Deleuze on cinematic perception——by example of “Cinema 1： The Movement-Image”

德勒茲（Gilles Deleuze, 1925–1995）的電影知覺（cinematic perception）有別於一般傳統的自然知覺（natural perception）。後者將知覺劃限在人的領域，或更廣泛來說，是有機體（organism）的知覺，其對外在世界知覺的結果呈現為一種組織化的型態。前者則不只以人為知覺中心，甚至人不再是知覺的中心。電影影像同時所呈現的是導演與攝影機的「看」，這樣的電影知覺即是所謂的非個人的知覺（impersonal perception）。於是，電影知覺擺脫自然知覺原有的侷限，解放被組織化的知覺對象，呈現出諸如液態知覺、氣態知覺或分子知覺等多面向且具流動性的知覺樣態。我們可以說，德勒茲一方面談電影，另方面以哲學的精神反省與批判人類的主體主義。本文目的在於通過德勒茲對於電影的探討，去拓展原有的知覺概念，特別是拓展被現象學（phenomenology）所限制的知覺概念，以豐富知覺的內涵

A Comparative Study in Pretreatments of Acid Chemical Wastewater by Electrochemical Oxidation and Ozonation

保持一定酸度条件下对比了电化学氧化和臭氧氧化预处理酸性化工废水的效能（废水原pH 0.85）. 结果表明，在废水中添加2 g·L-1 NaCl电化学氧化预处理效果较佳，30 mA·cm-2条件下电解20 min后水样的CODCr（化学需氧量）去除率达43.4%，BOD5/CODCr（生化需氧量与化学需氧量的比值）值从原来的0.034上升至0.14，可生化性明显提高. 单独臭氧化仅在pH 7.0才能取得一定的预处理效能. Ti(Ⅳ)/O3/H2O2高级氧化体系在pH 2.85条件下亦有较好的预处理效果，16 min后水样CODCr去除率达22.9%，BOD5/CODCr值则提高至0.072.Under the condition of keeping certain acidity, the pretreatment efficiency of an acid chemical wastewater (pH 0.85) by electrochemical oxidation was compared with that by ozonation. The results showed that the electrochemical oxidation pretreatment could obtain a better result than the ozonation at pH 0.85. After the addition of 2 g·L-1 NaCl and with the electrochemical oxidation pretreatment at 30 mA·cm-2, the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) reached 43.4%, and the value of biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD5/CODCr) also increased from 0.034 to 0.14 in 20 minutes, indicating significantly improvement in the biodegradability of the wastewater. However, the ozonation alone had a low pretreatment efficiency at pH 0.85, and could only become as effective as those done by the electrochemical oxidation pretreatment at pH 7.0. A ozone-based advanced oxidation technology, Ti(Ⅳ)/O3/H2O2, was also relatively effective at pH 2.85. The value of 22.9% for the removal rate of CODCr could be obtained and the value of BOD5/CODCr went up from 0.034 to 0.072 in 16 min.国家自然科学基金项目（No. 20406019，No. 21176225）资助作者联系地址：浙江工业大学化学工程与材料学院，绿色化学合成技术国家重点实验室培育基地，浙江 杭州 310032Author's Address: College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032,China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

愛滋感染者的污名與靈性照顧HIV Stigma and Spiritual Care in People Living With HIV

[[abstract]]1997年台灣免費給予愛滋感染者高效能抗愛滋病毒治療之後，感染愛滋病毒已是一種慢性病，由於感染愛滋病毒與行為相關，愛滋病毒感染者大多以負面形象呈現，承受多重刻板印象及愛滋污名。內化的愛滋污名影響感染者的靈性健康，包含羞愧、自我責備、害怕病情公開、影響感染者與他人關係的建立，降低感染者自我價值感及對於天、人、物、我間的和諧關係。護理專業需提供愛滋感染者全人的照護，使其生命價值能達到身、心、靈的和諧，本篇文章介紹愛滋污名，愛滋污名引發的歧視如何影響愛滋感染者的靈性健康，去除愛滋污名提升愛滋感染者靈性健康，讓台灣能儘早達成聯合國愛滋病署2030年對全球愛滋病防治零歧視、零感染、零死亡的三零的願景。 HIV infection has been a manageable and chronic illness in Taiwan since the highly active antiretroviral therapy was introduced in 1997. HIV infection is a stigmatized disease due to its perceived association with risky behaviors. HIV often carries a negative image, and people living with HIV(PLWH) face discrimination on multiple fronts. Internalized HIV stigma impacts the spiritual health of people living with HIV in terms of increased levels of shame, self-blame, fear of disclosing HIV status, and isolation and decreased value and connections with God, others, the environment, and the self. Nursing professionals provide holistic care for all people living with HIV and value their lives in order to achieve the harmony of body, mind, and spirit. This article describes the stigma that is currently associated with HIV and how stigma-related discrimination affects the spiritual health of PLWH and then proposes how to reduce discrimination and stigma in order to improve the spiritual health of PLWH through appropriate spiritual care. Reducing HIV stigma and promoting spiritual well-being will enable Taiwan to achieve the 'Three Zeros' of zero discrimination, zero infection, and zero death advocated by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS for ending the AIDS epidemic in 2030