Study on the Legal Regimes of ACP-EC Economic & Trade Cooperation——Roadway of the Sino-African Economic & Trade Cooperation Relationship in the New Era

晚近，非洲在世界经济向全球化、国际政治格局向多极化发展的新形势中，越来越引起世界各国的关注。因而，本文以非加太国家（ACP）与欧洲共同体（欧共体或EC）之间的经贸合作的法律机制为主要研究对象，并在此基础上探讨我国与非洲地区的经贸合作关系的进路问题。全文共六章，大体上可以分为两部分。 第一部分从第一章至第五章。为了清晰地全面了解ACP-EC的合作机制的演变历程，这部分主要以时间的顺序，对它们之间的经贸合作机制的内容及其变革予以深入的论述并加以评析。 第一章主要探讨非洲地区与EC之间早期的联系机制，包括《罗马条约》的联系专约机制以及雅温得、阿鲁沙联系机制。从1957年至1975年初的十多年间，...Recently, Africa has aroused more and more world attention in the new era of economy globalization and multi-polarization of international political pattern. Hence, this essay takes the ACP-EC legal regimes of economic & trade cooperation as the research target, and on this basis to discuss the roadway issues of the Sino-Africa economic & trade cooperation relationship. The whole article contains ...学位：法学博士院系专业：法学院法律系_国际法学(含国际公法、国际私法、国际经济法)学号：1292006015300

Analysis of partial sequences of Hepatitis E virus isolated from human and swine in a certain area of Jiangsu province

目的:调查了解江苏省某农村地区人源与猪源戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)的相关性。方法:应用逆转录-巢式聚合酶链法(rT-PCr)对同一地区内一般人群中HEV IgM阳性者、急性戊型肝炎患者血标本和生猪胆囊标本进行HEV rnA检测,并对HEV rnA阳性标本进行克隆测序和序列分析。结果:一般人群中检出的HEV基因1、4型比例相近,临床散发性戊肝病例绝大部分为HEV-4型病毒感染所致(95.24%);生猪胆汁标本PCr阳性率为12.11%,猪源HEV基因分型均为HEV-4型;分离于人和生猪的HEV-4型病毒高度同源,同源性81%~97%。结论:该地区人群HEV基因分型以HEV-4型为优势毒株;猪源HEV均为基因4型;人源和猪源的HEV-4型病毒高度同源,猪是当地HEV主要宿主动物之一。Objective:To explore the correlation between swine and human hepatitis E virus(HEV) in Jiangsu province.Methods:Specimens collected from HEV-IgM positive people of the general population,patients with acute hepatitis E and cholecyst from swine in the same area,were detected for HEV RNA by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).HEV-positive samples were further analyzed by direct nucleotide sequencing.Results:Among the HEV IgM carriers,8 positive cases were identified,and the subtype of HEV were type 1 and type 4.The majority cases of clinical sporadic HEV were type 4(95.24%).The HEV-positive rate of swine bile samples was 12.11%,and the virus genotype was type 4.The type 4 HEV of human and swine showed a high degree of homology(81%～97%).Conclusion:Both HEV-1 and HEV-4 were found in human in this area with the dominant type of HEV-4.All the swine HEV-positive samples showed HEV-4 genotype.The HEV-4 of human and swine in the Dongtai area showed a high degree of homology.These findings suggest that swine may be one of the main hosts of HEV in this region

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of the sporadic cases with hepatitis E infection in the rural area in Jiangsu province

