里山に生育する植物種のフェノロジーを基にした生物学的季節区分

Seasons are important factors for the activities of organisms, and biological seasons are one of the key factors for in situ studies of wild organisms. In this research, we determined biological seasons based on phenological pattern of local flora. We defined the study areas of 1km × 1km in rural Tokyo, Japan （under warm-temperate climate）, and the random number was used to extract study plant species from the local flora including herbs and woody species. Both reproductive and vegetative activities were studied （presence of leaves, flowers, and fruits）, and we used multivariate analyses to divide biological seasons. Five biological seasons were detected by a cluster analysis （TWINSPAN）; those were biological winter （season I, December to February）, biological early spring （season II, March）, biological spring （season III, April to early June）, biological summer （season IV, late June to early August） and biological autumn （season V, late August to November）. There were more number of biological seasons in the duration from the coldest to the warmest periods （biological spring and biological early summer）, than the duration from the warmest to the coldest periods （biological autumn）. Temperature was the key environment factor determining biological seasons around the cold period, but day length was the key between biological summer and biological autumn

COVID-19パンデミックがもたらした看護大学生・卒業生の意識と行動変容に関する研究

目的：COVID-19発生前後の意識・行動変容について看護大学生と卒業生を比較検討する。方法：「COVID-19が世界的に発生する前後の意識・行動変容について」尋ねたアンケートの回答を量的に分析し自由記述の内容を質的記述的に分析し学生と卒業生の比較を行った。結果：恐怖心と行動変容3項目，感染防御を目的とした行動変容2項目，ストレスと健康対策3項目，将来への不安と死生観3項目で有意差があった。学生は【医療従事者を目指す意識の向上】をさせ，卒業生は【医療従事者としての高い意識】を持ち，共に【感染予防に対する意識の向上】させ【生活の変化に対するストレス意識】しながら【社会の危機的状況に対する意識の変化】を感じていた。結論：学生，卒業生ともに自らが感染のリスクが高い状況にあり，感染に対する不安と恐怖を感じながらも，感染の媒介者とならないようにとの医療従事者及び学生としての高い意識を持ち，感染予防行動を行っていた。学生は，死生観に影響を与えられていた。Objective: To compare students and graduates in terms of consciousness and behavioral changes before and after the occurrence of COVID-19.Methods: Quantitative analysis of responses to a questionnaire that asks about changes in consciousness and behavior before and after the global outbreak of COVID-19, and qualitative descriptive analysis of free text content to compare students and graduates.Results: There were significant differences in three items of fear and behavior change, two items of behavior change for infection prevention, three items of stress and health measures, and three items of anxiety about the future and view of life and death. The students had [improved desire to become medical professionals], and the graduates had [high awareness as medical professionals], and together they had [improved awareness of infection prevention], [stress awareness of life changes], and [changed awareness of social crisis situations].Conclusion: Although students and graduates were in a situation where they themselves were at high risk of infection and felt anxiety and fear of infection they were highly conscious as health care workers not to become vectors of infection, and took preventive actions against infection. The students were influenced by their views on life and death

The development of \u27simultaneous posture\u27in acquiring daily actions by a person with cervical spinal cord injury : Longot : dinal observation of putting on socks action

We studied about development of putting on socks action performed by a patient with paralytic symptom in rehabilitation of ADL. Our purpose is to reveal what information are available to relearn and improve the action. Especially, it is important how he organized many movement into whole process of action and what patterns of action were used and selected, because we can find in these developmental aspects what information were explored and used to coordinate segments of body. We analyzed 5 videotaped actions over 6 months in these ways : time, number of sub-actions, organization of action process, variation of action patterns. Time decreased gradually, but number of sub-actions didn\u27t correspond to it. Organization of action process and variation of patterns showed that the patient explored posture supporting trunk and manipulation simultaneously and change of such posture varied some kinds of manipulation. These results suggest that putting on socks is based on this basic posture (\u27simultaneous posture\u27) and it is source of generating new patterns of actions