协商民主与政治协商:理论差异浅析

协商民主理论于20世纪80、90年代被学者引入中国后,与中国特色的政治协商实践联系在一起。由于“协商“形式上的一致性,部分学者曲解协商民主理论,有意混淆“协商民主“与“政治协商“的异同,拒绝分析、学习和借鉴。文章主要分析二者的差异,以理清概念

Study on the prothymosin α as vaccine adjuvant of P.yoelii

目的:研究胸腺素α原(PrOTHyMOSInα,PrOTα)作为约氏疟原虫疫苗免疫佐剂的作用。方法:提取P.yOElII-17Xnl全蛋白作为抗原,用胸腺素α原作为免疫佐剂,免疫小鼠。具体方案为:昆明小鼠分为4组,每组6只,A组免疫P.yOElII-17Xnl全蛋白+PrOTα;b组免疫P.yOElII-17Xnl全蛋白;C组只注射PrOTα;d组为空白对照,以相同体积的生理盐水代替。免疫结束后感染致死的P.yOElII-17Xl,1x107个虫/只小鼠。结果:感染后的前10天A组小鼠疟原虫血症平均值要低于其他三组,且最终有3只小鼠存活下来,存活率50%,C组有一只小鼠存活,b、d组小鼠全部死亡。结论:用P.yOElII-17Xnl全蛋白做抗原,用PrOTα作为佐剂,比单独用P.yOElII-17Xnl全蛋白对小鼠有更好的免疫保护作用,提示了PrOTα可以成为一种有潜力的蛋白疫苗。Objective:To investigate the function of prothymosin α(ProTα) as vaccine adjuvant of P.yoelii.Methods:The mice were immunized with the total protein extracted from P.yoelii-17XNL as antigen,together with prothymosin α as adjuvant.Programs:Kunming mice were divided into A,B,C and D group.A group was immunized with P.yoelii-17XNL total protein and ProTα;B group was immunized with P.yoelii-17XNL;C group was only injected with ProTα;D group was the control,only injected with physiological saline.And then,the mice of each group was infected with P.yoelii-17XL,the dosage was 1×107/mice.Results:The parasitemia of A group-mice was lower than the other three groups in the first 10 days after infection,and eventually there were three mice survived in A group,the survival rate was 50%,one mouse survived in C group,all of mice in B group and D group died.Conclusion:Mice immunized with P.yoelii-17XNL total protein as antigen together with ProTα as adjuvants,had better immune protection than those immunized with P.yoelii-17XNL protein only.The present results suggest that the ProTα can act as a potential adjuvant in protein vaccine.厦门市科技项目(3502Z20083004);国家“973”项目(2007CB513103)资

Effect of Exogenous RGS16 Gene Transfection on Growth of Glioma Cell Line C6

背景与目的:有研究表明野生型p53可以诱导RGS16表达,而RGS16可能与胶质瘤的发生有关。本研究旨在探讨RGS16基因转染对大鼠胶质瘤C6细胞生长的影响。方法:构建真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-RGS16,脂质体法转染C6细胞,经G418筛选后荧光显微镜观察细胞中增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhancedgreenfluorscentprotein,EGFP)的表达,RT-PCR证实RGS16的mRNA表达,免疫细胞化学方法检测细胞中RGS16蛋白表达。最后利用流式细胞仪、生长曲线、平板克隆形成等方法研究RGS16基因对胶质瘤细胞周期、生长及增殖的影响。结果:成功构建了稳定表达RGS16和表达空载体的细胞系C6-RGS16、C6-GFP。C6-RGS16、C6-GFP和C6经流式细胞仪检测S期的细胞比例分别为28.5%、18.9%和14.3%(P<0.05);生长曲线表明C6-RGS16生长的速度明显快于C6-GFP及C6,但其平板克隆形成率分别为12%、25%和25%(P<0.05)。结论:RGS16促进C6细胞周期从G1期向S期过渡,加快细胞生长速度,但是并不促进细胞克隆形成。 【英文摘要】 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Wild type p53 could induceRGS16 mRNA expression, and RGS16 protein is related with carcinogenesisof glioma. This study was designed to investigate the effects of exogenousRGS16 gene transfection on the growth of rat glioma cell line C6.METHODS : A eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-RGS16 wasconstructed, and transfected into C6 cells. The cells were selected by G418.The expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was observedunder fluorescent microscope, and the exp...军队医药卫生科研基金项目(No.02ma04)~

Regulation of Cell Cycle of Glioma C6 Cells by Regulator of G Protein Signaling 16

