusted OR, 1.90; 1.10-3.28)為與多重抗藥性菌血症感染之獨立危險因子。以上述因子所建立之臨床風險分數模型來預測多重抗藥性感染，其使用者操作特徵曲線(Receiver Operating Curve; ROC curve)下面積為0.75 (95% CI, 0.70-0.80)，若臨床風險分數大或等於4分時，可以成功預測多重抗藥性感染的比例為30.0%至38.8%。 結論 社區感染多重抗藥性大腸桿菌與克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌菌血症盛行率逐年增加。對臨床的影響包括有較高比率發生敗血性休克、較易接受不適當之經驗性抗生素、較高的30天內死亡率與較長之住院天數，同時與非敗血症病患之30天內死亡率獨立相關。根據預測模型來做風險分層有助於提升病人照護與抗生素管理。Background The rapid emergence of antibiotics resistance is a major global health threat. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms are associated with receiving ineffective empirical antibiotics, longer hospital stays, higher medical costs and increased mortality in hospital settings. However, the prevalence, impact on outcomes and risk factors of common MDR gram-negative organisms causing bacteremia among community patients has seldom been elucidated. Objective To clarify the temporal trend of prevalence and impact on outcomes of community-onset bacteremia caused by MDR Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and develop an easy-to-use predictive rule by identifying the risk factors to assist physicians in empirical antibiotics selection. Methods This retrospective cohort study enrolled all emergency department adult patients with E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteremia in three study years: 2001, 2006, and 2011. MDR isolate was defined as resistance to at least 3 of different antimicrobial classes. Baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were compared. Temporal trend of MDR isolates were analyzed and prognostic factors associated with 30-day mortality were determined by Cox proportional hazard regression model. For prediction model, four-fifths of patients were randomly allocated to a derivation set and the others to a validation set for model training and testing. Independent risk factors determined by logistic regression model were included for model construction. A simplified coefficient-base scoring model was also established for the ease of clinical application. Results A total of 1770 bacteremia episodes (E. coli: 1243, K. pneumoniae: 527) were enrolled. Increasing in prevalence of MDR isolates was observed (year 2001: 4.0%, year 2006: 7.6%, year 2011: 10.1%, p < 0.001 by test for trend). Patients with community-onset bacteremia caused by MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae were significantly higher risk of septic shock (27.6% vs. 11.9%, p < 0.001), more likely to receive inappropriate empirical antibiotics (70.2% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.001), increased 30-day mortality (19.8% vs. 13.5%, p = 0.047) and longer length of hospital stay (19.9 ± 23.7 days vs. 15.6 ± 17.1 days, p = 0.042). MDR isolates (adjusted HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.06-3.45), malignancy (adjusted HR, 3.95; 95% CI, 2.74-5.71), liver cirrhosis (adjusted HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.17-2.90), bacteremia due to K. pneumoniae (adjusted HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.45-3.06) and urinary tract infection (adjusted HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.30-0.74) are the independent prognostic factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients without septic shock. Malignancy (adjusted HR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.56-3.40) and urinary tract infection (adjusted HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26-0.75) are the independent prognostic factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with septic shock. For prediction model, the independent risk factors of bacteremia due to MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae identified from derivation set were nursing home residence (adjusted OR, 11.14; 95% CI, 5.57-22.31), OPD invasive procedure in the past 30 days (adjusted OR, 1.86; 1.05-3.29), prior hospitalization in the past 90 days (adjusted OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 2.30-5.42), congestive heart failure (adjusted OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.39-5.94) and cerebrovascular accident (adjusted OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.10-3.28) (CI, confidence interval). A clinical risk score was derived and the area under receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.70-0.80). The prediction model successfully identified 30.0% to 38.8% of patients with MDR infection in high clinical risk score ≥ 4 points. Conclusions MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae causing community-onset bacteremia is alarming, and prevalence has been increasing over time. Impact of community-onset bacteremia caused by MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae include higher risk of septic shock, more likely received inappropriate empirical antibiotics, increased 30-day mortality, longer hospital length of stay, and independently associated with increased 30-day mortality in patients without septic shock. Risk stratification by simple clinical decision rule is important for optimizing patient care and antibiotics stewardship

A New Smoothing Technique for Mathematical Programs With Equilibrium Constraints

研究了一类带非线性互补约束的均衡问题.借助于逐步逼近思想,构造了一个在求解意义上与原问题等价的磨光非线性规划.从而保证一些经典的标准优化算法可以应用到该类优化问题上.最后提出了两个算法模型并分析了其全局收敛性.A kind of mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints(MPEC) is studied.By using the idea of successive approximation,a smoothing nonlinear programming,which is equivalent to the MPEC problem,was proposed.Thereby,it is ensured that some classical optimization methods can be applied for the MPEC problem.In the end,two algorithm models were proposed with the detailed analysis of the global convergence.国家自然科学基金资助项目(1050100960471039);; 广西自然科学基金资助项目(0728206);; 中国博士后基金资助项目(20070410227