The Intersexual Differences of Sexual Dimorphism,Feeding Habits and Locomotor Performance at Different Temperatures of Southern Grass Lizard(Takydromus sexlineatus) in Zhaoqing,China

通过测量头、尾、体和胃检,研究肇庆南草蜥TAkydrOMuS SEXlInEATuS个体发育过程中两性异形和食性差异。南草蜥成体个体两性大小无显著差异,雄性头部显著大于雌性,两性头部大小异形可能是受到性选择压力的结果。雌雄个体食物生态位重叠度较高,两性生态位差异微弱,食性差异与两性头部异形无明显相关性。通过设计13种不同的环境温度,研究体温变化对南草蜥两性个体运动能力表现的影响。结果显示环境温度通过影响体温而影响南草蜥的运动表现,两性个体疾跑速均具有在低体温范围内随体温升高而加快、在高体温范围内随体温升高而降低的模式。在多数测试温度下,雄体的疾跑速均略大于雌体,但两者平均值在统计上无显著差异。体温对南草蜥的最大持续运动距离和停顿次数的影响显著,两性个体的疾跑速和最大持续运动距离呈显著正相关。雄性和雌性分别在26℃和30℃具有最佳的运动表现。Southern grass lizard( Takydromus sexlineatus) was collected from Zhaoqing,Guandong province to determine the sexual dimorphism and dietary habits by measuring the lengths of head,tail and body,and examining the items in the stomach.The results showed that there was no significant difference in body size.However,male individuals had significantly larger head size than females,which might be due to the divergent sexual selection pressure.A relatively high food niche overlap was observed between the sexes.There was little relationship between food habits and head dimorphism.By designing 13 different ambient temperatures,we determined the relationship between body temperature and locomotor performance of the adults.Ambient temperature affected locomotor performance by influencing the body temperature.Sprint speed increased with increasing body temperature at lower body temperature,while decreasing with increasing body temperatures at higher body temperatures,which was similar between the sexes.However,males ran slightly faster than females in most cases,but intersexual difference of sprint speed was not statistically significant.Body temperature also influenced the maximal move distance and pause times.Sprint speed was positively correlated with the maximal move distance.The optimal temperatures of locomotor performance differed between the sexes: about 26℃ for males and 30 ℃ for females,respectively.国家自然科学基金资助项目(31271124); 广东省自然科学基金(06300177); 广东省高等教育教学改革项目(粤财教[2012]361号); 大学生创新性实验计划项目(DC201316)共同资

The Intersexual Differences of Sexual Dimorphism,Feeding Habits and Locomotor Performance at Different Temperatures of Southern Grass Lizard(Takydromus sexlineatus) in Zhaoqing,China

通过测量头、尾、体和胃检,研究肇庆南草蜥TAkydrOMuS SEXlInEATuS个体发育过程中两性异形和食性差异。南草蜥成体个体两性大小无显著差异,雄性头部显著大于雌性,两性头部大小异形可能是受到性选择压力的结果。雌雄个体食物生态位重叠度较高,两性生态位差异微弱,食性差异与两性头部异形无明显相关性。通过设计13种不同的环境温度,研究体温变化对南草蜥两性个体运动能力表现的影响。结果显示环境温度通过影响体温而影响南草蜥的运动表现,两性个体疾跑速均具有在低体温范围内随体温升高而加快、在高体温范围内随体温升高而降低的模式。在多数测试温度下,雄体的疾跑速均略大于雌体,但两者平均值在统计上无显著差异。体温对南草蜥的最大持续运动距离和停顿次数的影响显著,两性个体的疾跑速和最大持续运动距离呈显著正相关。雄性和雌性分别在26℃和30℃具有最佳的运动表现。Southern grass lizard( Takydromus sexlineatus) was collected from Zhaoqing,Guandong province to determine the sexual dimorphism and dietary habits by measuring the lengths of head,tail and body,and examining the items in the stomach.The results showed that there was no significant difference in body size.However,male individuals had significantly larger head size than females,which might be due to the divergent sexual selection pressure.A relatively high food niche overlap was observed between the sexes.There was little relationship between food habits and head dimorphism.By designing 13 different ambient temperatures,we determined the relationship between body temperature and locomotor performance of the adults.Ambient temperature affected locomotor performance by influencing the body temperature.Sprint speed increased with increasing body temperature at lower body temperature,while decreasing with increasing body temperatures at higher body temperatures,which was similar between the sexes.However,males ran slightly faster than females in most cases,but intersexual difference of sprint speed was not statistically significant.Body temperature also influenced the maximal move distance and pause times.Sprint speed was positively correlated with the maximal move distance.The optimal temperatures of locomotor performance differed between the sexes: about 26℃ for males and 30 ℃ for females,respectively.国家自然科学基金资助项目(31271124); 广东省自然科学基金(06300177); 广东省高等教育教学改革项目(粤财教[2012]361号); 大学生创新性实验计划项目(DC201316)共同资

