Function of Helper T Cells in the Memory CTL-mediated Anti-tumor Immunity

　To investigate the role of CD4 + helper T (Th) cells in the memory CTL2mediated anti2tumor immunity , the RAG21 gene knock out mice were adoptively transferred with OT21 cells to generate the memory CTL , the C57BLP6 mice im2 munized with the epitope peptide of OVA specific Th cells and with different adjuvants were adoptively transferred with these memory2CTLs , and then the animals were challenged with tumor cells EG7. It was found that although the simple immuniza2 tion of mice with the epitope peptide of the OVA specific Th cells could generate more effect CTL , but this effect was not so strong enough to resist completely the challenges with tumor cells. Nevertheless , the memory CTL2mediated anti2tumor im2 mune effect required the helps of Th1 and Th2 cells. The cross2regulation between Th1 and Th2 cells seemed to be beneficial for the host to generate more effector CTL for mounting an efficient anti2tumor response. It concluded that the interaction be2 tween Th1 and Th2 cells might be more important than the single subset of Th cells in the memory CTL2mediated anti2tumor immune response. More attention should be paid in this regard for the future studies

T_H细胞在记忆性CTL介导的肿瘤抑制中的作用研究

观察记忆性CTL的抑瘤作用是否需要抗原特异性TH 细胞的辅助。方法　表达OVAT细胞表位SIINFEKL特异性TCR的T细胞转输RAG- - 小鼠,经相应T细胞表位多肽刺激后产生记忆性CTL ,将此记忆性CTL转输已产生特异性和非特异性TH 细胞的C5 7BL 6小鼠体内并接种肿瘤细胞EG7。结果　经T细胞表位多肽免疫后,SIINFEKL特异性TCRT细胞成功在RAG- - 小鼠体内增殖并分化为记忆性CTL ;抗原特异性TH 细胞可辅助产生较多效应性CTL但并没有完全的肿瘤抑制作用;记忆性CTL的完全抑瘤活性需要抗原特异性TH 细胞的辅助。结论　机体对肿瘤的长期完全杀伤作用不但需要肿瘤特异性抗原诱导产生的记忆性CTL ,而且需要特异性TH 细胞的辅助,肿瘤疫苗的设计必须包括特异性的CTL表位多肽和辅助性TH 细胞多肽

BRIDGING RADIAL AND NON-RADIAL MEASURES OF EFFICIENCY IN DEA

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been utilized worldwide for measuring efficiencies of banks, telecommunications, electric utilities and so forth. Yet, the existing models have some well known shortcomings that limit their usefulness. In DEA we have two fundamental approaches to measuring efficiency with very different characteristics; radial and non-radial. We demonstrate a method for linking these two approaches in a unified framework called Connected-SBM. It includes two scalar parameters, and by changing the parameter values we can relocate the analysis anywhere between the radial and the non-radial models. An appropriate choice of these parameters can overcome the key shortcomings inherent in the two approaches, namely, proportionality and mixed patterns of slacks.http://www.grips.ac.jp/list/facultyinfo/tone_kaoru

A mobile phone-based care model for outpatient cardiac rehabilitation: the care assessment platform (CAP)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cardiac rehabilitation programs offer effective means to prevent recurrence of a cardiac event, but poor uptake of current programs have been reported globally. Home based models are considered as a feasible alternative to avoid various barriers related to care centre based programs. This paper sets out the study design for a clinical trial seeking to test the hypothesis that these programs can be better and more efficiently supported with novel Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>We have integrated mobile phones and web services into a comprehensive home- based care model for outpatient cardiac rehabilitation. Mobile phones with a built-in accelerometer sensor are used to measure physical exercise and WellnessDiary software is used to collect information on patients' physiological risk factors and other health information. Video and teleconferencing are used for mentoring sessions aiming at behavioural modifications through goal setting. The mentors use web-portal to facilitate personal goal setting and to assess the progress of each patient in the program. Educational multimedia content are stored or transferred via messaging systems to the patients phone to be viewed on demand. We have designed a randomised controlled trial to compare the health outcomes and cost efficiency of the proposed model with a traditional community based rehabilitation program. The main outcome measure is adherence to physical exercise guidelines.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The study will provide evidence on using mobile phones and web services for mentoring and self management in a home-based care model targeting sustainable behavioural modifications in cardiac rehabilitation patients.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>The trial has been registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) with number ACTRN12609000251224.</p

アシエン アシエン アシエン アシエン ヅロナル ヅロナル ヅロナル ヅロナル オホ オホ オホ オホ ソセアル ソセアル ソセアル ソセアル サイネセズ サイネセズ サイネセズ サイネセズ アナド アナド アナド アナド ヒウメニテズ ヒウメニテズ ヒウメニテズ ヒウメニテズ A HEURISTIC MODEL -THE CASE OF CHALLENGES FACING WESTERN BUSINESS PEOPLE IN JAPAN

ABSTRACT This paper is based on an investigation which has utilised the data collected fro

Joint submission to the Northern Australia Taskforce. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet

"Infrastructure and human capital are the two most serious bottlenecks for growth in northern Australia. Business sophistication is also weaker on average compared to the rest of Australia and is likely to act as a constraint in many areas. In contrast, economic fundamentals in northern Australia have been very high, reflecting the extent to which the resources boom has occurred, and continues to occur in northern Australia." - Summary of findingsMade available by the Northern Territory Library via the Publications (Legal Deposit) Act 2004 (NT).About the Northern Australia Research Alliance -- Summary of findings of contributed papers. Contributed Papers: Understanding the characteristics of remote Northern Australia for successful policy development -- Underpinning development: Health and health workforce in northern Australia -- The relationship between workforce mobility, liveability and development in northern Australia -- Human Services sector development in northern Australia -- What type of future for northern Australia's tourism sector? -- Northern Australia Agriculture Policy: opportunities and risks -- Themes in development of the agricultural and resource sectors in Northern Australia -- Education futures in northern Australia -- Re-imagining post-secondary education as a driver of social and economic development in northern Australia -- Defence in the three tropical cities: How to sustainably seize the potential? -- What climate change and cyclones mean for northern Australia -- Economic equity and major development -- Land Tenure and development in northern Australia -- Aboriginal Local Government and Community Sector Partnerships ? sustainable employment in northern Development