The Physiological Response of Synsepalum dulcifcum Denill Leaves to NaCl Stress

为明确神秘果(Synsepalum dulcifcum Denill)的耐盐能力,研究其在NaCl胁迫下的适应机制并丰富果树的耐盐机理,通过盆栽试验法,以0、2‰、4‰、6‰、8‰NaCl溶液分别对幼苗进行胁迫处理,测定叶片叶绿素、渗透调节物质、抗氧化物酶、丙二醛含量及土壤实际盐度。结果表明:在NaCl胁迫下,神秘果叶片的叶绿素合成受到明显抑制;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性随浓度增加而显著升高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则是先升后降,在4‰时达到最高;可溶性蛋白含量与处理浓度呈负相关;脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和对照相比有显著增加,推测脯氨酸和可溶性糖在胁迫过程中起着重要的渗透调节作用。To clear the tolerance and adaptive mechanism of S. dulcifcum and to rich the theory about the salt tolerance mechanism of fruit trees. The potted plants were watered with 0, 2‰, 4‰, 6‰, 8‰ NaCl and the physiological characteristics including the changes about chlorophyll, soluble protein, soluble proline, soluble sugar,SOD, POD, CAT, MDA of NaCl stress in S. dulcifcum leaves were measured. The result showed that the chlorophyll synthesis was significantly restricted under NaCl stress. The activity of SOD or POD increased clearly with the NaCl concentration, and the CAT activity increased to a peak under 4‰ NaCl and then dropped. The content of soluble protein dropped under NaCl stress while that of proline, soluble sugar increased significantly. It was deduced that proline or soluble sugar working as osmotic potentials in cells played a key role in salt tolerance of S. dulcifcum.厦门市科技计划项目(No.3502Z20092023

Effects of Municipal Domestic Sewage Effluents on the Growth of Calendula officinalis

用三种稀释倍数的城市生活污水[污水∶清水(v/v)为1﹕0、1﹕0.5、1﹕1]处理金盏菊种子及盆花,结果表明,污灌处理不仅显著地降低种子的萌发率,还增加萌发后幼苗病害的发生率;未经稀释的原生污水显著抑制金盏菊幼苗的生长,而稀释后抑制作用降低,当稀释至适当浓度时,则对幼苗生长起促进作用;对于金盏菊成年植株,污灌处理(不论稀释与否)显著地增加其茎、叶和根的鲜重,分别较对照增加161.63%～215.12%、86.77%～109.23%和23.89%～34.13%。综合分析表明,原生污水经过适当稀释后用于草花污灌,可以使污水中的营养盐得到回用,提高草花的观赏性。The seeds and potted plants of Calendula officinalis were treated with municipal domestic sewage effluents. The treatments were divided into 4 groups according to effluents : tap water(v/v): I, 1 : 0; II, 1 : 0.5; III, 1 : 1; control, 0 : 1. Compared with the control, sewage irrigation treatments (I, II and III) obviously reduced the rate of seed germination and increased the disease incidence of seedlings. The undiluted raw sewage could remarkably restrain the seedling growth, and the retarding effect could be relaxed by diluting with tap water. Furthermore, the diluted sewage of proper concentration could improve the seedlings growth. Compared to the control, sewage irrigation treatments increased the fresh weight of the stem, leave and root of full-grown C. officinalis plant by 161.63 %～215.12 %, 86.77 %～109.23 % and 23.89 %～34.13 %, respectively. The results of this study showed that the diluted sewage could be reused in irrigation and the nutrient elements in the sewage effluents could increase the ornamental value of herbage flowers

Effect of NaCl Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Two Manilkara Species Leaves

