人工气候箱在“六淫”研究中的应用

“六淫“的发生与气候密切相关,人工气候箱可以模拟出自然界可能出现的各种气候类型,为“六淫“实验研究的最重要手段之一,已在风、寒、湿、燥邪等研究中取得一定成果。然而由于气候对人体的影响规律尚不明确,所以研究中还存在同种邪气气候箱条件设置各异、动物在气候箱放置时间各异等问题,也是“六淫“研究今后要深入探讨的问题。认为随着人工气候箱的发展,可以模拟出更精确、复杂的气候环境,可望在“六淫“和其他气候相关科研中发挥更大作用。国家自然科学基金资助项目(81302876); 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2013J05123

HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATION IN AN EVERGREEN BROAD LEAVED FOREST IN THE WUYI MOUNTAINS

[中文文摘]对武夷山甜槠林成熟林水文学效应的研究结果表明：观测期间，年大气降水量2678.78ｍｍ，林内雨量2182.04ｍｍ，林冠截留量为496.74ｍｍ；林内雨中，穿透雨量2082.08ｍｍ，树干茎流99.96ｍｍ；到达甜槠林地作用面的林内雨量中，被地表枯枝落叶层截留的雨量为159.84ｍｍ，地表径流量11.6ｍｍ，地下渗流量109.32ｍｍ，其余林内雨量形成土壤含水量增量并由地表物理蒸发、根系吸收以及植物蒸腾所消耗；甜槠林地o~20０ｃｍ土层水分初渗率78.6ｍｍ·ｍｉｎ－１，稳渗率１５．５ｍｍ·ｍｉｎ－１，达到稳渗历时４５ｍｉｎ，地表枯枝落叶最大持水量5.2ｍｍ，土壤蓄水量154.0ｍｍ。与国内其它地区不同类型的森林相比较，武夷山甜槠林具有较强的水文学效能。[英文文摘]Hydrological observations were made in a 76 year old Castanopsis eyrei forest of the Wuyi Mountains.The results are as follows:(1)In the study period during 1993～1994,annual gross precipitation,net precipitation (throughfall was 208204mm and stemflow was 9996mm)and interception loss were 267878mm,218204mm and 49674mm respectively.Interception rate was 1845%.(2)Net precipitation,the part of gross precipitation appearing on the forest floor,was redistributed through different routes.The part absorbed by litter layer was an annual amount of 15984mm,and accounting for 733%.The parts as surface runoff and below ground drainage were annual amounts of 116mm and 10932mm respectively,and accounting for0.53% and 5.01%,respectively.The rest was kept in soil and then lost to the atmosphere by means of ground physical evaporation or plant transpiration as absorbed by the roots.Its amount was 190128mm,and accounting for 87.13%.(3) The initial infiltration rate and stable infiltration rate for the soil layer of 0～20cm were 786mm·min-1 and 155mm·min-1 respectively.The time needed to arrive at the stable state was 45min.Water storage capacity of soil was 15041t·hm-2.The maximum water holding capacity of litter layer was 52mm.福建省自然科学基金,武夷山自然保护区管理局资

An Empirical Research on Factors Affecting the Adoption of Online Shopping

本文在创新接受理论的基础上,从渠道特性和个体特性的角度建立我国网络购物行为影响因素假设模型,并通过网上调查,运用结构方程建模进行实证研究。研究表明,感知网络购物有用性、感知网络购物容易使用、消费者网络经验、收入和体验型购物导向是决定消费者网络购物的关键因素。This paper uses the Technology Acceptance Model as a theoretical foundation to explore the adoption of online shopping. The theoretical model also adds what are argued to be key factors for the adoption of online shopping from the angles of channel characteristics and individual characteristics. An online-based, self-report survey is developed and administrated, which yield 312 valid sample. The structural equation modeling technique is used to evaluate the casual model. The result of the study indicates that key factors affecting consumers' adoption of online shopping are perceived usefulness, perceived easy of use, income, experiential orientation and internet experience

