Optimization of β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Technology of Volatile Oil from Pueraria Compound by Orthogonal Design

目的优选葛根复方挥发油的包合工艺,提高制剂的稳定性。方法采用饱和水溶液法制备包合物,以挥发油中藁本内酯、桂皮醛、甲基丁香酚包合率及包合物得率为综合评价指标,采用正交试验法考察挥发油与β-环糊精的比例、包合时间、包合温度对包合工艺的影响,优化得到葛根复方中挥发油的最优包合工艺。结果葛根复方中挥发油的最佳包合工艺条件为挥发油与β-环糊精比例为1∶8,包合温度为30℃,包合时间为1h,验证试验中,藁本内酯、桂皮醛及甲基丁香酚的包合率为别为86.58%±0.009%,73.34%±0.001%,68.89%±0.020%,包合物得率为67.98%±0.047%。结论所确定的包合工艺挥发油的包合率高、工艺稳定可行。Objective To obtain the optimized technology of volatile oil from Pueraria Compound with β-Cyclodextrin（ β-CD）. Methods The inclusion compound was prepared by saturated peroxide solution method. In order to optimize inclusion technology,orthogonal design was performed,with the content of multi-target ingredient,such as ligustilide,cinnamic aldehyde,methyleugenol and the yield of inclusion as comprehensive evaluation indexes. Three factor was performed,the ratio of volatile oil（ m L） to β-CD（ g）,the inclusion temperature and the inclusion time. Results The optimum conditions for inclusion process were as follow： the ratio of volatile oil（ m L） to β-CD（ g） was 1： 8,the inclusion temperature was 30℃ and the inclusion time was 1h. With the optimum inclusion condition,the content of ligustilide,cinnamic aldehyde and methyleugenol and the yield of inclusion were 86. 58% ± 0. 009%,73. 34% ± 0. 001%,68. 89% ± 0. 020%,and 67. 98% ± 0. 047%,respectively.Conclusion The optimum inclusion condition was stable and reproducible with a high inclusion yield.国家自然科学基金（No.81270901）;上海市教委基金（No.15cxy21

Determination of Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from the Root of Cunninghamia lanceolata

用干馏工艺扩试提取杉根精油,干馏釜3m3,干馏温度105～420℃,时间6.0h,产品得率为6.08%,是水蒸气蒸馏提取方法的3倍。产品相对密度(25℃)为0.9912～1.021,折射率nD20为1.4799,旋光度+0.5°。应用GC法对100～250℃的精油化学成分进行了分析,分出41个色谱峰,共鉴定出39个化合物,占该精油总质量的99.16%,其中主要成分为α-蒎烯3.8010%(质量分数,下同),d-柠檬烯2.8893%,β-松油烯7.1880%,长叶烯10.4162%,β-石竹烯4.2064%,α-木罗烯3.017%,β-松油醇2.876%,β-榄香烯4.5719%,柏木醇31.5087%,愈创木醇6.1426%,实验结果表明,精油化学成分及含量因树龄、树的部位、提取工艺不同,差异很大。The essential oil of the root of Cunninghamia lanceolata was extracted in industrial-scale test retort volume 3 m3 by destructive distillation under the carbonization temperature of 105～420 ℃ during the period of six hours.Yield of the oil is 6.08%,three times that by hydrodistillation.Density of the oil(25 ℃) is 0.9912～1.021 and refractive index(20 ℃) is 1.4799,optical rotation is+0.5°.Through GC,39 compounds were identified,amounting to 99.16%of the chromatographic peak area.The major components are α-pinene 3.801%(mass fraction),d-limonene 2.889 3%,β-terpinene 7.188 0%,longifolene 10.416 2%,β-caryophyllene 4.206 4%,α-muulorene 3.017%,β-terpineol 2.876%,β-elemene 4.571 9%,cedar camphor 31.508 7% and guaiol 6.142 6%.The result shows that the constituents of the essential oil change with the age and position of the tree and the extraction technics.福建省自然科学基金(z0513018)~

ATR/Chk1 signaling induces autophagy through sumoylated RhoB-mediated lysosomal translocation of TSC2 after DNA damage

RhoB作为抑癌蛋白通过诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡在抑制肿瘤的发生发展中发挥着重要作用，并且与肿瘤耐药性密切相关，但关于RhoB如何促进细胞死亡的分子机理的研究仍不清楚。在本研究中，该团队发现在DNA单链损伤情况下，ATR-Chk1信号通路的激活，会使RhoB被Chk1磷酸化，该磷酸化修饰会使RhoB从细胞质膜解离下来进入细胞质中，进而被SUMO化修饰。SUMO化修饰后的RhoB会与TSC2形成复合物，并将TSC2复合物带到溶酶体上，引起细胞自噬的发生。 该文共同第一作者为刘明冬、曾涛玲和张新，通讯作者为王洪睿教授和赵同金教授。【Abstract】DNA damage can induce autophagy; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here we report that DNA damage leads to autophagy through ATR/Chk1/RhoB-mediated lysosomal recruitment of TSC complex and subsequent mTORC1 inhibition. DNA damage caused by ultraviolet light (UV) or alkylating agent methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) results in phosphorylation of small GTPase RhoB by Chk1. Phosphorylation of RhoB enhances its interaction with the TSC2, and promotes its sumoylation by PIAS1, which is required for RhoB/TSC complex to translocate to lysosomes. As a result, mTORC1 is inhibited, and autophagy is activated. Knockout of RhoB severely attenuates lysosomal translocation of TSC complex and the DNA damage-induced autophagy. Reintroducing wild-type but not sumoylation-resistant RhoB into RhoB−/− cells restores the onset of autophagy. Hence, our study identifies a molecular mechanism for translocation of TSC complex to lysosomes in response to DNA damage, which depends on ATR/Chk1-mediated RhoB phosphorylation and sumoylation.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1605222, 81472459, 31671223), the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2016YFC1302400, 2016YFA0502003), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20720140550, 20720160070), the National Science Foundation for Fostering Talents in Basic Research of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (J1310027), the Project 111 sponsored by the State Bureau of Foreign Experts and Ministry of Education (B12001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601132) to T.Z., the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81402290) to Q.L., and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1405223) to X.D