采用盆栽试验法,对铁线子属果树人心果[MAnIlkArA zAPOTA(l.)VAn rOyEn]和古巴牛乳树[MAnIlkArA rOXburgHIAnA(WIgHT)dubArd]进行nACl胁迫处理,测定叶片的叶绿素、超氧化物歧化酶(SOd)、过氧化物酶(POd)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白等指标及盆土的实际盐度。结果表明,人心果在盐度1.98‰以内、古巴牛乳树在盐度2.42‰以内没有盐害;在nACl胁迫下,两树种的叶绿素合成受到明显抑制;随着处理浓度增加,人心果叶片的SOd活性升高,各处理浓度下的活性都显著高于对照,但POd和CAT活性呈现先升后降趋势,古巴牛乳树叶片的CAT活性升高,但SOd和POd活性降低,三者活性在各处理浓度下都显著高于对照;人心果叶片的脯氨酸含量在各处理浓度均显著高于对照,可溶性蛋白含量在处理浓度为4‰及以上时显著高于对照,古巴牛乳树叶片的脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白在处理浓度为4‰及以上时显著高于对照,推测脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白作为渗透调节物质在人心果、古巴牛乳树受nACl胁迫过程中起着重要的作用。The physiological characteristics of Manilkara zapota(L.)van Royen and Manilkara roxburghiana(Wight)Dubard were studied by watering the potted plants with NaCl solution.The characteristics include chlorophyll,proline,soluble protein,SOD,POD,CAT and so on.The results showed that Manilkara zapota(L.)van Royen grew well below 1.98‰ NaCl stress condition,so did Manilkara roxburghiana(Wight)Dubard below 2.42‰ NaCl stress condition.Under NaCl stress,chlorophyll synthesis was significantly restricted;For Manilkara zapota(L.)van Royen,the activity of the SOD increased,however the activity of POD or CAT increased first and then dropped.The content of proline was higher significantly than that of the control,so did the content of soluble protein when the concentration of NaCl was between 4‰--8‰.For Manilkara roxburghiana(Wight)Dubard,the activity of CAT increased and that of SOD or POD decreased.The activities of the SOD,POD and CAT differed significantly from that of the control.The content of proline or soluble protein was higher than that of the control when the concentration of NaCl was between 4‰--8‰.The small organic molecules working as osmotic potentials in cells played a key role in salt tolerance for the two species.厦门市科技计划项目(No.3502Z20092023

止屈器对地基梁屈曲传播抑制的有限元分析与数值模拟

本文着重考虑了梁质量惯性的影响,采用动力有限元和带预测的弧长控制技术相结合的方法,计算和分析了止屈器对地基梁屈曲传播抑制的作用．大量算例表明：计及动态得到的止屈效果和前人的准静态结果相比有显著不同

Soluble Sugars and MDA in Leaves of Two ManilkaraSpecies under Salt Stress

采用盆栽试验法,以0、2‰、4‰、6‰、8‰nACl溶液分别对铁线子属果树古巴牛乳树MAnIlkArA rOXburgHIAnA(WIgHT)dubArd、人心果MAnIlkArA zAPOTA(l.)VAn rOyEn进行胁迫处理,对植株盐害现象、土壤实际全盐度和叶片可溶性糖、丙二醛含量的变化进行比较。试验结果表明:古巴牛乳树、人心果分别在土壤实际全盐度3.38‰、2.88‰出现2级盐害,在4.28‰、4.05‰时出现3级盐害。2种果树叶片可溶性糖含量变化与nACl用量梯度呈现正相关,并和对照差异显著。叶片丙二醛含量在2‰、4‰nACl时和对照差异不显著,在6‰、8‰nACl时与对照差异显著。试验结果推断:2种铁线子属果树在6‰、8‰nACl处理时,叶片细胞膜脂过氧化加重;可溶性糖作为渗透调节物质对植物幼苗抵抗nACl胁迫可能起着重要作用。Mechanism of the salt tolerance of Manilkara roxburghiana(Wight)Dubard and Manilkara zapota(L.)van Royen was investigated.The potted plants of the two species were watered with 0,2‰,4‰,6‰ or 8‰ NaCl solutions to observe the damages to the seedlings,as well as the induced changes on soil salinity and on the soluble sugars and MDA in the plant leaves by the salt stress.M.roxburghiana and M.zapota showed a Grade II salt damage under 3.38‰ and 2.88‰ NaCl stress,respectively,and a Grade III damage under 4.28‰ and 4.05‰ salt stress,respectively.The soluble sugars in the leaves of the plants increased with increasing concentration of NaCl,and were significantly different from those of Control without the salt stress.It was speculated that,with respect to the cellular osmosis,the soluble sugars might have increased by the plant in response to the presence of salt so as to improve its tolerance to the stress.The contents of MDA also differed significantly from Control under 6‰ or 8‰NaCl stress indicating the presence of a serious membrane lipid peroxidation on the plants.厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20092023

