淡水鱼类狭腹鳋属一新种

<正> 作者于1988年4—5月参加了武陵山区鱼类寄生虫的调查工作,收集到一些寄生桡足类标本,经整理,发现了一种以往文献未记载过的狭腹鳋新种,现报道如下: 模式标本保存于中国科学院水生生物研究所鱼病研究室,文中量度单位为mm

Study on the fitting model of AlN by ellipsometric spectroscopy

采用椭圆偏振光谱对MOCVD生长的AlN薄膜在波长430~850 nm的光学参数进行了测量.通过建立不同的物理和色散模型,分别考察了薄膜表面和界面的椭偏效应.拟合结果表明,AlN薄膜的物理模型在引入表面层后,两类色散模型拟合的数据均与椭偏光谱实验数据吻合得很好.进一步考虑界面层所拟合的结果显示,界面层对Lorentz色散模型的影响较小,并且,其拟合所得AlN薄膜厚度与扫描电镜所测厚度一致,因此,认为仅含表面层的Lorentz色散模型更简单实用.The optical parameters of AlN film,which was grown by MOCVD system,were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the wavelength range of 430~850nm.Through the establishment of different physical and dispersion models,The effects of the surface and interface on spectroscopic ellipsometry were inspected.The results indicate that after the introduction of surface,the fitting data of two dispersion model all have a good agreement with the SE experimental data.Further results of considering the interface layer show that the effect of interface layer for Lorentz dispersion model is smaller,and,the fitting thickness of AlN film is consistent with the SEM result.Therefore,the Lorentz dispersion model with only surface layer is more simple and practical for AlN film.“863”计划资助项目(2006AA03A110);; 基础科研资助项目(A1420060155);; 国家自然科学基金资助项目(60336020);; 厦门市科技计划资助项目(3502Z20063001

考虑分布式再生能源和储能的主动配电网可靠性评估

随着主动配电网技术的逐步发展和应用,针对主动配电网的各项评估技术也需要进一步研究。由于主动配电网在网络结构、潮流流向等方面与传统配电网有很大区别,因此针对主动配电网的评估方法也与传统配电网不同,提出了一种考虑分布式再生能源和储能的主动配电网可靠性评估方法。首先运用蒙特卡洛模拟法进行系统状态选择,再基于不同网络类型,采用改进的前推回代潮流计算方法进行潮流计算与潮流平衡调整,进而计算各项评估指标,获取综合评估值。通过对9个方案进行可靠性评估,验证了所提方法的有效性

Control method for aircraft wake vortex based on Rayleigh-Ludwig instability

在飞机飞行的过程中尾涡会伴随着升力产生,威胁后机的飞行安全.在简化机翼模型上添加扰流片,通过一个矩形翼以引入一个与主翼尾涡大小不同、方向相反的小涡,构建尾流自消散四涡系统,以期诱发尾涡的rAylEIgH-ludWIg相交不稳定性.通过改变扰流片的大小形状,调整模型的攻角和拖曳速度,采用粒子图像速度场仪测量系统定量研究在低雷诺数下单主翼尾涡发展特性以及双涡相互作用特性.研究表明:在未添加扰流片时,尾涡环量在45个翼展内相对于初始环量基本保持不变;在添加扰流片的情况下尾涡的环量衰减可以达到35%~55%,而未添加的基本翼型的尾涡的环量则几乎保持不变,这说明添加适当的扰流片能诱发尾涡的rAylEIgH-ludWIg相交不稳定性,加速尾涡的消散,当小涡和主涡的初始环量比为-0.489、初始距离比为0.5时,45个翼展范围内,尾涡环量衰减55.9%.本文系统性的实验结果可以为低尾流机翼的设计提供参考依据.The aircraft wake vortex is an inherent flow phenomenon due to the lift generation mechanism,which has a negative impact on the flight safety.By adding a set of specially designed spoiler,a rectangular wing was designed to generate a pair of weaker vortices,which had different sizes and opposite direction compared to main wing vortices,thereby constructing a self-destructive four-vortex wake system to induce Rayleigh-Ludwig instability.Under different experimental conditions,in terms of changing the size or shape of the spoiler,towing speed and angle of attack,the wake vortex development of the test model,that both with and without spoiler,as well as the circulation analysis,were acquired particle image velocimetry( PIV) measurements under the low Reynolds number.The study demonstrates that the decrease in circulation was 35% to55% in 45 wingspans when spoilers are introduced,whereas the counterpart of the baseline airfoil,without spoilers,is nearly kept steadily,which reveal the application possibility of Rayleigh-Ludwig instability in alleviating the wake vortex.As the initial circulation ratio equals to- 0.489 and the initial distance ratio is0.5,the circulation of the primary vortex reduce most significantly( 55.9%) in 45 wingspans.Results would provide a scheme in the design of airfoils with weaker vortices.国家自然科学基金(11072206

