Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Biochar/Sulfur Composites as Cathode Materials for Lithium-Sulfur Battery

单质硫具有资源丰富、无毒、廉价等优势，能提供高达1675mAh/g的理论容量，以硫和金属锂构建的锂硫电池能量密度为2600Wh/kg。但由于硫及其放电产物导电性差，中间产物多硫化锂的溶解及体积膨胀等问题，导致电极的活性材料利用率低和循环性差，限制了其应用。通过碳材料的引入可以获得导电复合材料，抑制多硫化物的穿梭，从而实现硫正极材料的高效利用；从生物质衍生而来的生物碳更具有简单易得，价格低廉，便于规模化，环保，资源可再生等优点，因此本文为以生物碳材料为主线，以制备电化学性能优良的锂硫电池硫碳复合正极材料为主旨，开展了以下研究： 1．分别以稻壳、芒草、杉木、柚子皮和木屑五种生物质为原料，利用高温...Sulfur possesses a theoretical capacity of 1672 mAh/g, as well as advantages of natural abundance, non-toxic and low cost, when used as the cathode for lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries. The energy density of Li-S battery can reach up to 2600 Wh/kg. However, the practical application of Li-S battery is hindered by several fundamental problems, such as the low electron conductivity of sulfur and its r...学位：理学硕士院系专业：能源研究院_能源化学学号：3242012115213

不同生物炭材料的制备及其在Li-S电池中的应用（英文）

通过可再生生物质制备的生物炭具有成本低、环保和资源可再生的优势。本研究以分布广泛的稻谷壳、芒草、杉木和柚子皮等生物质为原料,制备了4种不同类型生物炭,然后研究了其作为锂-硫电池硫/碳正极的载体的性能。研究表明由稻谷壳制备的硫/生物炭正极材料表现出最高的比容量和最优的循环稳定性。为了进一步改善其电性能,以SiO溶胶为模板制备了具有高孔隙率的稻谷壳生物炭,其多孔结构可有效抑制多硫化物的溶解。由此得到的硫/生物炭（硫含量为60%（w,质量分数））材料中的硫以无定型态均匀地分散在碳载体中。该材料表现出更优异的电化学性能:在0.2C(1C=1675 m A?g)倍率下,首周放电容量为1534.1 mAh?g,循环100周后仍可保持在783.7 mAh?g;倍率性能测试中,在2.0C倍率下,材料的可逆容量为485.3 mAh?g。supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21373008)；Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(20720160124)~~

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene in the presence of HCl over CeO_2-based catalysts

报道了一种HCl存在时温和条件下的乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯催化转化新途径.研究发现,在多种金属氧化物催化剂中,CEO2呈现最佳乙烯生成的催化性能.与纳米粒子相比,具有棒状和立方体状形貌的CEO2纳米晶具有较高的乙烷转化率和乙烯选择性.以MnOX修饰CEO2可进一步提高催化性能.在8 WT%MnOX-CEO2催化剂上,723 k反应2 H时乙烷转化率和乙烯选择性分别为94%和69%.该催化剂性能稳定,反应100 H乙烯收率可保持在65%–70%.HCl的存在对乙烯的选择性生成起着至关重要的作用,一部分乙烯来自于氯乙烷的脱HCl反应.This article reports a new catalytic route for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene in the presence of HCl at moderate temperatures.CeO2 was found to be the most efficient catalyst for the production of ethylene from the variety of metal oxides examined in this work.CeO2 nanocrys‐tals with rod and cube morphologies showed higher ethane conversions and ethylene selectivities than CeO2 nanoparticles.The modification of CeO2 by MnOx further enhanced the catalytic perfor‐mance.Ethane conversion of 94% and ethylene selectivity of 69% were obtained after 2 h of reac‐tion at 723 K over an 8 wt% MnOx-CeO2 catalyst.This catalyst was stable and the ethylene yield could be sustained at 65%–70% over 100 h of reaction.The presence of HCl played a key role in the selective production of C2H4, and some of the C2H4 was probably formed from chloroethane by de‐hydrochlorination.supportedbytheNationalBasicResearchProgramofChina(973Program;2010CB732303); theNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(21033006); theProgramforChangjiangScholarsandInnovativeResearchTeaminUniversity(IRT1036)~