目的:探讨G蛋白调节子 16(RGS16)对胶质瘤C6细胞周期的影响。方法:利用脂质体介导法将RGS16基因导入C6细胞中 ,在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态变化和贴壁生长情况 ;免疫细胞化学法检测转染前后RGS16蛋白的表达情况 ;流式细胞仪检测转染pCMV 5 RGS16和 pCMV 5质粒后每隔 12h后的细胞周期变化。 结果:转染pCMV 5 RGS16质粒 2 4h后 3 0 .0 %细胞贴壁性降低 ,突起收缩 ,细胞变圆 ,72h之后细胞又恢复正常 ;RGS16蛋白的表达呈时相性 ,3 6h时表达率最高 (阳性率为13 .0 % ) ,72h表达终止 ;C6细胞的各期细胞比例变化与RGS16蛋白表达对应 ,在 3 6h时G1期比例从转染前的 70 .5 %降低到60 .2 % ,S期比例从 2 0 .9%增加到 3 4.9% ;在 48h时G1期增加到 76.2 % ,S期减少到 11.4% ;72h各期恢复到正常比例。对照组细胞转染前后形态变化不明显 ,RGS16蛋白表达阴性 ,细胞周期变化不明显。结论:RGS16能促进C6细胞周期的运行. 【英文摘要】 Objective To study the effect of regulator of G protein signaling 16(RGS16) on the cell cycle of glioma C6 cell.Methods pCMV5 RGS16 was transfected into C6 cells by lipofectin.The morphological and adhesive changes of the cells were observed under an inverted microscope.Expression of RGS16 was examined by immunocytochemical method both before and after the transfection.Flow Cytometry was adopted to measure the fraction number changes of the cell cycle phase every 12 h.Results 24 hours after the transfec..

Expression of RGS16 protein induced by wide type p53 gene in rat glioma C6 cell line

目的:探讨内外源性野生型p53是否可以诱导大鼠胶质瘤细胞C6RGS16表达。方法:在大鼠胶质瘤细胞C6中,分别转染pEGFP-C3-wtp53或以400ng/ml表阿霉素诱导内源性野生型p53表达,于处理后0h、4h、8h、16h、26h、32h和52h收集细胞爬片、固定后免疫细胞化学检测p53蛋白与RGS16蛋白表达。结果:转染pEGFP-C3-wtp53后4h、8h、16h、26h和32h时均检测到p53蛋白表达,在8h和16h时检测到RGS16蛋白表达;在400ng/ml表阿霉素处理后,仅在26h时检测到p53表达而始终未见到RGS16蛋白表达。结论:内外源性野生型p53可以诱导大鼠胶质瘤细胞C6RGS16蛋白的表达

Rat glioma C6 cell apoptosis induced by UV radiation via p38-MAPK

目的 :探讨 p38MAPK在紫外线损伤刺激细胞中的特异性信号转导作用 .方法 :流式细胞仪检测紫外线照射 30min后 1,2及 4h的C6细胞周期变化和是否有凋亡发生 ;应用免疫细胞化学技术观察紫外线刺激前后 p38MAPK在C6细胞中的表达强度和分布特征 .结果 :细胞周期结果显示 1,2和 4h后G1期细胞数分数各增多 0 .12 ,0 .2 1和 0 .19,而S期细胞数分数减少 0 .10 ,0 .14和 0 .15 ;各组的凋亡率分别是12 % ,4 9%和 34% ;未受刺激的细胞中 ,p38MAPK在胞质和胞核表达较弱 ;紫外线损伤作用 2h后 ,细胞核区的染色强度即明显增强 ,而胞质区域的染色强度相对降低 .结论 :C6细胞受紫外线损伤后可通过 p38MAPK通路发生凋亡. 【英文摘要】 AIM: To study the signal transduction of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase in rat glioma C6 cells after the stimulation of UV radiation. METHODS: Flow cytometry was applied to measure the fraction number changes in the cell cycle phase and to detect whether UV could induce apoptosis of C6 cells. The level and distribution of p38MAPK expression was examined by immunocytochemical method both before and after the UV radiation. RESULTS: Flow cytometry indicated that the numbers of G1 phase fraction of 1,...高等学校骨干教师计划资助 ;; 留学归国人员科研启动基金([1 999] 747号

Effects of transfected HSP70 on p38MAPK signal pathway

目的:探讨热休克蛋白 (HSP70 )在人胶质瘤细胞BT 32 5 p38MAPK信号通路中的作用。方法:用脂质体介导法将hsp70基因导入人胶质瘤细胞BT 32 5中 ,倒置显微镜观察转染细胞的形态学及粘附性变化 ,紫外线照射 30min后 ,采用免疫组化和Western blot方法测定转染前后HSP70的表达水平及照射前后 p38MAPK表达情况。结果:免疫组化和Western blot证实hsp70基因成功转染入BT 32 5中 ,转染细胞受到紫外线照射后 p38MAPK表达减弱。结论:体外转染hsp70基因可抑制紫外线照射后BT 32 5细胞 p38MAPK的表达. Objective To study the role of HSP70 in p38MAPK signal transduction of human glioma cells BT 325.Methods pBBS212 hsp70 gene was transfected into BT 325 cells by lipofectin. The morphological and adhesive changes of the cells were observed under an inverted microscope. The level of HSP70 was measured by immunohistochemistry. Then the transfected cells were put into ultraviolet (UV) for 30 minitues, and expression of p38MAPK and HSP70 were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods bo...国家自然科学基金资助项目 (30 1 0 0 2 1 8);; 高等学校骨干教师资助计划 (2 0 0 0 - 65 - 66);; 留学归国人员科研启动基金资助项目 (1 999- 747

