传播的艺术:中美比喻说服的逻辑间距

比喻是传播中广泛使用的一种艺术.比喻中本体和喻体之间的关系体现了中美文化不同的思维方式.相对而言,中国比喻典型为直觉推理,美国比喻典型为形式逻辑.对中关大学生施测的结果,对两种比喻类型,整体思维高的中国大学生更易理解直觉推理比喻;分析思维高的美国大学生更易理解形式逻辑比喻.对中国大学生的思维方式启动实验表明,思维方式可以通过相关材料启动,并可以影响到广告中比喻的说服效果.启动整体思维的材料尚需进一步的研究.国家自然科学基金项目“东西方不同文化思维方式对广告说服的影响”(项目(71372076)的研究成果

超声引导间质性激光动力学疗法治疗肝癌新方法

超声引导间质性激光动力学疗法治疗肝癌新方法福建医学院附属二院邮政编码362000吕国荣，陈骥厦门大学抗癌研究中心曾超英，杨栋，黄萍有关超声引导间质性激光动力学疗法治疗肝癌国内外尚未见报道。本文报道11例采用该技术临床应用的经验并探讨其临床应用价值。原...福建省85攻关项

Long-term Follow-up Results of 70 Liver Cancer Cases Received Ultrasound Guided Percutaneous PDT

目的　分析光动力治疗肝癌的临床表现和远期疗效 ,探讨疗效影响因素和治疗适应证 ,为临床推广应用提供参考数据。方法　肝癌患者 70例 ,其中小肝癌 2例 ,大肝癌 6 8例。均经B超、CT定位 ,甲胎蛋白 (AFP)定量 ,病理组织学确诊。治疗前 48h ,患者行血卟啉衍生物 (HpD)皮试 ,阴性者按每公斤体重 5mg静脉给药。治疗时 ,在B超引导下 ,用 18G肝穿针经皮穿刺将石英光纤引导入肝肿瘤内进行光辐照。激光器为氩离子激光泵浦染料激光器系统 ,激光波长 6 30nm ,光纤末端为 1cm长柱状弥散头 ,输出功率 30 0～ 35 0mW ,每一照射点能量累积约 2 2 0J,肿瘤内实行多点照射。治疗后 1周 ,检查血常规、肝功能、AFP及B超 ,一个月后 ,行肝穿活检。多次治疗间歇时间为 1个月。结果　 70例肝癌行 170次治疗 ,其中接受 1次治疗 30例 ,多次治疗 40例。 1次治疗组 1年生存率 10 % ,无生存 2年者 ;2次治疗组 1年生存率 5 0 % ,2年以上生存率 8% ;3次以上治疗组 1年生存率 82 % ,2年生存率 5 0 % ,3年生存率 32 % ,其中 3例存活5年以上。全组只有 18%的患者出现治疗后短期内一过性ALT、AST轻度升高 (<5 0U)和TBIL轻度升高 ,余未见明显异常。随访患者 1～ 5年 ,未见肝功能远期受损。病人接受治疗后 ,只有 17%出现低热 3～ 4天 ,30 %的Objective To investigate the long-term follow-up results of ultrasound-guided percutaneous PDT for liver cancer and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this technique. Methods 70 patients with liver cancers, including 2 small tumors and 68 large tumors, were examined by ultrasound, CT, AFP assay, and diagnosed by histopatholopy of needle biopsy. The patients received injection of hematoporphyrin derivative(HPD) i.v. in a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight 48 h prior to laser irradiation. An argon laser pumped dye laser system was used to give a CW laser beam at 630 nm. The light beam was split and coupled into three optical fibers. An ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver puncture was performed and optical fibers were inserted into the tumors via 18G needles. Efforts were made to ensure that irradiation points were distributed in entire tumor volume and a light output of 300～350 mW for 12 minutes per point was used. The patients were examined with routine blood test, liver functions, AFP assay and USG at one week after treatment. A month later they were reexamined by needle biopsy and received next PDT treatment. Results Total 170 treatments were performed in the 70 patients. Among them 30 cases were treated for only once, 12 cases twice, 12 cases 3 times, and 16 cases 4 times or more. All 70 cases were followed up for 1-5 years. The results showed that multiple treatment is more effective than single treatment. The 1-, 2-and 3-years survival rate was 10%, 0, 0 in the group by single treatment, respectively, 50%, 8% and 8% in the group treated twice, and 82%, 50% and 30% in the group treated by 3 or more time, respectively. Three patients from the last group have already been surviving for longer than 5 years. Slight increase of ALT, AST and total bilirubin occurred in only 18%, and mild fever occurred in 17% of the 70 cases for 3-4 days shortly after PDT treatment. No severe complications due to PDT such as severe hemorrhage after liver puncture, hepatic failure, biliary peritonitis or long-lasting liver dysfunctions were observed in our group. Conclusions Photodynamic therapy is effective and safe for the treatment of liver cancers including those following hepatic resection or those failed after embolic chemotherapy by hepatic artery infusion. However, we would suggest that single PDT treatment is not enough and repeated PDT treatments are recommended in order to obtain a significant therapeutic effect to patients with large liver cancers.福建省“95”重点科技项

Ultrasound Guided Percutaneous PDT For Advanced Liver Cancer A Report of 30 Cases

