Study on Environment-Benign HABs-Inhibitors Based on Allelopathy

摘要当前，有害藻类爆发现象是一个全球性问题，能导致水环境恶化、损害水体正常利用，而抑藻剂的开发与应用被认为是效果显著和极具潜力的应对措施之一。本研究论文以化感物质抑藻的新理念为基础，广泛发掘抑藻剂资源，结合生态安全性分析等进行系列的实验研究，研制出7种抑藻能力强的环境友好型抑藻剂，并探讨环境条件和吸附剂等对抑藻剂抑藻作用的影响。同时，还根据藻类的生理和生化性质进一步探讨抑藻剂的抑藻作用机理，为抑藻剂的科学应用提供理论依据。通过研究获得了如下主要结果：1、筛选出多种具有高效抑藻活性的材料根据化感作用原理，选择15种常见陆生植物为原材料进行抑藻实验，通过比较抑制率、抑制时间、抑藻浓度等参数，筛选出...ABSTRACT Nowadays, harmful algae blooms (HABS) is a worldwide phenomenon that has led to the deterioration of aquatic environments, prejudicing the many uses to which the water is put, and the development and application of algicides has been considered as one of the potential methods to control HABs availably. Based on the allelopathy and using algicidal test and ecological safety analysis of s...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_微生物学学号：B20042601

EFFECT OF ALEXANDRIUM TAMARENSE ON POPULATION DYNAMICS OF BRACHIONUS PLICATILIS

采用单个体培养方法研究有毒赤潮藻塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandriumtamarense)的细胞再悬浮液、细胞破碎液及其与亚心形扁藻(Platymonassubcordiformis)的混合藻液对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionusplicatilis)实验种群动态的影响.结果表明,塔玛亚历山大藻及其细胞破碎液延缓了褶皱臂尾轮虫的生长发育,使轮虫的生殖前期延长,生殖期及寿命缩短,特定年龄出生率降低,产卵量减少,从而导致轮虫生殖力下降,种群增长受阻.其中以塔玛亚历山大藻细胞再悬浮液对轮虫的影响最为显著,rm仅为0.1832d-1.图1表2参18The effect of a toxic dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense (strain ATHK) on the experimental population dynamics of the individual cultured rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis was studied. The experiment is divided into four treatments by culturing the rotifer in sand-filtered seawater with Platymonas subcordiformis as control;in sand-filtered seawater with A. tamarense cells as re-suspended treatment; in sand-filtered seawater with P. subcordiformis and broken A. tamarense as broken cells treatment; and in sand-filtered seawater with P. subcordiformis and A. tamarense as mixed cells treatment. The results showed that A. tamarense and its broken cells retarded the growth and development of B. plicatilis by prolonging its reproductive prophase, shortening its reproduction and life expectancy, reducing its natality in certain ages and decreasing the amount of spawned eggs. In all cases, the re-suspended A. tamarense cells produced the most significant adverse effect on the rotifer with the least r_ m (0.183 2 d -1 ). Fig 1, Tab 2, Ref 18教育部骨干教师基金项目;; 集美大学基金项目(C50209)资助~

塔玛亚历山大藻对卤虫干重及能值的影响

研究了有毒赤潮藻塔玛亚历山大藻Alexandrium tamarense对甲壳动物卤虫的干重及能值的影响。实验表明,经过18h的染毒实验,7 500尾卤虫Artemia parthenogenetica在水体中有塔玛亚历山大藻细胞或过滤液(细胞密度均为200cells.ml-1)存在的情况下,其总干重及总能值的增加明显受到抑制。卤虫总干重,对照组增加0.010 4g,而滤液组和藻细胞组均增加了0.002 2g,仅为对照组的21.1%;卤虫总能值,对照组增加0.143 5kJ,而滤液组和藻细胞组则分别增加0.018 0kJ和0.056 8kJ,分别为对照组的39.5%和12.5%。经SAS软件分析,塔玛亚历山大藻细胞对卤虫总干重的影响与对照组比较有显著性差异(p=0.037 0),而对其总能值增加则无显著差异(p=0.1251);而塔玛亚历山大藻过滤液对卤虫的总干重、总能值的增加与对照组都有显著性差异(p分别为0.021 5和0.013 5)。另外,无论是藻细胞或是过滤液对卤虫的比能值均无影响。有毒塔玛亚历山大藻使卤虫总干重减少可影响其他相关海洋动物的食物供给,而对卤虫能值的影响则表明毒藻可改变食物链中能量的传递效率,从而影响处于较高营养层的生物。研究还显示该藻的不利影响可出现在赤潮发生期及消退期,这为全面了解赤潮危害提供新的视角