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

蒙脱石-氨基酸复合体的热演化机理

有机小分子物质合成生物大分子物质的过程是生命前驱体产生的重要步骤,研究该过程对认识生命起源过程具有重要的意义。在原始岛弧火山喷发环境中,粘土矿物碎屑可能会与氨基酸等生物单体结合形成粘土-有机质复合体,并可能进入原始海洋时发生沉积。当海底火山喷发时,粘土-有机质复合体会经历一

油气生成过程中黏土矿物的作用——基于矿物界面作用的思考

自20世纪40年代发现黏土矿物能够催化生油母质转化为石油(Grim,1947;Brooks,1949)以来,"油气生成过程中黏土矿物的作用"及其相关问题引起了石油地质学、矿物学和催化化学等多个领域的广泛关注。通过几代研究者们的努力,在地层矿物组成影响生烃机理、黏土矿物热解生烃机制等方面取得了丰富的研究发现(王行信,2006;袁鹏,2012)。然而,对油气生成中所涉黏土矿物微观

用智能波长校正的扫描式ICP光谱仪测定铬铁矿中六种元素成分

本文利用作者所在实研究室开发的扫描式ＩＣＰ光谱仪的智能波长校正装置取代传统的ＩＣＰ光谱仪的局部恒温系统，测定了铬铁矿及铬酸盐中的Ｃｒ、Ｓｉ，Ａｌ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ和Ｍｇ六种元素成分。测定结果与铬矿标样的鉴定值基本一致，测量的相对标准价差（ＲＳＤ）为１．０％。智能波长校正装置的波长校正结果与谱线峰值描述结果的比较表明，该智能波长校正装置是有效的，具有省时、安全、结构简单的特点，有广泛的应用的前景

用智能波长校正的扫描式ICP光谱仪测定铬铁矿中六种元素成分

本文利用作者所在实研究室开发的扫描式ＩＣＰ光谱仪的智能波长校正装置取代传统的ＩＣＰ光谱仪的局部恒温系统，测定了铬铁矿及铬酸盐中的Ｃｒ，Ｓｉ，Ａｌ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ和Ｍｇ六种元素成分。测定结果与铬矿标样的鉴定值基本一致，测量的相对标准偏差（ＲＳＤ）为１．０％，智能波和工校正装置的波长校正结果与谱线峰值描迹结果的比较表明，该智能波长校正装置是有效的，具有省时，安全，结构简单的特点，有广泛的应用的前景

Optimization of beta - Cyclodextrin Inclusion Technology of Volatile Oil from Pueraria Compound by Orthogonal Design

目的优选葛根复方挥发油的包合工艺,提高制剂的稳定性。方法采用饱和水溶液法制备包合物,以挥发油中藁本内酯、桂皮醛、甲基丁香酚包合率及包合物得率为综; 合评价指标,采用正交试验法考察挥发油与beta; -环糊精的比例、包合时间、包合温度对包合工艺的影响,优化得到葛根复方中挥发油的最优包合工艺。结果葛根复方中挥发油的最佳包合工艺条件为挥发油与be; ta -环糊精比例为1:8,包合温度为30℃,包合时间为1h,验证试验中,藁本内酯、桂皮醛及甲基丁香酚的包合率为别为86.58% ; 0.009%,73.34% 0.001%,68.89% 0.020%,包合物得率为67.98% ; 0.047%。结论所确定的包合工艺挥发油的包合率高、工艺稳定可行。Objective To obtain the optimized technology of volatile oil from; Pueraria Compound with beta - Cyclodextrin (beta - CD). Methods The; inclusion compound was prepared by saturated peroxide solution method.; In order to optimize inclusion technology,orthogonal design was; performed,with the content of multi - target ingredient,such as; ligustilide,cinnamic aldehyde, methyleugenol and the yield of inclusion; as comprehensive evaluation indexes. Three factor was performed,the; ratio of volatile oil (mL) to beta - CD (g),the inclusion temperature; and the inclusion time. Results The optimum conditions for inclusion; process were as follow:the ratio of volatile oil (mL) to beta - CD (g); was 1:8,the inclusion temperature was 30℃ and the inclusion time was 1h.; With the optimum inclusion condition,the content of ligustilide,cinnamic; aldehyde and methyleugenol and the yield of inclusion were 86.58% ; 0.009%,73.34% 0.001%,68.89% 0.020%,and 67.98% 0.047%,respectively.; Conclusion The optimum inclusion condition was stable and reproducible; with a high inclusion yield.国家自然科学基金; 上海市教委基