Construction of the eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2-EGFP-Axin and its expression in glioma cells

目的:构建真核表达载体pIRES2EGFPAxin,并在神经胶质瘤细胞系C6中进行表达。方法:用PCR的方法扩增Axin基因,构建真核表达载体pIRES2EGFPAxin,经NheI及SalI双酶切鉴定并测序。通过脂质体法转染C6细胞,用荧光显微镜检测细胞中增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)的表达,用免疫组化染色的方法检测细胞中Axin的表达。结果:构建了真核表达载体pIRES2EGFPAxin,用脂质体法转染神经胶质瘤细胞C6后,经荧光显微镜和免疫组化染色法检测,可见细胞内有EGFP及Axin的表达。结论:成功地构建真核表达载体pIRES2EGFPAxin,并在神经胶质瘤细胞C6中表达,为研究Axin对肿瘤的生物学作用以及Axin在肿瘤基因治疗中的应用奠定了基础。国家杰出青年自然科学基金项目(No.30125012);; 军队医药卫生科研基金项目(No.02ma04);; 高等学校骨干教师及归国留学人员科研启动基金(No.1999747

Impact of p38MAPK and RGS16 to the apoptosis and cell cycle of the glioma C6 cells

目的　探讨p38MAPK和RGS16对大鼠胶质瘤C6细胞的生物学特性的影响 .方法　利用脂质体介导法将p38MAPK和RGS16基因分别或共转染导入C6细胞中 ;用p38MAPK抑制剂SB 2 0 2 190处理处于对数生长期的转染和未转染 p38MAPK的C6细胞 ,2 4～ 36h后在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态变化和贴壁情况 ;免疫细胞化学法检测转染前后p38MAPK和RGS16蛋白的表达情况 ;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化和细胞是否有凋亡发生 .结果　转染 pCMV5 p38和 /或pCMV5 RGS16质粒 36h后 30 %细胞贴壁性降低 ,突起收缩 ,细胞变圆 ;p38MAPK和RGS16蛋白均表达阳性 ;转染pCMV5 p38组出现 33.8%的凋亡峰 ,细胞周期结果显示G1期细胞百分数增加 17% ,而S期细胞百分数减少 14 % ;转染pCMV5 RGS16组无凋亡发生 ,细胞周期结果显示G1期细胞百分数减少 10 % ,而S期细胞百分数增加 14 % ;共转染pCMV5 P38和pCMV5 RGS16组未出现的凋亡峰 ,细胞周期结果显示G1期和S期细胞百分数变化与未处理组之间没有明... 【英文摘要】 AIM To study the effects of p38MAPK and RGS16 on the biological characteristics of glioma C6 cells. METHODS pCMV5 p38 and pCMV5 RGS16 were respectively or jointly transfected into C6 cells by lipofectin. SB 202190 was used to treat the transfected and nontransfected pCMV5 p38 C6 cells. The morphological and adhesive changes of the cells were observed under an inverted microscope. Expression of p38 and RGS16 was examined by immunocytochemical method both before and after the transfection. Flow Cytometr...高等学校骨干教师资助计划项目 ;; 留学归国人员科研启动基金项目 ([1 999] 747号

Effect of Exogenous RGS16 Gene Transfection on Growth of Glioma Cell Line C6

背景与目的:有研究表明野生型p53可以诱导RGS16表达,而RGS16可能与胶质瘤的发生有关。本研究旨在探讨RGS16基因转染对大鼠胶质瘤C6细胞生长的影响。方法:构建真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-RGS16,脂质体法转染C6细胞,经G418筛选后荧光显微镜观察细胞中增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhancedgreenfluorscentprotein,EGFP)的表达,RT-PCR证实RGS16的mRNA表达,免疫细胞化学方法检测细胞中RGS16蛋白表达。最后利用流式细胞仪、生长曲线、平板克隆形成等方法研究RGS16基因对胶质瘤细胞周期、生长及增殖的影响。结果:成功构建了稳定表达RGS16和表达空载体的细胞系C6-RGS16、C6-GFP。C6-RGS16、C6-GFP和C6经流式细胞仪检测S期的细胞比例分别为28.5%、18.9%和14.3%(P<0.05);生长曲线表明C6-RGS16生长的速度明显快于C6-GFP及C6,但其平板克隆形成率分别为12%、25%和25%(P<0.05)。结论:RGS16促进C6细胞周期从G1期向S期过渡,加快细胞生长速度,但是并不促进细胞克隆形成。军队医药卫生科研基金项目(No.02ma04)~