Electrochemical Behavior of Vinyl Ethylene Sulfite as an Electrolyte Film-forming Additive in Lithium Ion Batteries

研究了具有不饱和双键和亚硫酸酯双官能团的乙烯基亚硫酸乙烯酯(VES)作为锂离子电池电解液成膜添加剂对中间相碳微球(CMS)和lIfEPO4电极电化学性能的影响.结果表明:在1MOl/llIClO4/PC电解液体系中,少量的VES(5%)能够在电化学过程中先于PC在CMS表面还原,形成稳定的SEI膜,明显抑制PC和溶剂化锂离子共嵌入石墨层间,改善了电池的循环性能.此外,电解液1MOl/llIClO4/PC+5%VES(V∶V)在lIfEPO4电极中展现出良好的电化学稳定性.A film-forming additive, vinyl ethylene sulfite (VES) with both vinylene group and sulfite group, affects the electrochemical performance of carbonaceous mesophase spherules (CMS) and LiFePO4 electrode.The results indicated that a small amount of VES (5%) could be reduced prior to the propylene carbonate (PC) solvent on the surface of CMS electrode in PC-based electrolyte to form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, so co-intercalation of PC and solvated lithium ions to graphite could be suppressed.Furthermore, the electrolyte of 1 mol/L LiClO4/PC+5%VES (V∶V) exhibited excellent electrochemical stability in the LiFePO4 electrode.国家自然科学基金(Nos.20473068;29985310);国家“973”计划(No.2007CB209702)资助项

铁硫二元团簇的产生及其紫外光解

用激光蒸发固体样品的方法产生了各种铁硫原子簇离子Fe_nS_m~+(n=1-13,m=1—13),并且用串级飞行时间质谱仪研究了这些团簇离子的紫外激光解离规律.实验发现,所有组成为m=n,m=n-1与m=n+5的离子均具有较大的丰度,表明它们具有较好的稳定性.各种Fe_nS_m~+离子的紫外光解结果显示出,当nn)离子的结构为在Fe_nS_n~+核心外围再键合上其他的S 原子

Electrochemical Behavior of Vinyl Ethylene Sulfite as an Electrolyte Film-forming Additive in Lithium Ion Batteries

A film-forming additive, vinyl ethylene sulfite (VES) with both vinylene group and sulfite group, affects the electrochemical performance of carbonaceous mesophase spherules (CMS) and LiFePO4 electrode. The results indicated that a small amount of VES (5%) could be reduced prior to the propylene carbonate (PC) solvent on the surface of CMS electrode in PC-based electrolyte to form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, so co-intercalation of PC and solvated lithium ions to graphite could be suppressed. Furthermore, the electrolyte of 1 mol/L LiClO4/PC+5%VES (V:V) exhibited excellent electrochemical stability in the LiFePO4 electrode

Screening of adjuvant enhancing cellular immune response induced by ESAT6-CFP10 fusion protein in mice

