基于肠肝轴研究栀子苷对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠的影响

目的 观察栀子苷对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)大鼠的影响,并基于肠肝轴探讨栀子苷防治NASH的作用机制。方法 将35只大鼠按随机数字表法分为5组,每组7只。即正常组、模型组、栀子苷组、盐酸吡格列酮组及培菲康组。除正常组外,其余28只大鼠采用高脂饮食16周建立大鼠NASH模型,在造模第9周开始给药,共治疗8周。第16周末经腹主动脉取血,生化法检测肝组织甘油三酯(TG)水平,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察肝组织、肠组织病理学变化。ELISA法检测肝组织白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)等炎症因子的表达水平。终点显色法检测血浆内毒素(LPS)含量。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠的肝组织显示出典型的NASH组织学特征,经栀子苷干预后,肝细胞脂肪变性、炎症浸润较模型组减轻。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肠上皮细胞少量脱落,肠黏膜机械屏障受损。经栀子苷干预后,回肠黏膜结构完整,未见明显肠上皮细胞脱落。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠脂肪重量、肝湿重、肝指数、肝脏TG含量、血浆LPS水平、肝组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α等炎症因子水平均有不同程度增高(P<0.01)。经干预后,栀子苷组大鼠脂肪重量、肝湿重、肝指数、肝脏TG含量、血浆LPS水平、肝组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α等炎症因子水平均较模型组有不同程度的下降(P<0.05,P<0. 01)。结论栀子苷能明显改善大鼠肠黏膜组织结构,保持肠黏膜屏障的完整性,显著降低血浆LPS水平,显著降低NASH大鼠肝组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α等炎症因子的表达。提示栀子苷治疗NASH的作用机制与调节肠肝轴、改善肠黏膜屏障、减少内源性LPS产生、降低炎症因子表达有关

基于肠肝轴研究栀子苷对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠的影响

目的观察栀子苷对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)大鼠的影响,并基于肠肝轴探讨栀子苷防治NASH的作用机制。方法将35只大鼠按随机数字表法分为5组,每组7只。即正常组、模型组、栀子苷组、盐酸吡格列酮组及培菲康组。除正常组外,其余28只大鼠采用高脂饮食16周建立大鼠NASH模型,在造模第9周开始给药,共治疗8周。第16周末经腹主动脉取血,生化法检测肝组织甘油三酯(TG)水平,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察肝组织、肠组织病理学变化。ELISA法检测肝组织白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)等炎症因子的表达水平。终点显色法检测血浆内毒素(LPS)含量。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠的肝组织显示出典型的NASH组织学特征,经栀子苷干预后,肝细胞脂肪变性、炎症浸润较模型组减轻。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肠上皮细胞少量脱落,肠黏膜机械屏障受损。经栀子苷干预后,回肠黏膜结构完整,未见明显肠上皮细胞脱落。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠脂肪重量、肝湿重、肝指数、肝脏TG含量、血浆LPS水平、肝组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α等炎症因子水平均有不同程度增高(P<0.01)。经干预后,栀子苷组大鼠脂肪重量、肝湿重、肝指数、肝脏TG含量、血浆LPS水平、肝组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α等炎症因子水平均较模型组有不同程度的下降(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论栀子苷能明显改善大鼠肠黏膜组织结构,保持肠黏膜屏障的完整性,显著降低血浆LPS水平,显著降低NASH大鼠肝组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α等炎症因子的表达。提示栀子苷治疗NASH的作用机制与调节肠肝轴、改善肠黏膜屏障、减少内源性LPS产生、降低炎症因子表达有关。国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81673660)2017、2018厦门大学大学生创新创业训练课题(No.2017X0547; No.201810384230

The Sino-French controversy over Vietnam 1880-1885 : from tributary system to international legal system

Most studies on Imperial China’s reception of international law in the nineteenth century debate about how much China integrated international law as guidance for its state behavior. Some scholars argue that Imperial China’s reception of international law was only for the sake of survival. China adhered to international law out of consideration of expediency. Chinese officials’ reference to China’s traditional rights and culture seemed to further suggest that the violent encounter between Imperial China and Western states in the nineteenth century was the result of cultural incommensurability. The present study uses archival research to find out the answer to Imperial China’s reception of international law. By looking into the archives of diplomatic affairs, the study seeks to discover whether Chinese officials had legal motivations in making state decisions. The thesis examines the Sino-French controversy over the status of Vietnam in the 1880s as a case study. The controversy was an example of Western Imperialism interfering with China’s pre-modern tributary system which had regulated inter-state relations in East Asia before the international legal system. The controversy manifested itself as a conflict between the tributary system and the international legal system. Because the two world orders were the manifestation of the civilizations of the two nations, the conflict appeared to be a case of cultural incommensurability. However, the examination of Chinese officials’ uses of international law during the controversy demonstrated that Imperial China’s reception of international law was not expedient. Although the dominant political figures in China made great efforts to maintain China’s privileged position in the tributary system, they also allowed legal motivations to guide their political choices. These Chinese officials had realized that the normative requirements of the tributary system were not applicable for the new international environment anymore. The collapse of the tributary system was considered the result of Imperial China’s power decline and change of power configurations in East Asia. For the Chinese officials, the controversy was an inevitable power struggle between China and France. Although the thesis was initially only concerned with whether China had accepted international law or not, the findings also show that international law was not a complete system in the nineteenth century. International law was subject to power politics. The behaviors of the Chinese, French, British and American officials demonstrated that they were aware of politics’ influence over international law. In summary, Imperial China was not a passive receiver of international law in the nineteenth century, but an engaging member of the expanding international society regulated by international law. Moreover, instead of using cultural differences to explain different state behaviors, acknowledging the influence of international politics over the development of international law could provide a more accurate picture of the history of the international legal system.published_or_final_versionLawDoctoralDoctor of Philosoph