Effects of Municipal Domestic Sewage Effluents on the Growth of Calendula officinalis

用三种稀释倍数的城市生活污水[污水∶清水(v/v)为1﹕0、1﹕0.5、1﹕1]处理金盏菊种子及盆花,结果表明,污灌处理不仅显著地降低种子的萌发率,还增加萌发后幼苗病害的发生率;未经稀释的原生污水显著抑制金盏菊幼苗的生长,而稀释后抑制作用降低,当稀释至适当浓度时,则对幼苗生长起促进作用;对于金盏菊成年植株,污灌处理(不论稀释与否)显著地增加其茎、叶和根的鲜重,分别较对照增加161.63%～215.12%、86.77%～109.23%和23.89%～34.13%。综合分析表明,原生污水经过适当稀释后用于草花污灌,可以使污水中的营养盐得到回用,提高草花的观赏性。The seeds and potted plants of Calendula officinalis were treated with municipal domestic sewage effluents. The treatments were divided into 4 groups according to effluents : tap water(v/v): I, 1 : 0; II, 1 : 0.5; III, 1 : 1; control, 0 : 1. Compared with the control, sewage irrigation treatments (I, II and III) obviously reduced the rate of seed germination and increased the disease incidence of seedlings. The undiluted raw sewage could remarkably restrain the seedling growth, and the retarding effect could be relaxed by diluting with tap water. Furthermore, the diluted sewage of proper concentration could improve the seedlings growth. Compared to the control, sewage irrigation treatments increased the fresh weight of the stem, leave and root of full-grown C. officinalis plant by 161.63 %～215.12 %, 86.77 %～109.23 % and 23.89 %～34.13 %, respectively. The results of this study showed that the diluted sewage could be reused in irrigation and the nutrient elements in the sewage effluents could increase the ornamental value of herbage flowers

Effect of the Construction of Green Belts on the Attenuation of Traffic Noise along the Urban Trunk Roads in Xiamen City

通过对厦门市主干道绿化带种类结构调查以及噪声测定等,分析了厦门市主干道绿化带结构及其减噪效果。结果表明,厦门市主干道绿化带可分为4种结构:单一乔木型、乔木+疏灌木/绿篱型、乔木+密灌木型以及乔木+小乔木+灌木/绿篱型,带宽多在4~10M。厦门市主干道绿化带总体减噪能力为0.93~12.96db,绿化带对交通噪声超标治理率达70%。绿化带减噪能力y(db)与带宽X(M)呈显著的线性关系:y=1.2251X+0.2416(r2=0.8603);绿化带的附加衰减与总衰减亦呈显著正相关:y=0.4535X+0.2698(r2=0.9242),噪声的附加衰减主要受绿化带结构的影响,上述四种结构对噪声附加衰减平均值分别达0.93、2.25、4.43和6.72db。绿化带的宽度和结构均是影响其减噪效果的关键因素。Through site investigation and noise monitoring, the effects of the construction of green belts along the urban trunk roads in Xiamen Island on the attenuation of noise has been studied.The results show that the construction of green belts along the trunk road can be divided into four kinds of types as bellows: type I, single arbor; type II, arbor + shrub; type III, arbor + sub-arbor and type Ⅳ, arbor + sub-arbor + shrub.Their width varied among 4--10 m.The noise-reducing ability (y, dB) of the green belts varied from 0.93 to 12.96 dB with various belt widths (x, m), and can be expressed as following: y=1.2251x+0.2416.Meanwhile the additive attenuation of traffic noise (y, dB) presents a closely linear relationship with the total noise-reducing ability (x, dB) as following: y=0.4535x+0.2698 (R2=0.9242).Meanwhile, the additive attenuation of traffic noise is main affected by the constructions of green belts, which reached 0.93, 2.25, 4.43 and 6.72 dB, respectively for the above four kinds of construction types.It shows that the width and construction of green belts play the same important role to reduce the traffic noise

