Controllable empathy? The adjustability of empathy from a top-down view

以往研究表明共情的特点包括自动化与情境依赖性。但是,有关共情的理论模型与潜在神经机制仍存有争议。为更好地适应现实需求,研究重点从共情的结构和功能角度逐渐向塑造和调节共情发展。近年来,有研究者提出自上而下的心理过程与共情调节有关,特别是共情的目标表征形式,以及目标的价值权衡。因此,考虑到共情的目标导向性对于共情的内部构建与外部表现形式的影响,建议未来研究考虑从自上而下视角考察共情的可调节性。</p

Surplus Function Quantum Monte Carlo Approach

为量子MOnTECArlO方法提出一条新途径──剩余函数法；引入了SCHrOdIngEr方程剩余函数的概念，利用剩余函数将一种新的有明显物理意义的试探函数应用到量子MOnTECArlO过程中；这种试探函数是通过一种迭进式的方式确定的，它不需要在MOnTECArlO过程中优化参数.文中我们将给出这种试探函数的具体形式，证明由这种试探函数求出的能量期望值收敛于体系真实的能量值；文中还给出这种试探函数能量期望值的计算公式以及它在变分MOnTECArlO过程中的具体运算步骤；几个分子的算例说明这种试探函数的能量期望值不仅逐步逼近体系真实的能量值，而且逼近速度也非常快，一般只需要4~5次迭进即可获得90%以上的相关能.据作者所知，这种试探函数的计算精度和收敛速度在目前量子MOnTECArlO方法中均是最高的.A concept of surplus function for Schrodinger equation is put forward.A novel quantum Monte Carlo approach entitled surplus function method is suggested with use of a novel trial function of significant physical meaning which is based on the proposed surplus function.The trial function is of an iteration-type and suffers no time-consuming parameter optimum in a quantum Monte Carlo process.It is theoretically proved that the energy expectation value obtained from the proposed trial function converges to the exact energy value of the system inveshgated.In addition,computation formulas and procedures for energy expectation value are presented.Calculations for several molecules indicate that the energy expectation value obtained from the trial function does converge to the exact energy value of the investigated system and the converging rate is very fast as generally only 4-5 iterations achieves over 90% correlation energy.To our knowledge, both the calculating precision and converging rate of the trial function proposed are the highest one in the quantum Monte Carlo approach at present time.国家自然科学基金;湖南省教委科研基

Value Analysis determines when and how to strive

优化努力的分配,最小化努力成本和最大化收益是各个领域的关键问题。本文梳理了基于努力的决策(effort-based decision-making)的理论与实证研究,讨论了努力的两面性：固有成本和潜在价值。通过拓展控制期望价值理论(Expected Value of Control, EVC),本研究探讨了影响努力的非社会与社会因素。探索人们何时以及如何付出努力的计算神经机制,有利于理解与促进社会互动中的努力行为,以及为干预精神疾病中动机缺失症状提供参考。</p

Survey on standardized testing platform of psychological experiment based on Cognitive Atlas

当前精神障碍的诊断评估主要依赖于心理筛查量表和医生诊断,而很多精神障碍的临床表现比较复杂,且具有相似的外显临床症状,难以依靠现有测量方法从内在机制上进行精准区分.我们调研了国内外现有的心理实验测试任务集,分析并比较现有任务集的特征及优劣势,发现基于认知图谱构建心理实验标准化测试任务库,搭建网络和移动多种施测平台,有助于采集大规模的心理特征结构化数据.这些任务可用于构建客观、高效、可靠的精神障碍量化评估工具、指标和模型,以期对多重精神障碍进行多维度心理特征的量化评估,应用于复杂精神障碍进行精准分类,服务于精准医疗.更重要的是,标准化测试平台也将有助于正常人群认知行为测量,增强心理测试的标准性和可比性.</p

