To Improve the Efficacy of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea

［文摘］1982年《联合国海洋法公约》自通过至今已经走过了近三十年,检视公约存在的不足,考察完善公约应遵守的原则及应采取的方式和机制,显得尤为必要。公约在海洋法上的宪章地位要求我们以整体海洋观审视公约,在海洋法的现有框架内与国际法的宏观架构下完善公约。鉴于公约自身规定的修正程序难以启动,通过外交协商及有关国际和区域组织的立法活动来统一国家实践仍不失为当前最为重要和有效的公约完善方式。同时,海洋的多重治理模式也要求进一步协调国际、区域组织和其他相关机构的行动,强化公约在国内的统一适用与有效执行。［Abstract］It has been nearly 30years since the adoption of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS) in 1982.This article seeks to examine The status of the Convention as it is currently implemented,identify its deficiencies,and explore the principles to follow and the approaches and institutional mechanisms to adopt to enhance its efficacy.The constitutional status of the Convention in the context of the law of the sea dictates that the Convention is viewed from the vantage point of the seas as a whole and its efficacy enhanced as part of the law of the sea and international law.As the amendment procedure prescribed in the Convention renders it difficult to activate,the most effective way to enhance the efficacy of the Convention is arguably through the standardization of state practices via diplomatic negotiations and legislation at the international and regional levels.Meanwhile,the multi-tierednature of the rule of the sea also calls for the cooperation among international and regional organizations as well as other related institutions,and the synchronization of their ac- tions,which will have the effect of strengthening the uniform application and effective implementation of the Convention across sovereign states

An experimental investigation on the burning charactistics of collision-merged diesel fuel droplets

本實驗主要以Ink-Jet printing method產生穩定的雙自由液滴，經碰撞形成多組份液滴後，進入高溫燃燒爐，觀察液滴在各種撞擊條件的結合情況及燃燒特性。實驗中第一部分以高級柴油(Diesel Fuel, Premium Grade)、Methanol(CH3OH)與不可燃性液體Water（H2O）為主，在不同的液滴尺寸、比例下，觀察其燃燒現象，第二部份則將H2O與CH3OH以各種比例預混，產生不同體積濃度之CH3OH液滴後再與柴油做碰撞燃燒，與第一部份做比較。 實驗結果發現，H2O與柴油撞擊燃燒後會有水滴微爆與熄滅兩種情況，微爆出現機率與H2O的體積大小成反比。CH3OH與柴油撞擊燃燒會產生劇烈且不穩定的微爆。H2O與CH3OH預混部分，發現甲醇體積濃度變化會影響到撞擊液滴的結合形式，並影響到燃燒情況。Experiment applies Ink-Jet Printing method to generate dual free droplet streams and collided along their path as they fall. Then the collided droplets will fall into the combustion chamber freely and some collision states and burning characteristics are investigated. We use diesel fuel, methanol, and water in the first part of this experiment, and use diesel fuel and water-methanol-premixture in the second part. Then we will compare the results of these two parts. According to the experiment results, the combustion states of water and diesel fuel are water droplet micro-explosion and extinction. The probability of the occurrence of micro-explosion will increase when the water droplet size decrease. In discussion on the diesel fuel and methanol we find strong and unstable micro-explosion. In the second part of this experiment, we find the difference of the concentration of water-methanol-premixture will affect the droplet collision and burning state.目 錄 誌謝………………………………………………………………………I 中文摘要………………………………………………………………II 英文摘要………………………………………………………………III 目錄……………………………………………………………………IV 圖表目錄………………………………………………………………VI 第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………1 1－1前言…………………………………………………………………1 1－2文獻回顧……………………………………………………………2 1－3研究動機……………………………………………………………4 第二章 實驗設備與步驟………………………………………………5 2－1 實驗設備…………………………………………………………5 2－2 實驗步驟及資料處理方法………………………………………11 第三章 基本理論………………………………………………………14 第四章 結果與討論……………………………………………………17 4－1水(H2O)與柴油(Diesel fuel)之撞擊、燃燒現象觀察………17 4－2甲醇(Methanol)與柴油之撞擊、燃燒行為觀察………………22 4－3甲醇和水預混後與柴油之撞擊、燃燒現象觀察………………23 4－4整理………………………………………………………………28 第五章 結論……………………………………………………………29 參考文獻………………………………………………………………30 附圖……………………………………………………………………32 附錄……………………………………………………………………8

Effect of Tension on Corrosion Behavior of Galvanized Steel Wire for Cable-Stayed Bridge

应用伏安极化法和中性盐雾腐蚀试验研究了张力作用下斜拉桥拉索镀锌钢绞线在5%NaC l溶液中腐蚀行为.腐蚀产物理化性质由XRD、TG-DTA等测试表征.结果表明,镀锌钢绞线的腐蚀电流,即腐蚀速率随试验前施加的张力增加而增大,其产生白锈的盐雾试验周期小于1,经15~22 kN张力作用后的镀锌钢绞线,产生红锈的盐雾试验周期为16,而经0、10 kN张力作用的钢绞线,产生红锈的周期则延长至23,钢绞线腐蚀产物主要是Zn5C l2(OH)8.H2O、Zn4(CO3)(OH)6.H2O和ZnO.Corrosion of steel wire in cables is a major cause of cable-stayed bridge deterioration.The corrosion behavior of galvanized steel wire at different tension is investigated by polarization voltammetry method and neutral salt spray test in 5%NaCl solution.The physical and chemical properties of corrosion products are characterized by XRD and TG-DTA.The result shows that the corrosion current or corrosion rate of galvanized steel wire is larger with increasing the tension,the white rust of galvanized steel wires at different tension appears within one cycle,the red rust appears after 16 cycles at 15~22kN tension,and 23 cycles at 0,10kN tension,and its corrosion products mainly consist of Zn5Cl2(OH)8·H2O、Zn4(CO3)(OH)6·H2O and ZnO.作者联系地址：重庆大学化学化工学院,重庆大学化学化工学院,重庆大学化学化工学院,重庆大学化学化工学院,重庆交通大学土木建筑学院 重庆400030,重庆400030,重庆400030,重庆400030,重庆400047Author's Address: 1.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China,2.School of Civil and Architecture,Chongqing jiaotong University,Chongqing 400047,Chin

病例180:78岁男性,头昏、周身乏力伴视物模糊1周

综合上述分析,面对这样一个同时合并大血管狭窄、心房颤动、蛋白尿、高Hcy的老年脑卒中个体,可以说,没有哪个指南和专家共识能够直接拿来指导治疗策略; 。必须综合考虑,权衡利弊,给予个体化的治疗。最终,拟将血压<150/90 mm; Hg作为该患者的目标血压。据此,给予联合应用beta受体阻滞剂、利尿剂和ARB进行治疗:美托洛尔缓释片23.75 mg,1次/d; +吲达帕胺2.5 mg,1次/d +坎地沙坦酯4; mg,1次/d,后坎地沙坦酯片加量至8mg,1次/d。患者2周后血压即控制在130~150/60~70 mm Hg,随访3个月,病情稳定