Expanding Domestic Demand:China’s Higher Education in a Dilemma

扩大内需不是一个简单地让老百姓花钱的问题,关键是要优化产业结构,调整国民收入分配结构,转变“高投资、高出口、低消费“的经济增长方式。从理论上来说,高等教育与其通过扩招直接刺激消费,不如通过提升人力资本,促进社会流动,间接参与扩大内需。但从现实来看,由于体制限制尤其是高中教育机会瓶颈,高等教育不仅难以有效转移农村剩余劳动力,反而加剧了贫富分化;由于脱离经济要素禀赋的仓促扩招,高等教育不仅难以优化产业结构,反而加剧了失业问题。要激活高等教育参与扩大内需的作用,需要按社会需求调整高等教育,并采取一系列配套措施。从长远来看,要视教育为软基础建设,真正按照教育规律办教育。In China,expanding domestic demand is not simply stimulating consumption,but mostly depends on the optimization of industrial structure,adjustment of national income distribution system,and transformation of current mode of economic growth-" high investment,high export,but low consumption".Theoretically speaking,instead of directly stimulating consumption through the expansion of enrollment,higher education could do a better job of expanding domestic demand indirectly by the means of upgrading human capital and promoting social mobility.However,in reality,due to the disconnection between middle school and higher education institutes(HEIs),higher education in China failed to transfer effectively the surplus workforce in the countryside,and has aggravated the polarization between the rich and the poor instead.Furthermore,with such a hasty enrollment expansion,higher education in China remains incapable of optimizing the nation’s industrial structure,and has made the unemployment problem even worse.To bring into full play HEIs’ role of helping expanding domestic demand,we should restructure China’s higher education in the light of current social needs,and take a series of measures to facilitate such a reform.For the sake of long-term interest,education should always be regarded as a part of the institutional infrastructure,and be developed strictly according to the laws of education itself.教育部委托项目“高等院校参与扩大内需问题研究

开放性实验在焊接冶金学课程中的应用

《焊接冶金学》作为金属材料工程专业的最基本课程之一,是金属材料工程专业学生对其专业知识进行更深层次探讨的基础。将开放性实验模式应用于焊接冶金学课程中,促进理论知识与实践操作相结合,提高学生的综合竞争力。广西民族大学引进人才项目(2014MDQD011);大学生创新创业计划项目(合金元素对超高强铝合金组织和性能的影响

中国珍稀濒危冷杉的发现、现状及未来

百山祖冷杉、梵净山冷杉、元宝山冷杉和资源冷杉是中国特有的珍稀濒危植物,均被列为国家Ⅰ级重点保护植物。目前,这4种濒危冷杉在我国东南部亚热带山地呈空中岛屿状间断分布,且均分布在近山顶地区。面对全球气温的不断上升,它们缺乏足够的高海拔低温生境可供迁移,取而代之的将是生境的进一步压缩和破碎化。而横断山地区由于复杂的地形和多样化的生境而成为最合适冷杉生存的栖息地,可作为这几种冷杉的迁地保护中心

Development of Novel Catalysts for Steam-reforming of Methanol or Ethanol to Generate Hydrogen

新型替代清洁能源的开发是大势所趋.氢能作为理想的清洁能源之一,已引起人们广泛重视.但氢能广泛地应用,尤其是用作电动车燃料电池的燃料,必须解决其储存和输运的技术问题.采用液体作为氢的载体,通过其重整即时产生燃料H2在商业上具有重要实用价值.在诸多可重整制H2的液体燃料中,甲醇、乙醇以其反应温度和压力低,H/C比高,无nOX、SOX排放,并可利用现行动力燃料输配系统等优点而占据优势.本文介绍甲醇、乙醇制氢技术的研发动态,重点报道本实验室在甲醇、乙醇经水蒸气重整制氢用高效高稳定性催化剂的研发进展.There is an ongoing trend to move toward exploitation of clean alternative energy sources.As one of the ideal energy sources,hydrogen has drawn great attention and been intensively studied.In order for hydrogen to be more widely used,especially serving as power-fuel for hydrogen-fuel-cell-driven vehicles,it is critical to solve issues associated with the storage and transportation of hydrogen.Liquid hydrogen-carriers,which can generate hydrogen in situ through conversion/reforming,are commercially important for practical applications.Among the many liquid-fuels that can generate hydrogen through reforming,methanol and ethanol have displayed some advantages in relatively lower reaction temperature and pressure,higher H/C ratio,no emission of NOxand SOxas by-products,and making use of the existing power-fuel transportation-distribution systems.In this article,we review recent developments in the hydrogen generation from methanol or ethanol,highlighting the progress in our lab on the development of catalysts for hydrogen generation from methanol or ethanol through steam reforming.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2011CBA00508); 优秀国家重点实验室基金项目(20923004); 教育部创新团队项目(IRT1036