A Research on Justice-based Service Recovery Strategies

有效的服务补救是企业处理服务失误、挽回顾客满意损失的重要措施。本文以医疗服务业为行业样本,研究了不同程度的服务失误情景下,顾客感受到的公平感知对顾客满意度的影响。研究发现结果公平和过程公平感知对改善服务补救效果都有积极作用,但在不同的服务失误严重性情况下有所不同。最后提出了服务补救策略建议。Effective service recovery is an important way to conduct service failures and restore the loss of customer satisfaction.Taking medical service industry as samples,the author designed different levels of service failures scenario to analyze the impact of the customers' perceived fairness have on satisfaction.The results found that distributive justice and procedural/interactive justice both have positive effect on improving services perception,but,some critical differences also existed under different severity of the failure.Finally,the author proposed recommendations about service recovery strategies.国家自然科学基金项目“知识、权力与人的行为：基于网络环境的企业运行效率研究”(70372034);; 中国博士后科学基金项目“网络环境下医院服务补救与患方满意度及忠诚度的关系研究”(2005038171)

To switch or not to switch?Cognitive and neural mechanisms of card switching behavior

决策是每个人每天都会进行的活动。二择一时,有人择一而终,有人变换不定。这种个体差异可能与坚持性人格和认知灵活性有关。本研究旨在探讨这种行为特征背后的认知神经机制,以便进一步理解决策变换中存在的个体差异。本研究采用了单变量和多变量体素形态学分析的方法分析了350名大学生(其中女性194人,平均年龄19.97岁)在随机猜牌任务中的换牌频率与大脑灰质体积的相关情况,探讨了坚持性人格特质和认知灵活性与换牌频率的关系,并考察了两者在大脑灰质体积与换牌频率中的中介作用。单变量和多变量体素形态学分析结果都表明,左侧后扣带回、右侧额中回、右侧额极和右侧脑岛区域的灰质体积可以预测被试的换牌频率;坚持性人格和认知灵活性在其中起到了中介作用。这些结果阐释了换牌频率个体差异的认知机制和神经基础,对理解为何有的人一味坚持,而有的人灵活变换背后的原因提供了理论基础,同时为开发改善非理性决策行为的方法提供了重要的参考价值。</p

一味坚持还是灵活变换：换牌频率的神经结构基础和认知机制

决策是每个人每天都会进行的活动。二择一时, 有人择一而终, 有人变换不定。这种个体差异可能与坚持性人格和认知灵活性有关。本研究旨在探讨这种行为特征背后的认知神经机制, 以便进一步理解决策变换中存在的个体差异。本研究采用了单变量和多变量体素形态学分析的方法分析了350名大学生(其中女性194人, 平均年龄19.97岁)在随机猜牌任务中的换牌频率与大脑灰质体积的相关情况, 探讨了坚持性人格特质和认知灵活性与换牌频率的关系, 并考察了两者在大脑灰质体积与换牌频率中的中介作用。单变量和多变量体素形态学分析结果都表明, 左侧后扣带回、右侧额中回、右侧额极和右侧脑岛区域的灰质体积可以预测被试的换牌频率; 坚持性人格和认知灵活性在其中起到了中介作用。这些结果阐释了换牌频率个体差异的认知机制和神经基础, 对理解为何有的人一味坚持, 而有的人灵活变换背后的原因提供了理论基础, 同时为开发改善非理性决策行为的方法提供了重要的参考价值

Effect of Sanren Tang (三仁汤) on Mucin 5AC, Aquaporin 1 and Aquaporin 5 in Lung Tissue of Damp-heat Stressed Mice

