渤海海峡跨海通道工程论证的初步研究

渤海海峡跨海通道工程以鲁东大学为代表的众多专家已研究、论证20 余年。工程建设意向方案有三:利用庙岛群岛作为桥墩的桥梁方案、南桥北隧方案、全海底隧道方案。笔者上世纪80 年代参与过胶州湾青黄通道论证,关注过渤海海峡跨海通道工程,并有机会考察国内外多个大型跨海通道工程。根据积累的经验,将渤海海峡跨海通道与胶州湾青黄通道做一些对比,得出的基本认识:桥梁易受气象、海洋环境影响和战争破坏,不赞同这种方案;桥隧方案与桥梁方案一样,只不过桥的距离短一些;若工程上马的话,建设全程海底电气化铁路隧道为宜。通道地处郯庐大断裂东侧约40 km,海区NE、NW 两组断裂发育,处在活动强震区内,对跨海通道工程会产生严重不良影响。我们需要从地震地质、工程抗震、海洋、气象等自然环境等多方面、多角度进行深入细致的研究和长期监测,结合社会、经济需求,充分论证后做出决策

Effects of Salinity on Na~+-K~+-ATPase Activity in Gills,and Concentrations of Ions and Hormones in Serum of Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)

采用饲养试验方法,研究了平均体质量为(7.16±0.07)g的大菱鲆(SCOPHTHAlMuS MAXIMuS)幼鱼分别在盐度12、18、24、30和36下饲养60 d后,其鳃nA+-k+-ATPASE活力、血清离子浓度、生长激素(gH)、皮质醇激素(COr)、特定生长率(Sgr)和饲料效率(fCE)的变化。结果表明:幼鱼鳃nA+-k+-ATPASE活力、血清nA+浓度均随盐度的升高而上升,分别在3.48~8.30 u/Mg和169.99~180.00 MMOl/l之间,其中12盐度组最低,36盐度组最高。幼鱼血清中k+和Cl-浓度分别在2.20~3.47 MMOl/l和136.67~142.00 MMOl/l之间,各盐度组之间差异不显著。幼鱼血清中gH和COr浓度分别在0.41~1.66 ng/Ml和35.33~76.41 ng/Ml之间;其中gH在36盐度组最高,12盐度组最低,而COr在12盐度组最高,36盐度组最低。幼鱼Sgr和fCE分别在(1.45~2.00)%/d和1.12%~1.38%之间,与盐度的相关性不显著,两者均为12盐度组最低。由此可见,盐度变化显著影响大菱鲆幼鱼鳃nA+-k+-ATPASE活力、血清nA+浓度和激素含量。本研究对大菱鲆养殖生理生态条件分析具有重要参考意义,研究结果可为大菱鲆养殖的盐度选择提供理论依据。The Na+-K+-ATPase activity in gill,concentrations of ions and hormones in serum,and specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency of juvenile turbots( Scophthalmus maximus)( body weight of 7.16 ±0.07 g),which have been reared at salinities 12,18,24,30 and 36 for 60 days,were investigated.The results showed that Na+-K+-ATPase activity and Na+concentration were 3.48- 8.30 U /mg and 169.99-180.00 mmol /L,respectively,and their levels increased with the rise of water salinity.The highest values were observed at salinity 36,and lowest ones at salinity 12.The Na+-K+-ATPase activity and Na+concentration inthe fish reared at salinity 12 were significantly lower than those in the control( P 0.05).Growth hormone and cortisol levels were 0.41- 1.66 and35.33- 76.41 ng /ml,respectively.Growth hormone level was the lowest in the fish reared at salinity 12,and the highest at salinity 36,both of which had significant difference compared to that of the control( P 0.05).Specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were( 1.45-2.00) % /day and 1.12%- 1.38%,respectively.Although both were the lowest at salinity 12,they were not significantly correlative with salinity.Thus,the results indicate that the changes in salinity could have significant impacts on Na+-K+-ATPase activity in gill,concentrations of Na+,growth hormone and cortisol in serum of juvenile turbots.The results provide important reference for salinity selection in turbot mariculture.现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(No.CARS-50