The optical constants of GaN film investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry

采用椭圆偏振光谱法,在1.5~6.5 eV光谱范围研究了纤锌矿结构GaN外延薄膜.通过物理模型建立和光谱拟合得到了GaN外延薄膜的厚度和光学常数.所得厚度值与扫描电子显微镜测量的结果相差仅为0.4%.表明所采用的模型和Cauchy吸收色散表式适用于GaN薄膜.进一步采用四相逐点拟合算法得到更全面更准确的GaN薄膜光学常数.A wurtzite GaN thin film was investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry(SE) in the spectrum range of 1.5~6.5eV.The thickness and optical constants were obtained by building physical structure model and spectral fitting.The difference of the thickness obtained by SE and by scanning electron microscope(SEM) is only 0.4%,which shows that the model and Cauchy absorbent formula are suitable to study the properties of GaN.Furthermore,the four-phase point-by-point fitting model was used to obtain the optical constants in more accuracy.“863”计划资助项目(2006AA03A110);; 基础科研资助项目(A1420060155);; 国家自然科学基金资助项目(60336020);; 厦门市科技计划资助项目(3502Z20063001

Distribution pattern of PAHs in Jiulong River Estuary by both measurement and simulation

于2011年12月(冬季)在厦门九龙江河口及西港采集9个表层海水水样,采用固相萃取—气质联用方法(SPE-GC-MS)分析其中16种多环芳烃含量。研究结果表明,总溶解态态∑PAH含量为157.9~858.0 ng/L。在河口区,随着盐度升高,PAHs含量逐渐降低。基于比值法分析,表明厦门九龙江及西港海域海水中的PAHs来源存在多种途径,呈现混合来源的态势。利用LEVEL III逸度模型研究菲,芘和苯并(a)芘在各介质间的分布以及水——气界面的交换通量。模拟结果与本文实测和文献中的实测值相吻合。在16℃时,三种多环芳烃的大气沉降通量分别为17.38,7.86和8.38μg/day/m2。其中菲在大气沉降中占主导地位,约三分之二。三种多环芳烃的大气沉降通量均随温度升高而减少。当温度高于32℃时,苯并(a)芘开始从水体释放。The concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons( PAHs) of nine water samples,collected in the Jiulong River Estuary in December,2011,were analyzed using the SPE-GC-MS method. The results showed that the concentration range of total dissolved PAHs( ΣPAHs) was from 157. 9 to 858. 0 ng / L. The horizontal distribution illustrated that the concentration of ΣPAHs decreased as salinity increased. Based on ratio analysis,PAHs have complicated sources. A Level III fugacity model was developed to simulate the multimedia fate of PAHs and to study the air-water exchange fluxes of three PAHs( phenanthrene,pyrene,benzo[a]pyrene) in the Jiulong River Estuary. The calculated concentration of PAHs was similar to that measured in this study or reported in earlier literature. At 16℃,the net atmosphere deposition fluxes of these PAHs were 17. 38,7. 86 and 8. 38 μg / day / m2. Phenanthrene was predominant in the atmospheric deposition. The net atmospheric deposition fluxes of these PAHs all decreased with tem-perature. When the temperature was above 32. 0℃,benzo[a]pyrene was released from the water into the air.国家自然科学基金(40776044);; 福建省自然科学基金(2012J05078);; 福建省杰出青年科学基金(2014J06014);; 中央高校基本科研专项(20720140507

重视南方滨海地区城镇园林绿化树种盐害的研究

介绍国内外城镇园林绿化树种耐盐性的研究概况、城市土壤盐分的来源、盐分在土壤中的移动、盐害发生的原因、影响植物耐盐性的因素及盐害的诊断和宜采取的措施等，指出开展南方滨海地区城镇园林绿化树种盐害的研究 ,尤其是筛选耐盐树种是目前面临的紧迫任务