A Novel Sc-promoted CuO-ZnO-Al_2O_3 Catalyst for Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexanol to Cyclohexanone

用SC2O3作为促进剂,研发出一种高效新型SC2O3促进的Cu-znO-Al2O3基催化剂(记为CuIznJAlk-XSCX),考察其对环己醇脱氢制环己酮的催化性能.实验结果显示,在组成经优化的Cu6zn3Al0.7SC0.3催化剂上,常压,523 k,n(C6H11OH)∶n(n2)=1∶19和空速(gHSV)=43 200Ml/(H·g)的反应条件下,环己醇脱氢的转化率达53.7%,产物环己酮的时空产率为5 344Mg/(H·g),这2个值均为不含SC2O3的基质催化剂Cu6zn3Al1的相应值(42.4%,4 222Mg/(H·g))的1.27倍.催化剂的表征结果显示,SC2O3的修饰调变作用可能是由于SC2O3在znO晶格中高的溶解度.少量SC2O3在znO晶格中的溶解在znO表面产生阳离子空位形式的SCHOTTky缺陷,通过这些表面阳离子空位接纳Cu+离子使Cuy0-Cu+原子簇得以稳定化.这有助于抑制催化活性Cuy0纳米颗粒的团聚烧结,保持Cu组分的高分散度,于是显著地提高催化剂的活性和操作稳定性.该催化剂具有应用前景.A type of Sc2O3-promoted Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst was developed.The catalyst displays excellent performance for dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone.Over a Cu6Zn3Al0.7Sc0.3catalyst under the reaction condition of atmospheric pressure,523 K,n(C6H11OH)∶n(N2)=1∶19and GHSV=43 200 mL/(h·g),the conversion of cyclohexanol dehydrogenation reached53.7%,with the STY of cyclohexanone being 5 344mg/(h·g);both values were 1.27 times of those obtained with the Cu-ZnOAl2O3 catalyst not containing Sc2O3,42.4% and 4 222 mg/(h·g).Characterization of the catalyst revealed that the pronounced modification action of Sc3+may be due to the high solubility of Sc2O3 in the ZnO lattice.Solution of a small amount of Sc2O3 in the ZnO lattice resulted in the formation of Schottky defects in the form of cationic vacancies at the surface of ZnO,where the Cuy0-Cu+clusters can be better stabilized through the Cu+accommodated at the surface vacant cation-sites.This would be conducive to inhibiting the aggregation and sintering of the catalytically active Cuy0nano-particles and preserving high dispersion degree of Cu composition,so that the activity and operating stability of the catalyst were markedly improved.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2011CBA00508); 优秀国家重点实验室基金项目(20923004); 教育部创新团队项目(IRT1036

Research Progress in Catalytic Synthesis and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes

通信作者: [email protected][中文文摘]概述近10年来国内外在碳纳米管催化合成及其应用研究领域的发展动态,着重介绍本研究组在多壁碳纳米管的催化合成、规模化生产及其用作某些加氢过程催化剂的新型载体或促进剂等领域的研究进展. [英文文摘]In this review article,recent progresses in catalytic synthesis and production-commercialization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) and in applied research of MWCNTs in catalysis are summarized and briefly reviewed,with an emphasis on description of the research progress in our laboratory here.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2011CBA00508);福建省重大专项专题项目(2009HZ0002-1);福建省发改委高技术项目(闽发改高技2009-1030

UV/O_3耦合氧化处理钢铁行业反渗透浓水

反渗透技术广泛应用于工业废水的深度处理与回用过程,但其产生的浓水含盐量较高,有机污染物降解难度大。臭氧氧化技术具有氧化能力强、操作简单等优点,可用于水中有机物的氧化降解,但单独采用臭氧氧化时对有机物有选择性,处理效果有限。采用紫外光-臭氧耦合技术处理钢铁行业的2种反渗透浓水,探究臭氧浓度、紫外光照强度和初始pH对COD去除效果的影响,并利用三维荧光光谱分析处理前后反渗透浓水的水质变化情况。结果显示,钢铁综合废水和焦化废水处理的最佳操作参数基本相同,在最佳反应条件下,紫外光-臭氧耦合氧化60 min后,2种反渗透浓水的COD去除率分别达到73.3%、53.8%;浓水中难以降解的物质为可溶性微生物代谢产物

