美国研究生负责任研究行为(RCR)教育计划及启示

介绍了美国负责任研究行为(rCr)教育的发展、教学内容、教育资源及作为美国rCr教育体系的重要组成部分的研究生rCr教育计划,并对美国rCr教育给我国研究生的科研诚信教育的启示进行了讨论

玉米秸秆黑液木质素制备活性炭的研究

以玉米秸秆制浆黑液木质素为原料,利用H3PO4为活化剂通过化学活化方法制备出以微孔为主的大比表面积活性炭。详细考察了活化温度对所得活性炭BET比表面积、微孔体积以及中孔体积的影响。确定了700℃为制备大比表面积活性炭的最佳温度。700℃下所得活性炭的BET比表面积以及孔体积可分别达到1101m2/g和0.47ml/g。该活性炭能较好的吸附模拟废水中的苯酚,最大吸附量可达108.7mg/g,同时Langmuir模型能较好的描述该吸附过程

Study on the delay aversion in childreh with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

【目的】探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童动机水平的延迟厌恶功能特征。【方法】运用两种选择延迟任务对100名ADHD儿童及对照组儿童分别进行延迟厌恶测试,采用多变量方差分析/协方差分析进行统计。【结果】总体发现,两组儿童在延迟厌恶功能上差异有统计学意义(P=0.009),单因素方差分析显示ADHD组儿童在选择延迟任务1中选择等待30 s后得到"2分"的圆的次数明显少于对照组儿童,而选择等待2 s后等到"1分"的圆的次数明显多于对照组儿童(P=0.013),其反应时也明显长于后者(P=0.027),控制FIQ协方差分析结果显示差异仍具有统计学意义,表明ADHD儿童倾向于选择等待时间短而得分低的任务;在选择延迟任务2中两组儿童之间无显著性差异。【结论】ADHD儿童存在明显的延迟厌恶;延迟厌恶可能是ADHD的发病机制之一。【Objective】 To determine the characteristics in motivational domain of delay aversion in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）.【Methods】 One hundred children with ADHD and 100 healthy controls matched in age,gender,grade,handedness were measured with neuropsychological tests concerning the domain of delay aversion（i.e,choice delay tasks）.The performance was compared using multivariate analysis of variance（MANOVA） and MACOVA with FIQ controlled for between two groups.【Results】 The omnibus MANOVA of the primary neuropsychological variables revealed a large group effect with P=0.009.The ANOVAs of each test showed that children with ADHD preferred choosing one-point circle with 2-second delayed reward to two-point circle with 30-second delayed reward（P=0.013） than healthy controls and the reaction time was longer（P=0.027）in choice delay task 1.The results remainded unchanged arter controlling for FIQ.The results indicated that children with ADHD had a behavioural tendency of greater preference for smaller-immediate over larger-delayed rewards.There were no significant difference between ADHD group and healthy controls in CDT2.【Conclusions】 There are significant delay aversion in children with ADHD.Delay aversin may be a causal mechanism associated with ADHD

Study on the delay aversion in childreh with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

【目的】探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童持续注意及反应抑制特征,为临床诊治提供参考依据。【方法】运用持续注意反应任务(SART)对100名ADHD儿童及对照组儿童进行测试,采用多变量方差分析/协方差分析对持续注意及反应抑制能力进行统计。【结果】总的来说,两组儿童在持续注意及反应抑制功能上差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)上明显地多于对照组儿童,所需反应时(P【Objective】 To determine the characteristics in cognitive domain of sustained attention and response inhibitionl domain children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）.【Methods】 One hundred children with ADHD and 100 healthy controls matched in age,gender,grade,handedness were measured with sustained attention response to task（SART） involing ability of suatained attention and response inhition.The performance was compared using multivariate analysis of variance（MANOVA） and MACOVA with FIQ controlled for between two groups.【Results】 The omnibus MANOVA of the primary neuropsychological variables revealed a large group effect with P0.001.The ANOVAs of each index showed that children with ADHD made more omission errors（P=0.004） and commission errors（P0.001） than did healthy controls.Furthermore,the reaction times（RT） of correct response（P0.001） in children with ADHD were much longer than that in healthy controls,and the variability of RT much more than the latter（P=0.001）.The results remainded unchanged arter controlling for FIQ.【Conclusion】 There are significant deficits of sustained attention and response inhibition in children with ADHD