国内EPA及DHA研究现状和发展趋势

本文对国内有关EPA（Eicosapentaenoicacid）及DHA（Docosahexaenoicacid）的特性、分离纯化方法及应用等研究现状进行了评述，并指出了与国际发达国家的差距，提出了今后工作的建议

中国陕西关中及周边地区近500年来初夏干燥指数序列的重建

本文采用华山东峰、西峰和南峰的华山松树轮宽度差值年表重建了 1 5 0 0年以来中国陕西关中及周边地区的初夏干燥指数序列 ,对重建序列进行了统计特征分析 ,并同大尺度大气环流场进行了相关分析。结果表明 :华山年表的变化与该地区初夏平均干燥指数序列的变化具有很好的一致性 ,可用来重建该地区的初夏干燥指数序列 ;该地区在 1 5 0 2～ 1 5 1 1年、1 5 70～ 1 5 80年以及 1 80 7～ 1 81 4年间的初夏季节存在 3次较为严重的干旱 ;该地区初夏干燥指数变化存在着较为明显的周期特征 ,其中以 1 3a左右和 4a左右的周期最为显著 ,但周期特征在不同的历史阶段存在着明显的差异 ;重建序列在 1 784年前后发生了一次较大幅度的方差变化 ,而 1 5 87年前后的均值突变则表现为干燥指数值的急剧降低 ;该地区初夏季节的干燥程度可能与前期极涡的中心强度及冷空气活动有关

Effects of salinities on muscle amino acid and fatty acid composition of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)

为了探讨盐度对幼鱼肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸组成的影响,作者将平均体质量为(7.16±0.07)g的大菱鲆(SCOPHTHAl MuSMAXIMuS)幼鱼分别饲养在盐度(12、18、24、30(对照组)和36)水体中60 d。结果表明,不同盐度下,幼鱼肌肉中的氨基酸总量(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)总量、非必需氨基(nEAA)总量和呈味氨基酸(fAA)总量分别在69.25%±0.37%~74.85%±1.26%、31.70%±0.11%~33.74%±0.28%、31.29%±0.44%~34.60%±1.26%和24.20%±0.66%~26.98%±1.02%,从高到低依次为36组>30组>12组>18组>24组,36组均显著高于24组(P0.05)。必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)在40.41±1.23~44.46±0.54,30和36组显著大于其他组(P30组>24组>12组>18组,各盐度组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。必需脂肪酸(EfA)总量在3.28%±0.04%~3.58%±0.10%,各盐度组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。饱和脂肪酸(SfA)总量在27.51%±0.37%~29.83%±0.35%,12组显著高于36组(P salinity 30 > salinity 12 > salinity 18 > salinity 24, and those of fish reared at salinity 36 were significantly higher than those of fish maintained at salinity 24(P0.05).The essential amino acid index(EAAI) was 40.41±1.23~44.46±0.54, increasing with the rise of water salinity.The EAAI of fish reared at salinities 30 and 36 was significant higher than those of other salinity groups(P salinity 30 > salinity 24 > salinity 12 > salinity 18, all of which had no significant differences between groups(P>0.05).The essential fatty acids(EFA) content was 3.28%±0.04%~3.58%±0.10%, no significant differences were observed between groups(P>0.05).The saturated fatty acids(SFA) content was 27.51%± 0.37%~29.83%±0.35%.The EFA in fish maintained at salinity 12 was significant higher than that of fish reared at salinity 36(P<0.05).Therefore, the qualities of free amino acid and fatty acid in muscles of fish reared at salinity 36 had been greatly improved in comparison with those of the control(salinity 30).This study provides important references for mechanistic researches on energy metabolisms of osmoregulation and salinity selection in turbot mariculture.国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(CA-RS-50

