目標を諦めることは健康なのか?

Effect of giving up on personal\u27s goal, because of under difficult or impossible conditions on health was investigated by examining the concept of health from two perspectives, the subjective feeling of well-being and physical health that includes the quality of sleep and the physical condition. These conditions were classified into two categories; when it was difficult to achieve a goal and when it was impossible to achieve it. In the case where it was difficult to achieve a goal, to keep pursuing the goal without giving up and adjusting the goal flexibly to the situation was significant for both subjective feelings of happiness and physical health. On the other hand, when it was impossible to achieve a goal, establishing a new goal and trying to achieve it was more effective in increasing the subjective feeling of happiness than giving up the goal. These results suggest that pursuing personal\u27s goal under any circumstance is better for health to than giving up a goal

試行カウンセリング実習の可能性と考慮点の実証的検討1-体験についての予備調査

The current study was conducted to demonstrate that trial counseling was an effective training method in graduate school clinical psychology courses. Here,the results of responses to a preliminary questionnaire by trainee counselors are reported.Usually,in courses to train clinical psychologists,role-playing is undertaken before taking practical cases,in which trainees play the role of client/therapist in a single session with students of the same school. In the present study,students were required to play the role of client/therapist successively in four sessions with students from other graduate school,so that they were meeting each other for the first time. Before and after the trial counseling session, students were asked to respond to yes-no questions and provide free descriptions on the substantial effects of the training. Results indicated self-awareness in students playing the role of the counselor and contented feelings about the psychological growth of the client. These results suggest that trial counseling is an important step in preparing for practical counseling. Results also indicated that to counsel students from another school was more similar to the real situation. Moreover, to observe the counseling experience from the viewpoint of a client in counseling was an important experience for the trainees

現代中年期女性は女性性をどのように捉えているのか-質問紙調査による女性青年との比較-

How do middle-aged women women in contemporary Japan understand the concept of femininity? Young women (n=118) and their middle-aged mothers (n=118) participated in a study, in which the Femininity Consciousness Scale (FCS) was developed and used to identify four factors: "Personal Magnetism," "Traditional Image," "Appearance and Looks," and "Negative Image." Results indicated that middle-aged women did not attach as much importance to Appearance and Looks as did young women. Moreover, the self-evaluation of middle-aged women was below the average. The Attitudes toward \u27Femininity\u27 Scale (AFS) was also developed and two factors, "Affirmative Attitude" and "Negative Attitude" were identified. Results indicated that Affirmative Attitudes were not high and Negative Attitudes were low in which group of women. Results of correlation analysis between the FCS and AFS indicated that there was a positive correlation between there was a positive correlation between Affirmative Attitude, Personal Magnetism and Traditional Image of young women, and that Affirmative Attitude and Negative Attitude were positively correlated with Negative image in middle-aged women. These findings suggest that the relationship between attitudes and consciousness about femininity in contemporary Japan is different in different generations of women

育児における女性の心理的体験に関する研究の今後

How do women experience motherhood? Many studies have reported on maternal anxieties and maternal stresses. These studies have demonstrated that psychological conflicts of mothers could be sufficient to defeat the "myth of maternal love." However, two problems remain. Firstly, these studies have not examined motherhood realistically. Secondly, these studies have been conducted based on the idea that psychological conflicts predict non-adaptive child-rearing. In this study, we have proposed the possibility that psychological conflicts about child-rearning can contribute to the development as mothers, and we have reviewed studies on this development. Such studies have resulted in the new perspective, that mothers can triumph over difficulties in child-rearing and can adapt as mothers. However, these studies have not revealed how mothers triumph over their problems, or how they adapt as mothers. As a result, we have proposed a new foundation for psychological studies on motherhood that focuses on the process of motherhood. With this perspective,we would approached the mechanisms of how women experience motherhood and how they adapt as mothers

日本における乳幼児期の子どもをもつ父親研究の動向

Transitions in the role of the father were categorized according to research trends on fathers of infants in Japan. Then, the following six perspectives were examined. (1)Beginnings of research on fathers of infants. (2)Father as the mother\u27s source of support. (3)Father who influences the child\u27s development. (4)Growth as a father. (5)Parenting stress experienced by the father. (6)Support for becoming a father. Results suggested that the presence of the father is an important factor in raising children. It is concluded that further studies, focusing on fathers and on assisting fathers with raising children are required