目的探讨三仁汤防治湿热环境下呼吸系统疾病的可能作用机制。方法72只小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、三仁汤组,每组24只。空白组普通环境喂养,其余两组; 置入气候箱接受高温高湿刺激。三仁汤组小鼠于放入气候箱前、放入气候箱后第12h分别予三仁汤(浓度1g/ml)0.2ml灌胃各1次,空白组和模型组给; 予等量生理盐水灌胃。放入气候箱后第12h、24h、4天时每组取材8只,检测肺组织黏蛋白5AC; (MUC5AC)、水通道蛋白1(AQP1)、水通道蛋白5(AQP5)表达水平。结果模型组第24h时MUC5AC水平高于空白组,三仁汤组第12h; 、24h时MUC5AC表达低于模型组(P0.05)。各组不同时间点AQP1表达水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.; 05)。结论三仁汤可能通过促进肺组织AQP5表达,从而抑制MUC5AC分泌,阻止湿热环境下呼吸系统疾病气道黏液高分泌状态进展。Objective To explore the possible mechanism of Sanren Tang (三仁汤) in; preventing and treating respiratory diseases under damp-heat; circumstances. Methods Seventy-two mice were randomized into blank; group, model group and Sanren Tang group, with 24 mice in each group.; The blank group was fed under conventional environment, while the other; two groups were put into climate chamber with high temperature and high; humidity. The Sanren Tang group was given Sanren Tang (1g/ml 0.2ml)by; gavage before and at the 12th hour of being put into climate chamber.; The blank group and model group were given equivalent normal saline by; gavage. At the 12th, 24th hour and on the 4th day after being put into; climate chamber, eight mice in each group were selected to draw; materials, and the levels of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and; aquaporin 5 (AQP5) were detected. Results The 24th-hour MUC5AC level in; the model group was higher than that in the blank group; the MUC5AC; level at the 12th and the 24th hour in Sanren Tang group was; respectively lower than that in the model group (P0.05). In each group, there was no significant difference of AQP1; level at different time points (P>0.05). Conclusion By promoting the; expression of AQP5 in lung tissue, Sanren Tang may inhibit the secretion; of MUC5AC, and prevent the airway mucus hypersecretion in respiratory; diseases under damp-heat circumstances.国家自然科学基金项目; 福建省自然科学基

Hydrological effect of different age Castanopsis eyrei stands at Wuyi Mountains

对福建省武夷山自然保护区境内不同林龄甜槠林的水文学效应的比较研究表明，由甜槠林幼林至成熟林，其水文学效应逐渐增强，杯冠截流雨量、地表枯枝落叶持水能力、林地土壤水分稳渗率、蓄水能力等指标值随林龄的增长而增加；地表径流量与地下渗流量则呈下降的趋势.这说明成熟的森林植被-土壤系统在调节气候、涵养水源和保持水土等方面具有独特的作用和巨大的效能.A comparative study on the hydrological effect of different age Castanopsis eyrei stands at theWuyi Mountains shows that C.eyrei stands of different ages have a markedly different hydrological effect.In an age-increasing sequence, an increasing trend of hydrological effect was observed. with increasing canopy interception increasing water-hoding capacity of litter layer, increasing water infiltration rate and water holding capocity of forest land, and decreasing surfacerunoff and underground drainage.It is suggested that mature forest vegetetion-soil spstem has aunique role and a gigantic effect on adjusting climate, holding water source, and conserving water and soil, and hence, the mature forest land must be conserved especially.福建省自然科学基金!C92004;武夷山自然保护区管理局资

2005～2014年CERN野外台站气象观测场土壤含水量数据集

土壤水分是影响陆地–大气边界层能量和物质传输的重要因子。土壤水分含量是中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)陆地生态系统水环境长期定位观测的重要指标。截至2014年,CERN全国范围内包括农田、森林、草地、荒漠与湿地等生态类型的34个陆地生态系统台站,依据陆地水环境观测规范、质量保证与质量控制规范,设立观测样地,并开展土壤含水量的长期定位观测与数据汇交及质控工作。CERN水分分中心选取了这34个台站2005～2014年气象观测场的土壤含水量长期监测数据,通过进一步统一规范数据格式,形成了全国范围内较长时间序列的公开共享数据集,为土壤含水量时空动态的遥感反演、模型估算验证提供地面实测数据支撑