The Ecophysiological Effect Research of Heavy Metal Zn and Cd on Mangrove Kandelia candel (L.) Druce Seedlings

本文通过土培试验方法，研究不同浓度Zn、Cd复合胁迫处理对红树植物秋茄（Kandeliacandel(L.)Druce）幼苗生长及生理生态效应的影响。对秋茄幼苗萌发、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、抗氧化酶系统、MDA含量、秋茄幼苗各组分Zn和Cd含量与富集系数等生理特性方面随Zn、Cd复合处理梯度发生的变化进行了系统的研究，进一步探讨了红树植物抗重金属生理生态学适应机制。研究结果如下：1同一Zn水平上，秋茄的萌苗随Cd浓度增加而先增加后下降。同一Cd水平上随Zn浓度增加趋于下降。各处理组均未发现个体死亡现象，成活率达100%。2同一Zn水平上，秋茄幼苗的高度生长随Cd浓度增加趋于下降,100mg...In this paper, the soil-cultivated Kandelia candel (L.) Druce seedlings were treated with various contents of Cd and Zn, and the effects on the physiological properties were measured. Hypocotyl germination and growth, chlorophyll content, soluble protein, antioxidase membrane protection system, MDA content, Zn、Cd absorption accumlation character were observed to inquire into the ecophysiological r...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_生态学学号：2005130214

Research on Crime of Environmental Pollution

《刑法修正案（八）》对刑法第三百三十八条“重大环境污染事故罪”做了较大修改。修改后的该条规定：“违反国家规定，排放、倾倒或者处置有放射性的废物、含传染病病原体的废物、有毒物质或者其他危险废物，严重污染环境的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处罚金；后果特别严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。”同时，根据《关于执行确定罪名的补充规定（五）》，修改后本罪的罪名被确定为污染环境罪。从而使得这一个罪以新的面貌出现在公众的视野内。这既是刑法体系自发性的内在完善，也是对近来频发的严重环境污染事件的一种回应。立基十余年的立法沉淀，这一修改不但水到渠成，而且意义深远。 为了讨论修正之后的刑法...The Eighth Criminal Amendment made bigger modification and adjust to the Article three hundred and thirty-eight, “A person who, in violation of the state’s regulations, discharges, dumps or disposes radioactive wastes, wastes carrying infectious pathogens, poisonous substances or any other dangerous substances, thus causing a serious accident of environmental pollution, shall be sentenced to fixed...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：1302009115039

镉胁迫下红树林沉积物中水溶性有机物的变化

在温室条件下采用根箱法,研究了在不同浓度镉(Cd, 0～50 mg kg- 1 )胁迫下红树植物秋茄幼苗生长的土壤 中水溶性有机碳(DOC)和水溶性有机氮(DON)的浓度变化. 研究表明,秋茄沉积物中DOC和DON含量随Cd胁迫浓 度的增加出现不同程度先降后升再降的趋势, DOC含量在土壤Cd处理浓度为10 mg kg- 1和30 mg kg- 1时分别达到谷 值(01134 mg g- 1 )和峰值(01190 mg g- 1 ). 除了R5层(30 mg kg- 1 Cd处理时DOC含量高于对照组) ,其他土层的对照 组DOC含量均高于Cd处理组的DOC含量. DON含量在土壤Cd处理浓度为5 mg kg- 1和20 mg kg- 1时分别达到谷值 (01075 mg g- 1和01081 mg g- 1 ) ,在10 mg kg- 1和30 mg kg- 1时分别达到峰值(01117 mg g- 1和01138 mg g- 1 ). 这表明 沉积物中的DOC和DON在低浓度的Cd胁迫下可与Cd相互作用,降低Cd的有效性,反映秋茄对低浓度的Cd有一定 的抵抗能力. 高浓度的Cd胁迫可能刺激秋茄根系分泌和改变土壤微环境. 与非根际层土壤相比,根际层的DOC和 DON含量较高