目的了解江苏省农村散发性戊型肝炎的流行病学特征。方法通过建立覆盖市、镇、村三级医疗卫生服务机构的疑似肝炎主动监测网络,系统全面地监测戊型肝炎病例的发病情况。结果主动监测网络的敏感性明显高于网络报告系统,能更加准确、全面地掌握戊肝的发病规律。结果显示戊型肝炎病例占疑似急性肝炎病例的26.7%,男性戊肝发病率高于女性(P<0.01);发病随着年龄增长而上升,多见35岁以上人群;全年均有发病,冬春季节较高;戊型肝炎病毒株HEV1、4型并存,但以HEV4型为主(92.5%)。结论疑似肝炎主动监测系统数据显示目前戊肝发病率有被低估的风险。To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the sporadic cases with hepatitis E infection in the rural area of Jiangsu province,the prevalence of hepatitis E infection was surveyed systemically and completely through the initiatively monitoring system for the suspected cases of hepatitis E covering the city,town and village levels of medical and health service organizations.It was found that the initiatively monitoring system for suspected hepatitis E cases reflected the incidence of hepatitis E more accurately and comprehensively and was proved to be more sensitive than the network reporting system.The cases with hepatitis E accounted to 26.7% of the suspected cases with acute hepatitis and they were more frequent in male than in female.The incidence of hepatitis E increased with advance of age and most of cases occurred with age over 35.Estimated incidence was stable on the whole year,but rose up in winter and spring.The HEV type 1 and type 4 co-existed,but the HEV type 4 was proved to be the main type(92.5%).From the above observations,it seems that the initiatively monitoring system for the suspected cases of hepatitis E may be under-estimated for the risk of the hepatitis E infection in rural area of Jiangsu province.国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2006AA02A209)资

散发型戊型肝炎与急性乙肝临床特征比较

目的比较散发型急性戊型肝炎与乙肝临床特征。方法分析戊肝和急性乙肝间年龄、性别、肝脏损伤、症状体征以及病程的差异。结果急性肝炎病例中,戊型肝炎最常见(28.0%),急性乙肝次之(9.2%);戊肝平均发病年龄为56.3±13.1岁,急性乙肝为43.0±12.5岁,平均发病年龄戊肝较急性乙肝大(t=4.4723,P<0.0001),均为男性多发;两者常见的临床症状和体征基本相当,但戊肝患者黄疸症状更多见(P<0.05);戊肝病程较急性乙肝长(t=3.7249,P=0.0003);通过年龄性别进行1:1匹配分析,戊肝比急性乙肝对肝脏的损伤程度严重(t=3.5978,P=0.0019)。结论戊肝多见于中老年,急性乙肝多见于中青年,均为男性多于女性。临床特征比较戊肝较急性乙肝更为严重

从侗族的“侗不离酸”看民俗文化的新生性选择

侗族居住地古属夜郎地,传统文明的主要标识表现在两方面:其一,自称"干"的分"佬侗"、"绞侗"和"坦侗"三大部族支系的民族融合为统一的族群生命共同体;其二,在原始认知的始初即创建了"原生性"与"建构性"互为动因的标举民族主体意识及主体精神的古俗文化。和较早时期被称之为传统残留物(remnants)一样,侗族古俗文化的精神特质体现在:一是至今仍在"既是文化的也是社会的基础上存活着";二是不断创造出"那些无法用主流文化(dominant culture)来证实或表达的经验、意义或价值"的且"与残留文化相对立的""新生性文化(emergent culture)"。已然符号化了的"侗不离酸"遗俗即是例证。分析认为,特定意义上,图符化了"侗不离酸"习俗,以"阐释性的符号"方式,表明一个族群集体对"细脖子阳人来到这世上"的处身状态,作"不知吾所以然而然"的领悟,即在存在论意义上,对"人之缘在"和族群自我生存环境"生成性"作哲学性思考。而这正是侗族古俗文化在强调习俗性的基础上选择创生性的关键所在

民族间的文化相遇

基于民族志文化描述案例,讨论"民族间的文化相遇"拥有的哲学性含义。其一,交流即是人之缘在的基本现象,由此,人类交流基本结构中民族间的文化相遇,表现为文化自我深层结构中认知行为与基础哲学的相遇;其二,结构存在论意义上,这一拥有自身语言维度的"超越西方思想视阈"的"文化间的思想",将跨越时空和话语维度为"所有的文化世界和哲学"所能接受