通讯作者：叶祥忠，E-mail：[email protected][中文文摘] 目的 筛选能增强特异性抗原早期分泌抗原靶6蛋白(Early secretory antigenic target6,ESAT6)-培养滤出液蛋白-10(Culture filtrate protein10,CFP-10)融合蛋白(E1C0)诱导小鼠细胞免疫应答的佐剂,建立基于细胞免疫应答的小鼠模型,以评价基于体外干扰素γ释放分析(IFNγrelease assay,IGRA)结核诊断方法中特异性刺激抗原E1C0的活性。方法 建立小鼠IFNγ双抗体夹心SABC-ELISA检测系统,并验证系统的线性、灵敏度、重复性和特异性。将BALB/c小鼠随机分为7组:E1C0+单磷酸类脂A(Monophosphoryl lipid A,MPL)+双十八烷基二甲基溴化铵(Dimethyl dioctadecylammonium bromide,DDA)组、E1C0+DDA组、E1C0+MPL组、E1C0+弗氏不完全佐剂(IFA)组、E1C0组、生理盐水组和MPL+DDA联合组,每组6只,经小鼠后肢内侧皮下免疫3次,间隔2周,免疫剂量为:E1C0100滋g/只,MPL25μg/只,DDA250μg/只,IFA100滋l/只。末次免疫4周后处死小鼠,无菌取脾,分离脾淋巴细胞,加入E1C0进行培养,MTT法检测特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应,ELISA法检测培养上清中IFNγ水平。采用筛选出的最佳佐剂与抗原组合免疫3批BALB/c小鼠,进行IFNγ诱生测定。结果 检测系统的线性范围为:40～2560pg/ml(R>0.98);灵敏度为40pg/ml;变异系数(CV)0.05)。结论 E1C0与MPL和DDA联合免疫所诱导的小鼠Th1型细胞免疫应答最强,成功建立了用于评价刺激抗原E1C0活性的小鼠模型。[英文文摘]Objective To screen the adjuvant enhancing the cellular immune response induced by early secretory antigenic target 6（ESAT6）-culture filtrate protein-10（CFP10）in mice, and establish an animal model based on cellular immunγe response for evaluation of activity of specific stimulating antigen E1C0 in IFNγ release assay（IGRA）for diagnosis of tuberculosis（TB）. Methods mDouble antibody sandwich SABC-ELISA system for mouse IFNγ was developed and verified for linearity, sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into seven groups, 6 for each, and immunized s.c. with E1C0 + monophosphoryl lipid A（MPL）+ dimethyl dioctadecylammonium bromide（DDA）, E1C0 + DDA, E1C0 + MPL, E1C0 + IFA, E1C0, physiological saline and MPL + DDA for 3 times, respectively, each at an interval of 2 weeks. The dosages of E1C0, MPL, DDA and IFA for immunization were 100 μg, 25μg, 250μg and 100 μl, respectively. The mice were killed 4 weeks after the last immunization, and their spleens were collected aseptically, from which splenic lymphocytes were isolated, cultured with E1C0, then determined for proliferation level by MTT method, and for IFNlevel in culture supernatant by ELISA. Three batches of BALB/c mice were immunized with the screened adjuvant combined with antigen, and determined for IFNγ induced. Results The linear range, sensitivity and CV value of developed SABC-ELISA system were 40 ~ 2 560 pg / ml（R > 0. 98）, 40 μg/ml and less than 15%respectively, by which all the detection results of IFN酌in rat, guinea pig and rabbit sera were negative. The stimulating indexox（SIs） of specific lymphocyte proliferation in E1C0 + MPL + DDA, E1C0 + IFA and E1C0 + DDA groups were significantly higher than those in physiological saline group （P < 0. 01）. The IFN酌level secreted by lymphocytes in E1C0 + MPL + DDA group after stimulation with E1C0 in vitro was significantly higher than those in other groups （P < 0. 001）. No significant differences were observed in IFNγ levels induced in 3 batches of mice in E1C0 + MPL + DDA group（P > 0. 05）. Conclusion The immunization with E1C0 in a combination with MPL and DDA elicited a strong Th1 cellular immune response in mice. Mouse model for evaluation of activity of E1C0 antigen was successfully established

不同预处理方法对玉米秸秆酶解和乙醇发酵的影响

研究不同预处理方法对玉米秸秆酶解和乙醇发酵的影响。比较玉米秸秆经粉碎、汽爆和水热3种预处理后酶解液葡萄糖含量、酶解率、乙醇得率以及发酵液中抑制物乙酸、糠醛和羟甲基糠醛的含量,对不同预处理方法进行评价。结果表明:水热超细玉米秸秆能有效提高酶解率,在固液比2:10,酶解48h时,生成葡萄糖含量为60.6g.L-1,纤维素酶解率为63.13%,并且产生的乙酸、糠醛和羟甲基糠醛的含量很低;以此水解液发酵生产乙醇,乙醇含量为28.29g.L-1,乙醇得率为46.68%,为理论乙醇得率的91.5%。说明采用水热超细秸秆可有效提高纤维素酶解率和乙醇得率