湖南桑植仁村坪二叠纪Capitanian期沉积地层及环境

PHONE: MARKET 8041WM. HAM. HALLM. AM. SOC. C. E.GRANT BUILDINGSAN FRANCISCO, CAL.February 5th, 1908-John Muir, Esq.-Martinez, Cal.-Dear Sir:-Referring to our correspondence of several months ago, I suggest that you and I have a talk on the subject thereof. As a talk, to say the least, I think it would be of mutual interest... There are some things in my office which I would show you and which I could not very well carry to Martinez, else I would go to call on you there. You are, no doubt, here in San Francisco occasionally, and I would call on you here if I knew in advance where and when to find you.Would be pleased, to have you lunch with me. This office is a very convenient place to come to from the ferry landing, if you prefer to come direct.Hoping to see you soon and to hear in advance of your coming, I am-Yours respectfully:- [illegible] Hall.04054https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/jmcl/30825/thumbnail.jp

Study on the Hydrogen Permeation Through Zinc Electrodeposit

针对氢在镀锌层中的扩散渗透性，采用电化学氢渗透技术对Ｆｅ／电镀Ｚｎ双层试样进行了研究．得到了镀锌层的厚度对镀层氢扩散系数以及氢稳态渗透通量的影响方式．研究结果表明，电镀锌层中氢扩散系数约为１０－１１ｃｍ２·ｓ－１数量级，镀锌层能够阻滞氢的扩散渗透．相应地，随镀层厚度增大，试样氢稳态渗透通量和氢有效扩散系数减小The electrochemical hydrogen_permeation technique was used to study hydrogen permeation through zinc electrodeposit with bilayer specimens of Fe substrate/zinc electrodeposit.The effect of coating thickness on hydrogen diffusion coefficient and hydrogen steady-state flux was studied. The results showed that hydrogen diffusion coefficient was approximately in the range of 10-11 cm2s-1 rank and zinc coating could retard hydrogen permeation. Accordingly, hydrogen steady_state flux and effective diffusion coefficient declined while the coating thickness increased.作者联系地址：北京科技大学表面科学与腐蚀工程系Author's Address: Dept.of Surf. Sci. and Corrosion Engin.Univ. of Sci. and Tech. Beijing,Beijing10008

轻、重离子辐照烧绿石Lu2Ti2O7导致的非晶结构变化

采用标准固相反应烧结法制备烧绿石结构的Lu2Ti2O7.在室温下,用800keV Kr2+和200keV He+进行辐照.辐照后的样品采用掠入式X射线衍射（GIXRD）表征.结果表明:用800keV Kr2+辐照样品时,辐照剂量达到2×1014cm-2（相应dpa（displacement per atom）为0.4）时,样品出现非晶化转变,并且随着辐照剂量的增加,非晶化转变量不断增加,增加至一定值后不再变化,未出现完全的非晶化转变;用200keV He+进行辐照时,即使辐照剂量增加至2×1017cm-2（dpa为1.25）,样品也没有出现非晶化转变.通过分子动力学模拟对结果进行分析后发现:重离子辐照时,样品在较小范围内产生较多的缺陷,且电子能损较低,样品温度增幅较小,缺陷复合率低,易导致非晶化转变;而轻离子辐照时结果相反.国家自然科学基金(11205128,11227804);;福建省自然科学基金(2017J01007

垃圾焚烧飞灰的熔融特性研究

以飞灰从开始熔融到熔渣全变成液体这一过程中的4个温度段所得到的熔渣为研究对象，探讨了它们的外观结构、成分、浸出毒性以及液固比、浸取液的pH值对熔渣中Ba、Cd、Ni等重金属浸出量的影响规律．结果表明：飞灰开始熔融后，随着温度的升高，熔渣的颜色逐渐变深、质地逐渐变硬、玻璃化现象逐渐明显，Ca、Al、Mg、K、Fe等主量元素的质量百分含量逐渐升高；熔融温度在1230℃以上所得到的熔渣不再是具有浸出毒性的危险废物；液固比对Ba、Zn、Cd和Ni的浸出量影响较大，而对As的影响较小；Ba、Cu、Pb和Zn等重金属元素在强酸和强碱环境下比较容易浸出