β-secretase Interracts with Divalent Cation Tolerant Protein CUTA

淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid,Aβ)沉积是阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)的重要病理特征之一。Aβ是由淀粉样前体蛋白(amyloid precursor protein,APP)经β-分泌酶(BACE)和γ-分泌酶水解产生的,因此BACE1在AD的形成过程中发挥重要作用。为了进一步研究BACE1的作用机制,以BACE1胞内段构建诱饵蛋白用酵母双杂交方法筛选与之相互作用的蛋白质。结果得到了二价阳离子耐受蛋白(divalent cation tolerant protein,CUTA)的阳性克隆,β-半乳糖苷酶实验表明CUTA和BACE1胞内片段存在相互作用。构建了两者全长基因的表达载体,证明二者在哺乳动物细胞中同样可以相互作用。CUTA可能涉及铜的代谢动力学及乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)的膜锚定,而铜的代谢失衡和AchE水平与AD发病密切相关。实验结果为BACE生物学功能和AD发病机制的研究提供了条件。The deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) is a pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aβ is derived from β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) through sequential proteolytic cleavages by β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase. To further elucidate the roles of BACE1 in the development of AD, a yeast two-hybrid system was performed to screen proteins directly interacting with BACE1 from a human embryo brain cDNA library. One of the potential BACE1-interacting proteins identified from the positive clones is a copper-associated protein, divalent cation tolerant protein CUTA. The interaction between CUTA and BACE1 was confirmed by β-galactosidase activity and co-immunoprecipitation studies. CUTA may be involved in copper dynamics and the anchoring of AchE on the plasma membrane of cells, whereas dysregulation of copper balance and AchE levels are closely correlated with AD pathogenesis, our results suggest that CUTA may plays potential roles in the regulation of BACE1 activity/function and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.国家自然科学基金(No.30572077);; 细胞生物学与肿瘤细胞工程教育部重点实验室(厦门大学)(No.2005111)资助项目~

Study on morphological differentiation and growth rhythm of underground buds of spring ephemeroid plant Gymnospermium microrrhynchum(牡丹草地下芽的形态分化与生长特征研究)

采用解剖镜、扫描电镜技术，对长白山早春类短命植物牡丹草地下芽形态分化进行了观察，并采用游标卡尺测定各阶段芽体大小，研究地下芽的生长发育节律。发现牡丹草地上生活周期结束后，地下贮藏器官需要休眠2 个月左右，于7 月中下旬，地下芽开始出现形态分化和发育。其进程可分为萌芽期、花序原基分化期、花序形成期和花器官分化期4 个时期，历经2 个月左右，最终以发育成熟的花序进行越冬休眠。连续测定和相关分析表明，在整个夏眠期，牡丹草地下芽的茎高、芽长、芽径均随时间指数生长，茎高和芽长、芽径之间以及芽长与芽径之间呈幂函数规律异速生长，且相关系数均达到极显著水平。牡丹草块茎需短暂休眠后完成地下芽的形态建成，地下芽茎高、芽长和芽径的增长具有不同步性和阶段性优先伸长的异速生长特性

中国脑血管病临床管理指南（第2版）（节选）——第3章 脑血管病高危人群管理 Chinese Stroke Association Guidelines for Clinical Management of Cerebrovascular Diseases (Second Edition) (Except) ——Chapter Three Management of Patients at Hige-risk of Cerebrovascular Diseases

针对脑血管病的危险因素积极进行早期干预管理是减少脑血管病危害最有效的方法。本章节介绍脑血管病高危人群管理的推荐意见，包括对不可干预和可干预血管危险因素的控制，阿司匹林在缺血性卒中一级预防中的应用以及首次卒中风险评估等方面。 Abstract: Early intervention to manage the risk factors of cerebrovascular disease is the most effective way to reduce the harm of cerebrovascular diseases. This chapter presents recommendations for the management of populations at high risk for cerebrovascular disease, including control of non-interventionable and interventionable vascular risk factors, the use of aspirin in the primary prevention of ischaemic stroke, and the risk assessment of first-time stroke