The Eco-physiological Response of Lucuma nervosa A. DC. to NaCl Stress

采用盆栽实验法,分别用盐度为2,4,6,8的nACl溶液对蛋黄果(luCuMA nErVOSA A.dC)进行了nACl胁迫处理,测定其叶绿素、超氧化物酶(SOd)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POd)、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛等生理生态指标以及盆土的实际盐度,研究蛋黄果的耐盐性并为果树的耐盐机理提供理论依据.结果表明:在nACl胁迫下,蛋黄果的生长及叶绿素合成受到明显抑制,在土壤盐度小于0.19时无盐害现象;SOd、POd的活性均随nACl浓度增加而显著升高,CAT活性在盐度为4--8时与对照有显著差异;脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛含量变化均与处理盐度呈现正相关,其中,脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量在各个处理盐度均与对照存在显著差异,可溶性糖含量在处理盐度为6和8时与对照存在显著差异.In this paper,the eco-physiological characteristics of NaCl stress in Lucuma nervosa A.DC.were researched by watering the potted plants with 0,2,4,6,8 NaCl.The characteristics include the changes about growth,chlorophyll,proline,soluble protein,soluble sugar,SOD,POD,CAT,MDA and so on.The results showed that the growth and chlorophyll synthesis were significantly restricted,the plants grew well when the soil salinity was below 0.19,the activity of the SOD,POD,CAT and the content of the proline,protein,sugar,MDA increased significantly under the NaCl stress.The content of the proline and the soluble protein rose obviously when the concentration of NaCl is from 2 to 8,while content of soluble sugar rises obviously when the concentration of NaCl is 6 or 8.Through the eco-physiological response to NaCl stress,the NaCl tolerance of Lucuma nervosa is learned and the theory about salt tolerance mechanism is enriched also.厦门市科技局资助项目(3502Z20092023

Effects of Nickel Content and Simulated Heat Affected Zone of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel on Pitting Corrosion

本文研究了Ｎｉ元素及不同模拟焊后热影响区（ＨＡＺ）组织对２２０５双相不锈钢孔蚀性质之影响．结果发现：在研究成分范围内，不同Ｎｉ含量对于底材电化学极化曲线之影响不大，其Ｅｎｐ和Ｅｎｐ均在１１００～１２００ｍＶ之间．然而不同冷速之Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ模拟ＨＡＺ组织，其极化曲线不但阳极电流密度增加，Ｅｎｐ及Ｅｎｐ下降，钝态区域缩小，且循环扫描以后有明显迟滞现象．显示经过不同冷却时间之热履历，已破坏２２０５双相不锈钢抗孔蚀能力，而蚀孔形成后之再钝化能力也变差．电解分离分析法证实形成Ｃｒ２Ｎ之Ｎ含量超过２００×１０－６时，循环极化曲线积分之Ｑ值有显著增加之趋势，显示ＨＡＺ组织抗孔蚀性质能力主要和Ｃｒ２Ｎ析出量多寡有关，Ｃｒ２Ｎ愈多，孔蚀生长之速率也愈快．但部份ＨＡＺ组织会形成Ｃｒ２Ｎ无析出区，此种无析出区不易诱发蚀孔The effects of nickel content and Gleeble simulated heat affected zone(HAZ) of 2205 stainless steel on pitting corrosion were investigated in this paper. The results showed that nickel content, ranging from 4.5 wt% to 6.5 wt% in base metal, had only a minor effect on the electrochemical polarization curves, with all Enp's and Epp's falling in the rang of 1 1001200 mV. Comparing with the base metal, the simulated HAZ microstructure caused an increase in the anodic current density, a distinct decrease in both Enp and Epp , and a reduction in the passive range. Furthermore, hysteresis behavior was found as revealed in each cyclic polarization curve with different cooling cycle. It indicated that the pitting corrosion resistance and repassivation ability of duplex stainless steels were deteriorated by thermal cycling. Electrolytic extraction method proved that the Q values of integral cyclic polarization curves markedly increased while the nitrogen as Cr2N exceeded 20010-6. The susceptibility to pitting corrosion of HAZ was colsely related to the amount Cr2N precipitete. The higher the amount of Cr2N precipitated, the faster the rate of pitting propagation. However, in the nitride precipitate_free zones(PFZ), no pitting corrosion resistance was observed.作者联系地址：成功大学材料科学及工程学系,中国钢铁公司钢铝研究发展处Author's Address: Dept. of Materials Sci. and Engin., Cheng Kung Univ., Tainan Hsieh RongiuanPan Yeongtsuen Steel and Aluminum Research and Development Dept., China Steel Corporation, Kaohsiun

黄土塬区麦田CO_2通量季节变化

利用涡度相关法对黄土塬区小麦地CO2通量季节变化进行了研究。结果表明:(1)小麦CO2通量日变化与生育期、光合有效辐射、土壤温度密切相关。(2)小麦各生育期CO2的平均日收支由大到小依次为拔节孕穗期>返青期>起身期>抽穗期>成熟期>灌浆期>出苗分蘖期>越冬期。(3)白昼CO2通量与光合有效辐射在出苗分蘖期、起身期、成熟期几乎不相关,在灌浆期低度相关,在其他生育期内都达到了显著相关。CO2通量与夜间2cm土壤温度在越冬、起身、拔节孕穗期显著相关,其他5个生育期内为低度相关。(4)小麦收割后表现为碳源,各天具体状况与前一天是否降雨、当天的天气状况有关