DNA polymorphism difference between root system and rhizosphere soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Prunus mume by AFLP analysis

应用巢式PCr并进行梅根系与根围土壤丛枝菌根真菌(ArbuSCulAr MyCOrrIHIzAl fungI,AMf)dnA扩增片段长度多态性(AMPlIfIEd frAgMEnT lEngTH POlyMOrPHISM,AflP)的差异比较,研究梅共生AMf的作用机理。结果表明,从18个梅品种的30个根围土壤样品中有28个样品获得纯化的dnA片段,占样品数93.3%,样品平均多态性位点数为6.5个,nEI’S基因多样性为0.3559±0.1382,SHAnnOn信息指数为0.5299±0.1676。与梅根系AMf dnA多态性比较,根围土壤的平均多态性位点数明显较多;且根系AMf的dnA多态性位点绝大多数存在于土壤AMf的dnA多态性位点中,表明根系内AMf是由土壤AMf发育而来;根系与根围土壤AMf dnA的聚类均与梅品种群、品种关联性不强,表明AMf对宿主梅品种或品种群没有特异的共生关系。DNA polymorphism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) in root system and those in rhizosphere soil of Prunus mume was analyzed through DNA amplification by nested PCR based on AFLP marker.The results show that the purified DNA can be extracted from 28 soil samples, accounting for 93.3% of totally 30 samples, collected from rhizosphere of 18 cultivars, averaging 6.5 loci for each sample.The average genetic identity was 0.3559±0.1382, Shannon information index was 0.5299±0.1676.The number of loci in rhizosphere soil was much more than that of loci in root sample, and most of loci in root sample could be found in soil sample.It was proved that the AMF in root might be developed from soil AMF.The clustered groups of AMF DNA by AFLP marker both from roots and from soils were not connected with cultivar groups or cultivars of P.mume, and indicated that there was no specific symbiotic relationship between AMF and P.mume.国家自然科学基金(30470006); 厦门市科技项目(3502Z20072010;3502Z20112004)~

AFLP analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots of Prunus mume

第一作者: 蔡邦平，博士，副研究员。主要研究方向: 园林植物与观赏园艺、植物菌根。电话: 0592--2039576 Email : cbangping@ 163.com 地址: 361003 福建省厦门市思明区虎园路25 号厦门市园林植物园。[中文文摘]为了解决梅根系共生的丛枝菌根(AM)真菌难以应用形态学鉴定的问题,以巢式PCR的AFLP方法研究梅根系AM真菌DNA多态性。试验采集梅花期的根系样品,应用改良CTAB法提取总DNA,经纯化处理后,应用巢式PCR扩增根系AM真菌基因片段,进行AFLP分析。结果表明,18个梅品种的30个根系样品中,仅有8个样品经巢式PCR后获得纯化的DNA片段,占试验样品数的26.7%;8个样品共得到指纹图谱带24条,各样品平均多态性位点数为3.0个,Nei’s基因多样性为0.4097±0.0848,Shannon信息指数为0.5968±0.0955;利用Nei’s遗传相似性系数聚类,梅品种根系内AMF基因组DNA的聚类类别与梅"品种群"这一分类级别无相关性。该试验为植物根系共生AM真菌DNA多态性研究提供了一种简便的技术。[英文文摘]DNA polymorphism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was analyzed through the method of DNA amplification by nested PCR based on AFLP marker,in order to solve the difficulty of identifying the species of AMF associated with mei flowers (Prunus mume Sieb.et Zucc.).A total of 30 root samples from 18 mei cultivars were collected in the flowering phase from Wuhan Mei Garden as experimental materials.The results show that the purified DNA can be extracted only from eight root samples that account for 26.7% of total root samples.Totally 24 polymorphic loci were obtained from eight sample roots，averaging 3. 0 loci for each sample.The average genetic identity was 0. 409 7 ±0. 084 8，and the Shannon information index was 0. 596 8 ± 0. 095 5． The clustered groups of AMF DNA by AFLP marker from different cultivars were not identical with cultivar groups of P.mume.The results indicate that the AFLP marker technology is a brief and effective method to study the DNA polymorphism for the AMF in the roots of a plant．教育部科学技术研究重点项目(104034);; 国家自然科学基金项目(30670047);; 厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20072010、3502Z20112004

Spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics of the coupling of urban resilience and green development efficiency in resource-based cities(资源型城市韧性水平与绿色发展效率耦合的时空分异特征)