火灾下部分包覆钢-混凝土组合构件升温数值模拟分析

为研究部分包覆钢-混凝土组合（steel-concrete partially encased composite，PEC）构件火灾下的传热性能，首先采用PEC构件标准火灾试验验证了二维有限元模型，然后对火灾下带有防火保护的PEC构件的升温过程及主要影响参数进行研究分析。研究表明，不同防火保护条件下，PEC构件H型钢腹板最高点温度均位于翼缘与腹板交点处，PEC构件截面温度最高点位置均位于翼缘端部。H型钢截面形状系数、翼缘厚度、腹板厚度以及H型钢高度、宽度等参数对PEC构件升温均有影响，其中影响较大的是翼缘厚度与H型钢宽度。通过将H型钢标准规格截面进行分组模拟，计算PEC构件在标准升温条件下所需防火层厚度，给出不同防火保护措施及不同耐火极限下，PEC构件防火层建议厚度设计值

新型电荷型纳米盘的可控制备及其与细胞色素p450的结合性能

分别采用氮气吹干法和旋转蒸发法制备由磷脂和膜支架蛋白组成的电荷型纳米盘,用凝胶过滤色谱对其尺寸分级,分析了其性能,考察了其与肝微粒体细胞色素P450的结合能力。结果表明,纳米盘外观澄清透明,微观呈圆盘状,平均直径10 nm,在pH 7.4下Zeta电位为-19.86 mV;肝微粒体破碎液与纳米盘能很好结合,CO差示光谱在450 nm出现明显吸收峰,细胞色素P450含量为0.10 nmol/mg,比活比未经纳米盘处理时提高13.0倍,较传统方法提升1.5倍,且操作时间由数日缩短至数小时。电荷型纳米盘在结合膜蛋白细胞色素P450的同时,活性保持良好,在膜蛋白研究领域极具应用潜力

Preparation and Lithium Storage Performance of Sn-SnSb Nanoparticles

锂离子电池Sn负极材料有较高的比容量，但其容量随周期循环急剧衰减. 若Sn与Sb形成SnSb合金可以改善其循环性能. 本文采用有机液相还原方法制备了球形Sn-SnSb合金纳米粒子，其首周期循环充电容量1235.9 mAh·g-1，放电容量为785.9 mAh·g-1，经过50周的循环之后其放电容量保持在409.2 mAh·g-1，表现出较好的循环性能.Tin was widely studied as alternative anode material to carbon for lithium-ion batteries thanks to its much higher theoretical capacity. However, a pure tin electrode suffers severely from its poor cycleability due to mechanical fatigue caused by volume change during lithium insertion and extraction processes. Tin-based alloy may improve the cycleability property of tin electrode. In this article, we report facile synthesis of spherical Sn-SnSb nanopartciles using a simple solvent-thermal approach. It is amazing to find that the spherical Sn-SnSb nanoparticles can circumvent volume changes effectively during charge-discharge process. Electrochemical discharge/charge results show that the spherical Sn-SnSb nanoparticles electrode exhibits much better cycleability than pure Sn electrode, with first charge capacity and discharge capacity of 1235.9 and 785.9 mAh·g-1, respectively. After 50th cycling, the discharge capacity is 409.2 mAh·g-1.国家自然科学基金项目（No. 21273184）、科技部863计划项目（No. 2011AA11A254）和国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（No. 2009CB220102）项目资助作者联系地址：1. 厦门大学化学化工学院化学系，福建 厦门 361005；2. 厦门大学能源研究院，福建 厦门 361005Author's Address: 1. Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005; 2. School of Energy Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

偏瘫患者下肢康复机器人的研究进展

随着科技水平的不断进步,人们生活水平和医疗水平均在不断地提高,而伴随着老龄化日趋严重,脑卒中偏瘫患者也因此剧增,康复治疗需求也增长。与传统康复训练对比而言,机器人辅助疗法稳定性高,且可反馈运动信息,实用价值很大。基于此,本研究介绍了近年来偏瘫患者下肢康复机器人及其所用的运动检测系统在国内外的研究现状,并对康复机器人的发展趋势进行了阐述