Similarities and differences in metabolites of tongue cancer cells among two- and three-dimensional cultures and xenografts.

Metabolic programming of cancer cells is an essential step in transformation and tumor growth. We established two-dimensional (2D) monolayer and three-dimensional (3D) cultures, the latter called a "tissueoid cell culture system", using four types of tongue cancer cell lines. We also undertook a comprehensive metabolome analysis of three groups that included xenografts created by transplanting the cell lines into nude mice. In addition, we undertook a functional analysis of the mitochondria, which plays a key role in cancer metabolism. Principal component analysis revealed the plots of the four cell lines to be much narrower in 2D culture than in 3D culture and xenograft groups. Moreover, compared to xenografts, the 2D culture had significantly lower levels of most metabolites. These results suggest that the unique characteristics of each cell disappeared in 2D culture, and a type of metabolism unique to monolayer culture took over. Conversely, ATP production, biomass synthesis, and maintenance of redox balance were shown in 3D culture using sufficient nutrients, which closely resembled the metabolic activity in the xenografts. However, there were several differences between the metabolic activity in the 3D culture and xenografts. In vivo, the cancer tissue had blood flow with stromal cells present around the cancer cells. In the xenografts, we detected metabolized and degraded products in the liver and other organs of the host mice. Furthermore, the 3D system did not show impairment of mitochondrial function in the cancer cells, suggesting that cancer cells produce energy simultaneously through mitochondria, as well as aerobic glycolysis

超声波空化作用时间对水煤浆流变特性影响的研究

介绍了超声波空化作用机理,研究了超声波不同空化作用时间对水煤浆流变特性的影响,随着空化作用时间的增加,水煤浆表观粘度升高,粒度变细,温度升高,而最终结果是多种因素影响后而体现出的综合结果

超声波空化作用时间对水煤浆流变特性影响的研究

介绍了超声波空化作用机理,研究了超声波不同空化作用时间对水煤浆流变特性的影响,随着空化作用时间的增加,水煤浆表观粘度升高,粒度变细,温度升高,而最终结果是多种因素影响后而体现出的综合结果