Research on Three-phase UPS with Unbalanced Load

三相电压的对称输出是衡量交流电源性能的一个重要指标。提出了一种新型的三相UPS逆变器系统,利用Δ/Z0型变压器为三相不平衡负载造成的零序电流分量提供通路,再通过设计正、负序双PI控制器抑制不平衡负载中负序电压分量。从而解决零序电压和负序电压造成的三相电压不平衡问题,使该三相UPS逆变电源系统可带三相不平衡负载。试制一台60k VA的三相UPS样机,并给出实验结果。The balanced output of three-phase voltage is an important index to measure the function of alternating current.In order to obtain high-grade output voltage in the case where the load is out-off-balance, this paper analyzed the mechanism and result of threephase voltage caused by unbalanced load, and some existing solutions to solve this problem. A new three-phase UPS inverter system is also raised which use △ /ZO transformer to provide a current path for zero-sequence current that caused by three-phase unbalanced load. What's more, it controlled the component of negative sequence voltage in the unbalanced load by designing the doubled PI controller(of positive and negative sequence). In these ways it could solve the imbalance of three-phase voltage caused by Zero-sequence voltage and,making the three-phase UPS inverter system able to load the three-phase unbalanced load. A 60 k VA three-phase UPS prototypes was built and the results were given based on the experiments

《海峡导报》发展前景探析

《海峡导报》作为全国唯一一份以对台为特色的综合性市民生活报,在“报业消亡论“和新旧媒体变革的夹击下,遇到同质化、读者结构老龄化、广告市场被分割的发展瓶颈。本文就《海峡导报》十年发展及存在的问题,对其在前景上进行分析,希望对其他市民生活报的发展有借鉴作用

Relationship between salinity and stable carbon isotope composition of C_3 plants

植物在盐生环境中δ13C值的改变可能包含两个成分:一个是盐分对CO2的扩散、传递或光合速率的影响而引起的δ13C值的改变;另一个是光合途径的转换引起的δ13C值的变化,δ13C值的大小与诱导发生CAM或C4代谢的程度有关。植物组织的δ13C值随盐度的变化趋势除了与植物本身固有的耐盐性有关以外,盐度和胁迫时间是影响植物δ13C的重要因素。根据盐生条件下同位素分馏特点可知,盐生植物与非盐生植物的δ13C随盐度的变化趋势有所不同。对非盐生植物而言,在低盐度和短期的盐处理下,随盐度的增加和胁迫时间的延长植物的δ13C值增大,这个阶段限制光合作用的主要因素是气孔导度;但是如果盐度过低,δ13C变化很小,则难以表现出应有的相关性;随着胁迫的加强,当限制光合作用的非气孔因素成为主导因素时,由于光合作用受到强烈抑制(光合结构遭到破坏),δ13C将随之降低。对盐生植物而言,其δ13C与最适盐度有关。最适盐度下,植物的δ13C低于其它盐度条件下的δ13C值。盐生条件下,有些C3植物可能发生光合途径的转换,无论诱导发生的是C4代谢还是CAM代谢,δ13C值均趋于增大。但是,一般情况下,盐处理诱导的光合途径的改变对植物组织整体的δ13C的影响很小。在密闭环境中或郁闭林地,植物和土壤呼吸释放的CO2再次参与光合作用,也会改变植物的δ13C值。为了更加全面地考察植物δ13C与盐度的关系,需要设置较大的盐度范围和进行长期的胁迫处理,才能够获得相对充分的数据,才有利于全面分析植物δ13C值与耐盐性的关系。There are two components of variation in carbon isotope composition(expressed as the ratio of stable carbon isotope relative to PDB,denoted δ13C)of plant tissues under salinity conditions:one is the effect of physiological processes;the other is the high salinity-induced switch from C3-photosynthesis to Crassulacean acid metabolism or C4-photosynthesis.The former is a main factor affecting plant δ13C values,whereas the later generally has no significant effect on whole tissue δ13C.The relationship between δ13C and salinity is relevant to intrinsic salt-tolerance,salinity level and the period when plants grow under saline conditions.Non-halophyte and halophytes have different response patterns in δ13C to salinity in terms of the mechanism of carbon isotope discrimination.For non-halophytes,δ13C values will increase with increasing salinity when the stomatal closure is the major factor in restricting photosynthesis.As non-stomatal limitation becomes the key factor with the stress intensified,however,the values of plant δ13C may decline.It should be noted that the correlationship between δ13C and salinity is not exhibited by mild stress treatment.For halophytes,the lowest δ13C occurs at a favourable salinity,and the values increase when the salinity is lower or higher than the optimum level.In dense woodlands,the CO2 derived from respiration recaptured by leaves using photosynthesis may alter their plant's δ13C due to the different δ13C from that of the air.So,further investigations are necessary covering a large range of salinity and duration of treatment,to explore the response of plant δ13C to salinity,and the salt-tolerance of species.国家自然科学基金资助项目(3047030130530150、40673064、30710103908);; 福建省高校创新团队培育计划资助项目~