新的钌环丙烷化催化体系的探索（Ⅱ） 氮膦配体立体化学结构控制顺反比选择性的初步研究

本文研究了一个新的钌催化的苯乙烯环丙烷化反应催化体系。当该催化体系用三氟甲磺酸银预处理后其催化的环丙烷化反应产物的顺反比接近1：1，且顺式产物略微占优。这在环丙烷化反应中是不多见的。我们用分子力学／动力学对该催化体系进行了模拟。结果表明键能并非是决定产物顺反比的主要因素，但是对于非键能来说，由于中间体M1与苯乙烯作用生成顺式产物时的范德华作用非常强，它弥补了由静电能所引起的能量上的不利因素。所以总能量对生成顺式产物较为有利。但是由于生成顺式产物与反式产物的总能量差别不大（2．5kcal.mol^-1)，所以环丙烷化产物的顺反比接近1：1。这是氮膦配体立体化学结构控制产物选择性的结果

Study of Starch-base Degradable Plastics Ⅱ ──Accelerated Aging Test of PE Plastics Filled With Starch In Ultraviolet Light

[中文文摘]研究了光敏剂诱发ＰＥ光降解机理以及改性淀粉、顺丁烯二酸酐等对填充ＰＥ塑料相态结构的影响；紫外光加速老化过程中试样拉伸强度、断裂伸长率随组成、光照时间的变化关系；认为合理地协调各填充组分的用量和关系，可实现填充ＰＥ塑料紫外光降解性能的可控制性。[英文文摘]The mechanism of photodegradation induced by photosensitizer and the effect of the modified starch and maleic anhydride on the phase structure of PE plastics filled with starch were studied. The relationships of the tensile strength and elongation at rupture and with composition and lighting duration of PE plastics filled with starch were also discussed. The results suggested that the controllability of photodegradation of PE plastics filled with starch in ultraviolet light could be achieved through harmonizing the content and relation of filled components reasonably

Study of Starch- base Degradable PlasticsⅢ——Degraded Test In The Environment

[中文文摘]对所设计的可环境降解塑料进行了大量的现场环境降解实验 ,包括大气直接曝露老化试验和埋土降解试验 ,获得了许多有意义的结果 .结果表明 ,各填充组分与 PE组成的复合材料 ,经大气直接曝露老化后再埋土将使降解性能得到显著的体现 ,经对各填充组分的合理设计 ,可望获得时控光 /生物降解塑料.[英文文摘]A mass of degraded tests of the degradable plastics designed in these papers in the real environment including aging test in atmosphere and degraded test in soil were carried through, which provided a large number of first hand data, and some good degradation efficiency were observed from them. The tests indicated that the composite materials composed with various additives and PE plastics designed in this paper possessed better degradable performance when they were embedded into soil after being exposed in atmosphere than embedded into soil directly. It was achieved to control photo and biodegradable plastics through devising each filled component reasonably

Study of Starch-base Degradable Plastics I—— Physical Modification of Starch and Phase Structure of PE Filled with Starch

[中文文摘]研究了偶联剂对淀粉的物理改性 ,改性淀粉加入量对填充 PE塑料体系相态结构、力学性能的影响 ,认为偶联剂的加入量大于淀粉含量的 1.0 %时 ,可获得具有较好的对 L L DPE掺混性的疏水化改性淀粉 ;提出了物理改性淀粉、增容剂等填充 PE塑料多组份共混体系的“夹心面包”模型和Al3 + 与淀粉间的配位络合物模型.[英文文摘]Physical modification with coupling agent of starch and the effect of the content of the modified starch on the phase structures and the mechanical properties of PE Plastics filled with starch was studied.It is suggested that the hydrophobic modified starch in the nature of good compatibility with L LDPE can be obtained when the amountof coupling agent is more the1 .0% .The layer bread model of the multicomponent blended system of PE plastics filled with physical modified starch,compatilizer and so on, and the coordination complex model between Al3+ and Starch were proposed