Effects of salinities on growth and flesh quality of juvenile turbot( Scophthalmus maximus)

将平均体质量为(7.16±0.07)g的大菱鲆幼鱼分别饲养在不同盐度(12、18、24、30和36)的水体中60 d,以探讨盐度对幼鱼特定生长率、生长激素、成活率、摄食率、饲料效率和肌肉营养成分的影响。结果表明:大菱鲆幼鱼在盐度分别为18、24、30和36的水体中均生长良好,成活率为100%,特定生长率分别为1.97、1.87、1.87和2.00%/d;在盐度为12的水体中,幼鱼的成活率和特定生长率均显著低于盐度30组(对照组)(P0.05)。幼鱼特定生长率随血清生长激素和饲料效率的升高而增大,与盐度的相关性不显著。幼鱼肌肉中的粗蛋白质含量随水体盐度的升高而降低,除盐度12和18组之间无显著性差异外(P>0.05),其余各盐度组之间均存在显著性差异(P0.05);各盐度组之间幼鱼肌肉中的水分均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,适当降低盐度可改善大菱鲆幼鱼生长和肌肉品质,其适宜盐度为18。The specific growth rates(SGR),growth hormone(GH),survival rate,feed intake ratio,feed conversion efficiency(FCE) and body composition in muscles of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus) [body weight of(7.16±0.07)g],which had been reared at salinities 12,18,24,30 and 36 for 60 days, were investigated.The results showed that the SGR of the fish reared at salinity 18,24,30 and 36 were 1.97, 1.87,1.87 and 2.00 %/d,respectively,with a survival rate of 100% for these groups(P>0.05).However, the SGR and survival rate of the fish reared at salinity 12 were 1.45 %/d and 80.77%,respectively,both of which had significant differences in comparison with those of the control(salinity 30)(P0.05).Although SGR had not significantly correlative with salinity,SGR increased with the rise of FCE and GH.The crude protein decreased with the rise of water salinity and showed significant difference between groups(P0.05).Thus,the results indicated that the changes in salinity could have significant impacts on SGR,GH,FCE,feed intake ratio and protein in muscles of juvenile turbot.Rearing in brackish water can enhance grow th performance and flesh quality of the fish,and the proper salinity is 18.The results from this study provide important reference for salinity selection in turbot mariculture.鲆鲽类产业技术体系专项(CARS)(2060302-2-1-008

青海德令哈地区千年来降水量的突变分析

根据青海省德令哈地区海拔3500～4000m左右的祁连圆柏树木年轮资料重建的该地区公元1000年以来的年降水量变化,使用滑动t检验和滑动F检验等气候突变检测方法对千年降水量30年气候均值和均方差的突变进行了分析,探讨了气候突变的可能原因。研究发现,德令哈地区千年来降水量的30年气候均值和均方差发生了多次显著突变,其中均值突变14次、均方差突变8次;太阳活动极小期内的降水量与其前后同时段内降水量的均值相比存在显著差异;降水量突变发生的时间和方向与太阳活动异常较为一致,因此推测太阳活动的长期变化是导致德令哈降国家自然科学项目(40371118);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(ZCX3-SW-321

气候变化影响的最新认知

政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第二工作组于2007年4月6日正式发布了第四次评估报告,该报告客观、全面而审慎地评估了气候变化已有的和未来的可能影响。现有观测证据表明,人为增暖可能已对许多自然和生物系统产生了可辨别的影响,但由于适应以及非气候因子的作用,许多影响还难以辨别。21世纪中期,某些中纬度和热带干旱地区年平均河流径流量和可用水量会减少10%～30%;如果全球平均温度增幅超过1．5～2．5℃,目前所评估的20%～30%动植物物种可能面临灭绝的风险会增大;从全球角度看,局地平均温度增加1～3℃．预计粮食生产潜力会增加,但若超过这一范围,则会减少。兼顾适应和减缓的措施能够降低气候变化相关风险