能源发展路径和价格变化:经济、环境和能源的综合影响评价

本文建立了测算能源价格变化所带来的经济产出、能源需求和污染物减排效应的理论分析框架,分自然演化情形和约束情形计算未来的能源平均价格变化(包括化石能源和非化石能源),并以此价格变化作为外生冲击,在要素可变投入产出模型的框架下模拟能源价格变化对经济系统、能源需求和污染物排放的影响。以安徽省为例进行了实证分析得到以下主要结论,有约束情形下的能源价格比自然演化情形下高,且差额随年份增加而增加,由能源结构转变和能源价格的上涨造成产出和能源需求比自然演化情形下低。能源价格的增加主要是由可再生能源消费占比增加引起的,发展可再生能源有利于环境改善,对经济发展的不利影响有限。国网安徽省电力公司项目“全球能源互联网背景下安徽省远景能源电力发展路径研究”(15301

Preliminary Study on Artificial Formulated Feed of Juvenile Anemonefish

[目的]研制经济适用的小丑鱼幼鱼人工配合饲料。[方法]利用自制的2种配合饲料和鲜虾肉(对照组)投喂全长2 CM左右的克氏双锯鱼和白条双锯鱼幼鱼进行56 d的养殖试验,以评价自制配合饲料对小丑鱼生长和色彩的效果。[结果]结果表明,不同饲料(饲料A、饲料b及鲜虾肉)对2种小丑鱼幼鱼生长影响无显著差异,饲料b在饲料A的基础上添加了一定量的虾青素,使用7--10 d即具有明显的增色作用,达到了鲜虾所不能达到的着色效果。饲料A和饲料b交替使用比使用鲜鱼虾具有明显的优势。[结论]人工饲料取代鲜活饵料是可行的。[Objective]The purpose aimed to developing an economic and applicable artificial formulated feed for juvenile anemonefish.[Method] The effect of self-made formulated feed on the growth and coloration in anemonefishes were evaluated.Two kinds of self-made formulated feed and shrimp meat(control group) were fed to juvenile Amphiprion clarkii and A.frenatus(full-length about 2 cm) for 56 d.[Result] The results showed that the different feeds(Feed A,Feed B and shrimp meat) had no significant impact on the growth of juvenile A.clarkii and A.frenatus.Comparing to Feed A and shrimp meat,Feed B(add a certain amount of astaxanthin at the basis of Feed A) had obvious hyperchromic effect on A.frenatus after 7-10 d culturing.Therefore,alternating using Feed A and Feed B had obvious more advantages than using fresh shrimp meat.[Conclusion]It is feasible to replace live bait or fresh meat using these kinds of feeds in anemonefishes culturing.中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(南海水产研究所)(2007YD01);海南省重点科技计划项目(080130

经济增长模型中的制度内生化与资本化研究

作为对制度经济学与经济增长理论相结合的一种尝试,本文将制度资本化并构建相应的动态方程,从而实现制度的内生化,并将内生的制度资本引入索洛模型。对模型进行动态均衡分析后发现:制度进步率每提高一个百分点,经济增长率将提高个百分点,表明加快制度升级与变革可以显著提升经济增长速度,刻画了改革开放以来中国经济高速增长的一个动因;均衡点类型存在不确定性;即便技术进步率为外生给定,经济增长率(人均产出增长率)仍有可能高于技术进步率。中国博士后基金项目“城市间土地财政的竞争外溢与房价的空间传导”(项目编号:2012M510670;主持人:邓明)的资