Yellow River Basin is an important industrial belt for energy development in China with a large number of resource-based cities. However, due to the large-scale energy development and coal mining, Yellow River Basin has encountered the problems of fragile ecological environment, unreasonable resource allocation and low development quality. Nowadays, urban resilience construction and green development have become an important direction for transformation and development of resource-based cities in Yellow River Basin as the research object, this paper constructs the coupling mechanism between urban resilience and green development efficiency, and quantitatively measured the spatio-temporal pattern of coupling coordination between resilience and green development efficiency of 40 resource-based cities from 2010 to 2019 by using the physical coupling model. Based on the stochastic effects panel Tobit model, the coupling factors of resilience and green development efficiency of resource-based cities in Yellow River Basin are studied. The results show that: (1) The resilience construction of resource-based cities in Yellow River Basin has achieved remarkable progress with a steady growth trend. The green development efficiency reveals a "W" shaped fluctuation growth trend over time, and the overall growth efficiency is not significant. (2) The mean value of the system coupling degree between them fluctuates within the range of [0.7, 0.8], presenting a high coupling relationship. In addition, the degree of coupling coordination shows a trend of steady improvement over time. (3) The spatial heterogeneity of urban resilience, green development efficiency, and their coupling degree and coupling coordination degree are consistent, that is, resource-based cities in the middle and lower reaches are stronger than those in the upper reaches. (4) Government capacity, education input and population size have significant spatial differences on the impact of coupled coordinated development, while infrastructure, industrial structure and environmental regulation have spatial homogeneity. In the context of the national strategy of accelerating green transformation of resource-based cities, this study is of certain guiding significance for promoting resource-based cities to get rid of dependence on regional economic development path and high-quality development through resilience governance.(城市韧性建设和绿色发展已成为资源型城市转型发展的重要方向。以黄河流域资源型城市为研究对象，通过构建城市韧性水平与绿色发展效率的耦合机理，利用物理学耦合模型，定量测度了2009—2019年40个资源型城市的韧性水平与绿色发展效率耦合协调的时空格局；通过构建随机效应面板Tobit模型，探究黄河流域资源型城市韧性水平与绿色发展效率耦合的影响因素。研究发现：（1）黄河流域资源型城市韧性建设成效显著，呈稳步增长态势；绿色发展效率随时间呈“W”形波动增长态势，但总体增长效率不显著。（2）两者耦合度均值在［0.7，0.8］内波动，呈现较高的耦合关系；耦合协调度随时间呈稳步提升态势，从“濒临失调阶段”逐步过渡到“良好协调阶段”。（3）城市韧性水平、绿色发展效率，以及两者间的耦合度和耦合协调度的空间异质性具有一致性，即中下游资源型城市强于上游。（4）政府能力、教育投入和人口规模对耦合协调度的影响存在较显著的空间异质性，而基础设施、产业结构和环境规制的影响具有空间同质性。

中国被子植物濒危等级的评估

本文基于文献和标本信息收集以及专家提供的数据,运用IUCN濒危物种红色名录方法首次对中国范围内所有已知被子植物进行灭绝风险评估。结果显示,在评估的30,068种被子植物中,灭绝等级(含灭绝、野外灭绝、地区灭绝)共计40种;受威胁等级(极危、濒危、易危)3,363种,受威胁比例为11.18%。从空间分布看,我国受威胁被子植物主要集中分布在西南地区以及台湾、海南等岛屿,且主要分布在中低海拔地区。对受威胁物种的分析结果表明,包括原生植被破坏在内的生境丧失及破碎化是我国被子植物濒危的首要因子,涉及约84.1%的受威胁物种;过度采挖和物种内在系统问题位列致危因子的第二、三位,分别涉及38%和14%的物种。其他的致危因子包括外来入侵种在内的种间竞争、环境污染、自然灾害和全球气候变化等。一个物种的致危因子往往是多方面的。本次评估与2004年红色名录相比,生境变化、实施保护措施及分类学新修订使一些物种的濒危等级发生了变化,这也印证了红色名录是一个动态的系统,需要根据最新信息进行更新,以便为生物多样性保护提供实时准确的基础数据

中国高等植物受威胁物种名录

2008年,环境保护部和中国科学院联合启动了《中国生物多样性红色名录——高等植物卷》的编制工作。通过这项工作,我们依据IUCN濒危物种红色名录标准对中国野生高等植物的濒危状况进行了全面评估,编制了中国高等植物红色名录。2013年9月,该名录以环境保护部、中国科学院第54号公告形式发布,即《中国生物多样性红色名录—