萨玛神的“元信息”解读——侗族大神母研究系列之一

民族志资料表明,侗族称"万物之母"萨玛神为"玛"(Means/mah~(323)),古希腊神话亦称"大地女神"该亚为"玛"(Ma/ma~(31))两者读音相近,意义相通约,都指祖母。不过,作为古希腊文明源头的"大神母"神话,譬如"玛"神化身的"大地之母"神话,因古希腊文明断隔的原因,其意义蕴含亦随之消歇;而偏居我国西南一隅自称"干"(Gaeml/k(?)m~(55))的族群社会的神话记忆基础,尤其是有关"大神母"萨玛神的"无意识"记忆基础,却从古至今一直影响着这个民族的认知行为及其所指认的意义世界,譬如影响着这个民族对人类性别角色的社会分工与男女地位的差别的思考,对女性话语与"女性书写"(Ecriturefeminine)的持守与选择。基于此,以文化自觉的责任意识,重新审视具有阐释性功能与反映人类社会历史信息的"大神母"萨玛神隐含的"意义体系",无疑具有现实的启示意义

侗族萨玛节与萨玛神民间信仰

作为具有人类文明标识意义的珍贵遗存的萨玛节,国务院将其列入"人类非物质文化遗产保护名录"。学界的学术观点为:1.萨玛神为抵御外侮的英雄神和顺己、佑己、助己的守护神;2.萨玛节为萨玛神祭祀仪式演变形成。基于学界关于萨玛节及萨玛神民间信仰学术研究只关注文明史后"祖先崇拜→英雄崇拜"信息环节的表述,本调研报告定位为对史前"自然崇拜→图腾崇拜"信息元素的发掘:1.萨玛节形成的渊源性原因;2.萨玛神民间信仰的本来面貌;3.于人类文明整体视域及价值体系检视萨玛神记忆基础的原生性意义与创造性活力。调研结论认为:1.萨玛神原型带有新、旧石器时期狩猎及农耕文明"大母神"和"地母神"的记忆痕迹,是人类"圣婚"时期性活力、生命繁殖力的神圣象征;2.每年岁首农历正月、二月和岁暮九月、十月举行的祭祀仪式,从属岁时仪式,目的在于祈求神灵庇佑生命循环再生与谷物丰饶,萨玛节由此演化形成;3.由岁时仪式衍生的萨玛神民间信仰及其祭祀仪式,可在岁时仪式活动中找到源头性依据和合理性解释

侗族栖居法式的“人类学诗学”视角探析

侗族神性思维模式与混沌时空观和诗意栖居理念有关联。这种观念模式认为,“气”是天地自然的生命表征;世人因脖子细小柔弱,因而要借助天地自然那口“气”来滋养自己;人与天地自然“主”、“客”相尊,“血亲”关联,既要关注自身的生命存在又要追问生态伦理的价值实现;为此,人们要以“傍生”情感体验和生命皈依方式去呵护生命家园里的“亲族”。这种生态生成观,“预见性”地穿越一切时空,与现代性生态哲学观一理相通、互为呼应

On the Appellate Mechanism for Investor-State Dispute Settlement

美国对外签订的《自由贸易协定》和ICSID"中心"秘书处提出的有关创立上诉机制的建议对传统的"一审终审制"提出挑战。建立上诉机制有益于保持裁决的一致性、纠正适用法律错误和可能的严重事实错误以及弥补目前裁决审查机制的不足,但也存在与仲裁终局性原则相矛盾、增加待解决案件的数量以及导致争端解决制度政治化的缺限。少数发达国家和ICISD率先尝试建立国际投资争端上诉机制的行为反映了发达国家力图提升东道国对外资保护的强度;鉴于此,发展中国家应当提高警惕并采取因应之策。This paper summarizes the recent development of appellate mechanism in international practices of investor-state disputes, such as the pertinent provisions concerning establishing an appellate mechanism in the United States' FTAs and ICSID's proposal. It also comments on the advantages and disadvantages of establishing such an appellate mechanism. Finally, it points out the conduct of establishing an appeal mechanism for investment disputes reveals the fact that the developed countries are trying to enhance the protection of FDI by host countries. Hence, the developing countries are suggested to heighten their vigilances and to take positive responses