钾碱体系中碱铝高效萃取分离研究与应用

针对亚熔盐铬盐清洁生产技术示范工程长期运行后循环碱液中铝积累的问题,提出萃取分离钾碱循环液中钾/铝新方法。在研究了稀释剂和含萃取剂的有机体系萃取铝酸钾和氢氧化钾液中钾的热力学平衡基础上,针对示范工程现场物料成分,设计了非连续两级逆流萃取工艺过程及萃取过程参数,并完成了百升级现场试验验证,结果表明铝酸钾液经萃取分离钾后,分子比可从3.43下降至1.9左右,提钾富铝后碱液经晶种分解过程可获得氢氧化铝,为循环液中铝的高效分离提供可行性方案

HTP投射测验与EPQ问卷测验的相关性研究

目的探索HTP投射测验与EPQ问卷测验在人格特质的量化判别上的相关性,验证其揭露人格内隐特质的有效性。方法对421名大学生施测HTP和EPQ,进行测验结果的相关性分析。结果 HTP具有明显的结构性特征。其中的房、树、人三因素分别对应人格特质中的内外倾(E分)、精神质(P分)和神经质(N分);但各因素均与掩饰性(L分)无相关。HTP的绘画尺寸量化结果表明,大学生被试者存在显著性别差异,女生分数均高于男生。结论 HTP具有较好的效度,在表现更多层面、较深层次的人格特质上具有独特作用。&nbsp;</p

含钽铌废渣中钽铌资源的综合回收工艺研究

对从含钽铌废渣中综合回收钽、铌的新工艺进行了研究。开发了低碱分解-水浸、稀酸预处理、氢氟酸转型浸出的湿法冶金工艺路线,通过实验确定了最佳工艺条件。其中低碱分解-水浸工艺条件为:碱渣质量比0.6∶1.0、反应温度800℃、反应时间1 h,添加剂Na Cl添加量为渣量的12%,水浸温度90℃,液固比6∶1,时间0.5 h。低碱分解过程中钽和铌的转化率分别为92.3%和98.2%。稀酸预处理后大部分杂质被脱除,钽、铌相对于原渣富集近5倍。转型浸出工艺条件为:硫酸用量为渣量的0.8倍,氢氟酸用量为渣量的0.6倍,反应温度为90℃,液固比为5∶1,反应时间为4 h,钽和铌的浸出率分别为99.80%和99..

KOH熔盐法处理低品位难分解钽铌矿的实验研究

首次提出采用&quot;配矿-KOH 熔盐分解-水浸出&quot;的新工艺来处理低品位、难分解钽铌矿。探讨了矿物铌/钽质量比、分解温度、碱矿比、分解时间和矿物平均粒径等因素对铌和钽的浸出率的影响。结果表明,在最优处理条件下,铌和钽的浸出率可分别达到95%和93%,较现行氢氟酸工艺提高10%左右,大大提高了难处理钽铌资源的利用率。用无毒的 KOH 熔盐取代现行工艺中高浓高毒性的氢氟酸作为反应介质,从生产源头削减了 F 的三废污染,为钽、铌湿法冶金开辟了一条新的途径

ICP-AES法对铬铁矿中的多种元素进行定性与定量分析

采用ICP-AES法对铬铁矿首先进行定性分析，确定了铬铁矿中含有的元素种类;经过分析发现铬铁矿中含有Cr，Fe，Al，Mg，Zn，Co，Ni等29种元素。然后根据定性分析的结果，对铬铁矿中的主要元素Cr，Fe，Al，Mg，Ca，Ti，Si，Mn，V的含量进行测量。铬铁矿样品的前处理分两步进行，首先用碳酸钠-四硼酸钠在950 ℃下熔融30 min，然后用稀盐酸在80 ℃下浸取10 min，即可将样品完全溶解。实验结果表明，该方法的相对标准偏差为0.48%～2.05%，加标回收率为90.5%～111.3%，分析精确度满足要求

含砷钴镍渣中砷碱介质氧化浸出机理

研究了某厂ZnSO4溶液砷盐净化工艺产生的含砷钴镍渣中砷在惰性和氧气气氛的碱介质中的氧化浸出机理.结果表明,砷氧化浸出与温度、介质碱浓度、浸出气氛均密切相关.在惰性气氛、碱介质中,渣中CuO和Cu2O均可作为砷氧化浸出的氧化剂,在80℃及以下低温下,CuO对低价砷起主要氧化作用,还原产物为Cu2O,砷最高浸出率不超过53%;在100℃及以上较高温下,CuO和Cu2O均参与低价砷的氧化浸出过程,还原产物均为单质Cu,最高浸出率约为90%;在氧气气氛、碱介质中,砷浸出率可达98%以上,除O2作为氧化剂直接氧化浸出砷外,渣中的铜可作为O2与低价砷之间电子传递的载体,强化氧化反应