鄂尔多斯高原西南部清代旱灾研究

通过对鄂尔多斯高原西南部文献资料的搜集整理，研究了该区清代(1644 ~ 1911年)旱灾等级、年际变化、周期及成因等问题。结果表明：在清代(1644 ~ 1911年)的268年里，鄂尔多斯高原西南部共发生旱灾77次，平均3.48a发生1次。其中轻度旱灾、中度旱灾、大旱灾和特大旱灾各发生4次、65次、5次和3次，主要为中度旱灾，其他等级旱灾发生较少。研究区旱灾可分5个阶段，其中1644 - 1729年、1780 - 1809年、1860 -1911年为旱灾少发阶段，1730-1779年、1810 -1859年为旱灾多发阶段。总体来看，从清代早期到晚期，旱灾发生频次呈现增加的趋势。该区清代旱灾有4a、10a左右的短周期，30a左右的中周期和63a左右的长周期。研究区清代处于干冷气候期，年降水量减少和降水季节分配不均是发生旱灾的主要原因。研究区清代发生了3次干旱气候事件，分别在1757 ~ 1759年、1877 ~ 1878年和1908 ~ 1910年间，干旱气候事件对人们的生活和社会造成了严重危害。</p

玉米秸秆酶解条件优化

考察了玉米秸秆的酶解条件对纤维素酶解率的影响,分析了纤维素酶浓度、温度、pH、酶解时间和固液比对玉米秸秆酶解的影响,比较了分批加酶和分批水解两种方式的玉米秸秆纤维素酶解率。结果表明,采用纤维素酶水解玉米秸秆超细粉,对纤维素的酶解条件进行优化,确定最佳酶解工艺条件为:加酶量30U/g(对纤维素干重),固液比1∶10,温度55℃,pH 4.8,酶解时间48h;通过分批加酶和分批水解的方式可以提高酶解率,当加酶3次和分批水解3次时,酶解率分别达到了33.42%和27.50%

不同预处理方法对玉米秸秆酶解和乙醇发酵的影响

研究不同预处理方法对玉米秸秆酶解和乙醇发酵的影响。比较玉米秸秆经粉碎、汽爆和水热3种预处理后酶解液葡萄糖含量、酶解率、乙醇得率以及发酵液中抑制物乙酸、糠醛和羟甲基糠醛的含量,对不同预处理方法进行评价。结果表明：水热超细玉米秸秆能有效提高酶解率,在固液比2：10,酶解48h时,生成葡萄糖含量为60.6g.L-1,纤维素酶解率为63.13%,并且产生的乙酸、糠醛和羟甲基糠醛的含量很低;以此水解液发酵生产乙醇,乙醇含量为28.29g.L-1,乙醇得率为46.68%,为理论乙醇得率的91.5%。说明采用水热超细秸秆可有效提高纤维素酶解率和乙醇得率

肝素降解和低分子量肝素的制备

综述了化学法和酶法制备低分子量肝素的研究进展，化学法包括亚硝酸降解法，β－消去降解法，过氧化氢降解法，高碘酸降解法，硫酸－氯磺酸降解法，次氯酸降解法，酶法主要是肝素酶降解法，对各种制备低分子量肝素方法的特点进行比较，并对分子量测定方法和特点进行了讨论

肝素降解和低分子量肝素的制备

综述了化学法和酶法制备低分子量肝素的研究进展。化学法包括亚硝酸降解法、&beta; 消去降解法、过氧化氢降解法、高碘酸降解法、硫酸 氯磺酸降解法、次氯酸降解法。酶法主要是肝素酶降解法。对各种制备低分子量肝素方法的特点进行比较 ,并对分子量测定方法和特点进行了讨论