为探讨治疗中晚期肝癌的理想方法，扩大和发展光动力疗法，自1994年6月起，我们应用光动力疗法（PdT）治疗中晚期肝癌30例，其中肝细胞癌28例、腺癌2例。肿瘤直径7~10CM的13例、10CM以上至16CM的17例。伴肺转移5例、骨转移5例、门静脉或腔静脉浸润4例。首次治疗19例、其他方法治疗无效或复发者11例。本研究采用氩激光泵浦染料激光器系统，获得630nM波长的连续波治疗光。光敏剂选用血卟啉衍生物（HPd）。治疗时通过b超引导经皮肝穿，将光纤导入肿瘤组织中布点照射。治疗后未见肝功能明显损伤，未出现肝穿出血、腹膜炎等严重并发症，没有一个月内病情恶化者。有14例患者只作一次治疗，其中5例出院后失访；另9例肿瘤部分缓解率为22%。16例患者接受二、三次治疗，肿瘤部分缓解率达到62%。随访病例中有8例已存活1年以上。patients with advanced liver cancer were treated by interstitial photodynamic therapy (PDT).These included 28 hepatocellular carcinoma and two adenocarcinoma, 19 primary tumors and 11 recurred Following other treatments.The diameter of tumors were 7 10 cm in 13 cases and 10 16 cm in 17 cases.In this study, an argon laser pumped dye laser system was used to give a CW laser beam at 630 nm which was split and coupled into three optical Fibers.The patients received injection of photosensitizer of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) i.v.at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight 48 h prior to laser irradiation.Then the Fibers were inserted into tumor by ultrasonic visualization guided percutaneous liver puncture.The inserted irradiation points were spaced in entire tumor volume and the tumor was irradiated with a light output power of 300 mW For 12 minuts per point.Totally 52 treatments were perFormed in 30 patients.Among them, 14 cases were treated by only one time and 16 cases 2 or 3 times.The Follow up were carried out in 25 cases For 3 18 months.The results show that signiFicant remission was 22% (2/9) in those patients by only one treatment and 62% (10/16) in those by 2 or 3 treatments.The reduction rate of tumor size was over 90% in Five out of six cases aFter 3 treatments.8 patients have been surviving over one year.No obvious change was Found in all patients examined by liver Function test, renal Function test and blood routine examination.The level of AFP depicted a descending tendency aFter PDT.Our Findings indicate that PDT is eFFective and saFe For the treatment of large liver cancers including those recurred Following hepatic resection and those Failed in hepatic artery inFusion embolic chemotherapy.福建省“八五”攻关资

中国医务人员医疗标准执行现况及影响因素调查

目的调查我国医务人员医疗标准执行现况及其影响因素,进而了解标准未完全执行的原因。方法采用多阶段分层抽样法,通过实地和网络问卷调查相结合的方式,根据国家统计局地区划分标准,共招募了中国东部、中部、西部和东北4个地区共抽取10375名医务人员填写问卷。结果中国医务人员自我报告的对专业范围内已发布的标准执行率为82.2%。样本医务人员对医疗标准执行率上存在地区(Wald=10.973,P<0.05)、机构级别(Wald=95.052,P<0.01)以及标准认可程度(Wald=689.166,P<0.01)间存在差异。结论中国医务人员对所在专业范围内已经发布的相关标准的自我报告执行程度较高。国家卫健委医疗相关标准调查(2018-65

单环刺螠(海肠)研究概述与产业发展的思考

Urechis unicinctus, an economic marine invertebrates in China, South Korea and Japan, is one of the delicious marine food-materials with a long history. However, the natural resources of it has being gradually reduced due to the habitat destruction and over-harvesting. In recent years, extensive progress on the artificial breeding and cultivation of Urechis unicinctus have being made, which laid the foundation for protection and utilization of the bioresource. In this paper, the process of studies on bioactive substances identified from Urechis unicinctus is summarized, and the feasibility of industrial utilization is discussed.</p

Preparation and application of urechis unicinctus self-dissolving enzyme

本发明属于生物制品技术领域，具体涉及一种单环刺螠自溶酶的制备及应用。取单环刺螠内脏用无菌水清洗并匀浆，加入PBS进行浸提，置于低温环境下静置过夜后离心收集上清；用饱和硫酸铵溶液在低温环境下梯度沉淀得到蛋白质沉淀，用PBS缓冲液重溶后，透析得到自溶酶粗酶溶液；粗酶溶液经柱层析分离纯化得单环刺螠自溶酶。通过本方法制备得到的单环刺螠自溶酶有良好的和热稳定性能，对小球藻等藻类细胞具有良好的破壁效果，可以运用到水产动物及加工副产物中活性物质的提取，以及包含藻类在内的食品生产加工中，从而提升降解效果，降低生产成本

钝体射流火焰及其点火过程的大涡模拟

钝体燃烧器广泛应用于航空发动机、燃气轮机、锅炉等设备的燃烧室中.对其点火过程的了解和控制直接关系到设备的安全运行和污染物排放等重要问题.我们采用基于火焰面/过程变量燃烧模型的大涡模拟方法对湍流非预混钝体射流火焰及其点火过程进行了详细的数值模拟.以Sydney钝体燃烧器的无反应射流和有反应甲烷/氢气(CH_4/H_2)火焰为研究对象,首先通过统计平均的数值结果与实验测量及文献数据的对比,全面检验了所用数值方法和燃烧模型;随后,详细展示了钝体燃烧器点火和火焰发展的瞬态过程;最后,对钝体射流的点火过程进行了细致的分析和表征.根据温度峰值、羟基(OH)质量分数和甲醛(CH_2O)质量分数峰值随时间的变化表征了强制点火过程的4个阶段:点火源衰减、点火触发、点火核生成和点火成功.其中,点火核驻留的空间位置位于钝体燃烧器冷态流场外侧涡的尾部回流区域附近