Impacts of mangrove vegetation on macro-benthic faunal communities

大型底栖动物是红树林生态系统的重要组成部分,从红树林大型底栖动物种类、红树林与其周边生境大型底栖动物群落的比较,以及生境变化对动物群落的影响等方面阐述了红树林植被与大型底栖动物群落的关系。从物种数量上看,软体动物和甲壳类动物构成了红树林大型底栖动物的主要部分。影响大型底栖动物分布的环境因素包括海水盐度、潮位和土壤特性等,但在小范围区域,林内动物的分布更多地与红树林植被特性和潮位有关。因此,由于红树林植被破坏或者恢复引起的生境变化,将导致大型底栖动物群落和常见物种种群的变化,尤其对底上动物影响明显;随着人工恢复红树林的发育,林内底栖动物的多样性相应增加,优势种也发生变化。相比位于相同潮位的无植被滩涂,红树林可促进潮间带生物多样性。Mangrove ecosystems,found on marine coasts of the sub-tropics and tropics,have high biological productivity and rich faunal diversity.Mangrove ecosystems provide organic matter and nutrients critical to marine benthic fauna,primarily through litter-fall which is a major component of the detrital food chain.The macro benthic fauna,in turn,provide an important link between mangrove detritus at the base of the mangrove food web and consumers at higher trophic levels.Benthic fauna also may modify the physical and vegetation structure of mangrove ecosystems.Thus,the community of macro benthic fauna needs to be considered in mangrove restoration if holistic ecosystem restoration is to be achieved.This overview examines the current knowledge of macro benthic fauna in mangroves,and the effects of mangrove vegetation on the faunal community in China.In mangroves,mollusks and crustaceans are the major components of the benthic fauna,and this is a common phenomenon all over the world.In China,the mollusks are represented by more species in most studies;this is similar to that in east coast of the Americas,but different from those in other geographic regions.Dominant fauna varies with mangrove regions,but some species such as Cerithidea cingulata,Littoraia elanostoma,sesarmid crabs and fiddler crabs are common,and some of them are dominant.The community structure of macro benthos seems to be influenced by environmental conditions such as hydroperiod,salinity and sediment texture,but the small-scale distribution pattern of benthic fauna mainly depends on the factors with respect to tidal regime and mangrove vegetation.This is due,in part,to the effects mangrove vegetation has on the chemical characteristics of sediment like the organic matter content,total N and pH.Perhaps more important is the role that mangroves play in providing a solid substrate for gastropods and shade that ameliorates the harsh conditions caused by high temperatures and high evaporation rates.These factors are responsible for making levels of secondary biological productivity and faunal diversity in mangroves comparable to those in seagrass meadows and salt marshes.Recent studies carried out in Jiulongjiang Estuary,showed that the total number of animal species within mangrove forests was greater than that of adjacent non-vegetated tidal flats with similar hydrological,topographical and edaphic conditions,indicating that mangrove vegetation promotes intertidal biodiversity.Studies in Jiulongjiang Estuary also demonstrated that mangrove areas with different vegetation ages or species can support different macro benthic assemblages,and the natural/mature mangroves generally support higher faunal biodiversity than the young or disturbed forest.Studies on mangrove rehabilitation and deforestation have further shown that Uca crabs are more abundant in open areas,while gastropods and sesarmid crabs are likely to prefer closed canopy,suggesting that some of these well represented families of macro benthic fauna(e.g.Phascolosoma esculenta,Metaplax elegans,Uca arcuata,Sesarma plicata and L.elanostoma in Jiulongjiang Estuary) could be valuable indicators of ecological change as part of a long term mangrove monitoring.Despite these advances in knowledge of macro benthic fauna communities in mangroves,our understanding is still limited compared to other components of the mangrove ecosystem.Much of the earlier research has focused on the community structure or the biology of individual species,and continued research on inter-specific interactions and the inter-relationship between habitat and the biota is needed.Studies on the relationship between mangrove rehabilitation and macro benthic fauna also are limited and are important for coastal management.福建省自然科学基金项目(2011J05111); 国家自然科学基金项目(41076049;41276077); 海洋公益性行业科研专项项目(201205008