塔玛亚历山大藻藻际细菌溶藻过程

海洋微藻在生长过程中向周围环境分泌多种胞外产物,形成细菌自由生长的藻际环境,藻际细菌对微藻的生长有一定的调控作用。在指数生长期的塔玛亚历山大藻培养液中加入φ为1%的2216E培养基,在加入2216E后16h内藻细胞全部裂解。用数码显微镜记录了藻细胞形态变化,分别用DAPI法和荧光模拟底物法测定了细菌数量、胞外酶活性变化,结果表明:在溶藻过程中细菌数量、胞外酶活性在第6小时到第10小时增加了50～100倍。塔玛亚历山大藻藻际细菌主要分布在藻细胞表面,其群落结构改变和数量剧增是溶藻的主要原因,细菌分泌的β-葡萄糖苷酶和几丁质酶可能在溶藻过程中起重要作用

以课题式实验教学提高学生科研兴趣和科研能力的探索——以“遗传学实验”为例

传统的实验教学多为验证性实验,实验结果可预测且大同小异,缺乏新意和挑战,对于拔尖学生来说如同鸡肋,因此在经典传统的实验教学中进行内容改革,提高难度势在必行。本文以遗传学实验中的经典实验模式生物果蝇为例,开展了课题式实验教学改革,以果蝇诱变为命题,大大激发了学生的科研兴趣,同时拓展了科学思维,培养了科研能力,体现了研究性学习的创造性和挑战性,是生物学实验教学改革的有益探索。“基础学科拔尖学生培养计划”研究课题(20180214,20170606

Effects of toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense on two unicellular algae

本文研究了塔玛亚历山大藻(ATCI01品系)细胞再悬浮液、细胞破碎液、上清液、藻壳液、过滤液对亚心形扁藻悬浮性的影响,以及塔玛亚历山大藻与亚心形扁藻和小球藻之间的相互作用.结果发现,含有塔玛亚历山大藻成分的实验溶液均能在短时间内造成亚心形扁藻失去鞭毛形成胞囊而下沉,其中再悬浮液的影响最大.但亚心形扁藻受到的这种不利影响,一般在一周后即开始恢复.小球藻生长几乎不受塔玛亚历山大藻的影响,混合培养水体中的小球藻生长曲线与单种培养的几乎一致,其悬浮性也无明显改变.与亚心形扁藻进行混合培养的塔玛亚历山大藻(ATCI01品系和ATHK品系)均表现出培养前期增殖曲线与单种培养类似,但在一周后混合培养的塔玛亚历山大藻的增殖曲线开始下降,这一时间恰好与扁藻细胞密度开始增加的时间相一致.而与小球藻的混合培养的塔玛亚历山大藻在培养前期与单种培养一致,后期则种群数量有所下降.The effects of a toxic dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense (strain ATCI01) on the suspension of Platymonas subcordiformis with its re-suspended cells, broken cells, cell contents, cellular fragments and free-cell medium were investigated, and the interaction in the growth between Alexandrium tamarense and Platymonas subcordiformis or Chlorella sp. was also studied. The results showed that cells of Platymonas subcordiformis cultured in the various treatments above-mentioned lost the flagellums, formed cystsand settled on the bottom of the flasks in short time, and the most obvious effect was observed in the re-suspended cells. However, the negative impact lasted onlya few days, and the cells of Platymonas subcordiformis recovered after a week. There was no obvious change in the growth curves for the suspension of Chlorella sp. whether it was in uni-culture or mixed-culture with Alexandriumtamarense. Moreover, the growth curves of ATCI01 and ATHK in uni-culture or (mixed-culture) with (Platymonas) (subcordiformis) were similar in prophase, but the curves of A. tamarense in mixed-culture declined a week later when the cell density of P.subcordiformis increased gradually. The same phenomina occurred in the A.tamarense culture mixed with Chlorella sp.教育部骨干教师基金资助项目;; 集美大学基金资助项目(C50209

铜对大鳞泥鳅幼鱼的毒性

本文用流水和换水式试验,在水硬度为115mg/L(以CaCO_3计)条件下研究了铜对大鳞泥鳅幼鱼生长和存活的影响。试验从刚孵出的幼鱼开始,流水式试验持续30d,换水式试验历时16d。结果表明,在流水条件下铜对泥鳅幼鱼存活有明显影响的可观察效应浓度最低是41.2μg/L,而无可观察效应浓度则为25.2μg/L。根据对现存量的影响,用换水式试验测得铜的最低可观察效应浓度为38μg/L,无可观察效应浓度是19μg/L

后疫情时代高等教育国际化途径思考与探索

新冠疫情使全球高等教育国际化进程面临种种压力与挑战。在中国坚持扩大教育对外开放的顶层设计下，高校应该“在危机中育新机、于变局中开新局”，主动服务国家战略，着眼国际化教育的提质增效和内涵发展，深化教育国际合作，积极从不同文明中寻求智慧、汲取营养，以更加开放共享的理念构建人类命运共同体，探索、创新高等教育国际化的方式、途径，加大政策支持与激励，激发广大学生参与国际化教育的热情，着力培养一批立足中国、胸怀世界，具有宽广国际视野的国家栋梁。</jats:p