徳川将軍文書の焼却にみる近世の文書認識

近世の文書社会については、近世史料学やアーカイブズ学の進展によって、その特質が解明されつつあるといってよい。ただし、文書のライフサイクルについていえば、作成・授受、管理・保存、引継ぎについては研究成果が蓄積されているのに対して、廃棄に関しては立ち後れている。中世史料学において、政治組織の特質との関連で廃棄の問題を論じていることを考えれば、近世史料学においても、近世社会の特質との関連で検討する必要がある。そこで、本稿では、幕府によって「民間」より回収された徳川将軍文書の焼却を事例とし文書焼却を検討した。その結果、焼却が将軍文書の効力を抹消する唯一の方法であること、焼却方法が喪葬に酷似した作法を伴うものであったこと、その背景には文書に対して将軍のイメージを投影するかのような文書認識が存在していたこと等を明らかにした。It can be said that the characteristics of the document in the early modern society is being elucidated thanks to the development of the modern historical document studies and archive studies. As for the life style of the document, however the studies of disposal are for behind, whereas the rare accumulated researches on making　and receiving, management and saving, and takeover of the document. The disposal research in the early modern culture, connected with the modern society b should be discussed if there is a research of the medieval history, connected with the government. Therefore, I assumed the method of disposing the document in this report I will take examples of the burnt General Tokugawa document which was corrected from the civil. Then, I have found three things; disposal was the only way to lose the power as a general document the way of disposal was similar to cremation, and there was recognition that the document is affected by the image of the general

領地宛行制史における元禄７年令の位置

本稿では、元禄7年（1696）に、綱吉政権が発令した法令（以下元禄7年令）に注目・検討し、領知宛行制史に定置することを目的とするものである。元禄7年令とは、「判物之格」であっても、代替り朱印改以外で発給する宛行状は全て朱印状で発給すると規定したものである。では、なぜ、朱印状で発給するのかという本質的な理由や発令の歴史的背景、さらには大名家への影響については、現在の研究段階では明らかとなってはいない。この問題の検討は、領知宛行制の研究には不可欠であろう。徳川将軍権威の追究にも繋がると考えられる。本稿の検討の結果、元禄7年令の含意とは、幕府は領知判物を代替り朱印改めの時に限定発給するとしたこと、元禄7年令発令の背景には、領知宛行状の大量発給が予想される中で、領知判物の権威を維持するためのものであったこと、従来、判物と考えられてきた、宝永6年8月5日付の間部詮房宛領知宛行状の本来は朱印状であったことから見ても、元禄7年令の主旨は徳川政権下において一貫したものであったこと。さらに、元禄7年令は、例えば大名家の文書管理などを規定し続けていたことから明らかなように、後年に至っても、大名家に影響を及ぼしたこと。以上を明らかにした。On this report, I pay attention to and examine the law sand ordinances which Tsunayoshi Administration announced in 7th year of Genroku era, and I’ll put it in territory allotment system.The ordinance in 7th year of Genroku era was the one which prescribed that all the form of allotments, including "Paraph Status", but except the ones issued in succession, should be issued in the form of "Syuinjou", a red-seal letter. But the current studies don\u27t clarify the essential reason and the historical background of issuing in red-seal letter and more the influence on Daimyos, feudal lords. The examination of this problem is in dispensable for a study of the territory allotment system, and it can be thought that it leads to investigation of the General Tokugawa authority at the same time.As a result of examination of this report, I clarified the following; that the connotation of the ordinance in 7th year of Genroku era was that the Shogunate administration decided to issue time-limited territory sealed document in checking such session. That there was an intention in announcement of this ordinance, to maintain the authority of territory sealed document against the expectation that many forms or allotments would be issued. That the gist of this ordinance was consistent nature through the Tokugawa administration, thinking the fact that the form of territory allotment to Manabe Akihusa dated August 5th, 6th year of Houei era, which had been regarded as a sealed document, was in nature a red seal letter. And more than this ordinance had been influenced on feudal lords also in later years, because, for example, this ordinance had continued to regulate the document management of feudal lords

A case study of snow ice formation processes on the sea ice off East Antarctica in late winter

第33回極域気水圏シンポジウムポスター発

Growth and decay processes deduced from the fast-ice cores collected near the Syowa Station

第7回極域科学シンポジウム:[OM] 極域気水圏11月30日（水）国立極地研究所 2階 大会議

Investigation on The Circadian Action Factor of RGB White LEDs

采用司辰节律因子模型,通过计算三基色白光LED光源在不同工作电流下的司辰节律因子,对可调色温的三基色白光LED光源进行非视觉效应研究。为了获取与自然光非视觉效应类似的LED白光,建立了司辰节律因子和相关色温分别相对于工作电流的关系模型,从而已知自然光的司辰节律因子和相关色温,就可以确定三基色LED的工作电流。通过测试一天内不同时刻的自然光光谱,根据上述模型推算出了三基色LED的工作电流。在所推算的三基色电流下,测试了白光LED光谱参数并计算了相应的司辰节律因子。与自然光司辰节律因子的对比结果表明,理论值和实验值的误差在1.1%以内,证实该方法具有可行性。本文所呈现的方法对于利用三基色白光LED模拟自然光具有一定的指导意义。The circadian action factor( CAF) model was adopted to study the non-visual biological effects for the three-primary color-tunable white LEDs by calculating CAFs at various driving currents. In order to obtain the white light similar to the natural light according to non-visual biological effects,the models of CAF versus current and CCT versus current were generated. Therefore,the driving currents of three-primary LEDs could be determined after the CAF and the CCT of the natural light were known. Based on aforementioned models,and after the natural light at different times in a day was tested,the driving currents of three-primary LEDs were deduced. Then,driven by these currents,white LEDs were tested and their CAFs were calculated. A comparison between calculated values and experimental counterparts shows that the difference lies within 1. 1%,suggesting the feasibility of this approach. This work appears meaningful for mimicking the natural light by using three-primary white LEDs.科技部国际合作项目(2015DFG62190);; 国家自然科学基金(61504112);; 福建省产学合作重大专项(2013H6024);; 福建省自然科学基金(2016R0091);; 科技部港澳台科技合作专项(2015DFT10120)资助项