一个包含HCVIRES的高效真核双顺反子表达载体的构建

In this paper, a new eukaryotic bi-cistronic expression vector containing Hepatitis C Virus(HCV) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) expressing two foreign genes from one mRNA was constructed. The sequence starting from the 5' untranslated region of 18nt to 32nt in HCV core coding region was cloned and then the encephalomyocarditis virus (ECMV) IRES sequence in the commercial vector pIRES was substituted to construct a new vector pCVIR. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) coding genes were inserted up-stream and down-stream of IRES sequence. The fluorescence intensity of GFP and HBsAg were determined by flow cytometry and ELISA respectively., thus, the expression efficiency of the two vectors, pCVIR and pIRES could be compared. The experimental results showed that the vector pCVIR could translate the GFP and HBsAg genes down-stream of its HCV IRES sequence more efficiently without impairing the expression of genes up-stream of IRES sequence than the vector pIRES.It is..

戊型肝炎病毒重组颗粒性蛋白疫苗在小鼠体内诱导的免疫应答研究

HEV 239是福建省医学分子病毒学研究中心实验室研制的一种戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)重组颗粒性蛋白疫苗,该文旨在研究HEV239蛋白疫苗在小鼠体内诱导产生特异性免疫应答的情况。将5μg HEV 239蛋白疫苗(239-Pro)、加铝佐剂疫苗(239-Vac)或加弗氏佐剂疫苗(239-CFA)肌肉注射免疫BALB/c鼠3次,第8周检测鼠血清抗HEV抗体及其亚类,同时用ELISPOT方法检测细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)应答。结果显示:239-Vac诱导的抗体滴度与239-CFA相当,高于无佐剂的239-Pro。239-Vac诱导的抗体中,IgG1/IgG2a比值显著高于239-CFA和239-Pro,主要为Th2型应答。除239-CFA之外,239-Vac和239-Pro也可诱导出一定的HEV抗原特异性I型Tc应答。提示:重组抗原HEV 239能诱导良好的抗体应答及一定的Tc1应答

[[alternative]]Effects of ACCEPTS on Bisexual Interaction for Junior High School Students with Mental Retardation

[[abstract]]The purpose of this study was to explore effects of ACCEPTS on bisexual interaction for junior high school students with mental retardation. The multiple probe design of single subject study was employed in this study to assess skill levels in getting along with others and making friends. A purposive sampling strategy based on social status measure and ACCEPTS skill placement was adopted. Three ages 13 to 15 participants, from seventh grade to ninth grade, with IQs from 53 to 70 were selected from three self-contained classes of a middle school of Taipei. Data were presented by graphic method and analyzed by visual analysis format. The results of this study indicated that: 1. The ACCEPTS could broaden three subjects’ skills in getting along with others. After instruction, their performance also could reach the target standard. 2. The ACCEPTS could improve three subjects’ skills in making friends. After teaching, their performance also could attain to the target level. 3. The effectiveness of the ACCEPTS in improving skills in getting along with others and making friends of three subjects was in accordance with expectation of participants’ teachers and parents. Base on the above-mentioned results, some recommendations for the limitations of this study and further studies were made.

Distributions of Dissolved Heavy Metals in Central Taiwan Hardwoods

本研究自2010年6月至2012年5月於臺灣中部北東眼山、惠蓀林場及蓮華池3處闊葉林為試驗樣區，分別收集森林生態系林外雨、穿落水、土壤水及溪流水，檢測其中具移動性之重金屬及分析土壤重金屬含量及性質，探討可能影響重金屬移動之原因。觀察發現Co為3試驗地年輸入量最高之重金屬，另依序為Co > Ni > Pb > Fe > Cu > Zn > Cr > Mn ≧ Cd，且以冬春季及降雨量較多之期間重金屬濃度較高。林外降雨經過冠層之穿落水重金屬濃度皆上升，土壤水的重金屬濃度為最高，其中惠蓀林場Cr、Mn、Fe及Zn濃度較高，並隨著深度增加濃度呈現下降趨勢，蓮華池溪流水中Mn和Fe與林外雨濃度比較，則分別增加5.5、1.9倍，而多數重金屬於溪流水中濃度與林外雨相似。綜合試驗中重金屬濃度與pH值、溶解性有機碳 (dissolved oganic carbon, DOC)、土壤重金屬含量比較發現，與pH值呈顯著負相關 (p Ni> Pb>Fe>Cu>Zn>Cr>Mn≧Cd at three sites, and the concentrations were higher in spring and winter. Most heavy metal concentrations in throughfall were higher than that in bulk precipitation, the highest concentrations were Cr, Mn, Fe and Zn in soil solution of Hui-Sun experiment forest, and decreased with depth. The concentrations of Mn and Fe in streamwater in Lienhuachih increased 5.5,1.9 times than that in bulk precipitation, respectively, and the others were mostly equal to concentrations of bulk precipitation. Significant negative correlations between the heavy metal concentrations and pH were found for Cr, Cu, Zn and Cd in bulk precipitation; Mn, Co, Cu, Cd and Pb in thoughfall; Cr, Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb in soil solution; Mn and Fe in streamwater (p < 0.05). Significant positive correlations between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and heavy metal concentrations were found for Cu and Cd in bulk precipitation; Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb in thoughfall; Cr、Mn and Zn in soil solution; Cu in streamwater. Furthermore, Mn and Pb concentrations in soil solution were significant positive correlated with that in soil. Most of Kd values (Kd = [Metal] soil / [Metal] solution) of heavy metal were smaller in Hui-Sun experiment forest and Lienhauchi. The mobility heavy metal was increased with higher temperature and precipitation in Hui-Sun experiment forest and Lienhauchi. It would cause the acidification of soil and accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, like the low values of pH and high DOC concentrations in Hui-Sun experiment forest and Lienhauchi. These would also accelerate to release the heavy metal from soil. Concentrations of Fe and DOC was significant positive correlated with precipitation in soil solution and streamwater, and these would increase when higher precipitation.摘要....................................................................................................................................i Abstract.............................................................................................................................ii 目次..................................................................................................................................iii 表目次.............................................................................................................................vii 圖目次............................................................................................................................viii 一、 前言..........................................................................................................................1 二、 前人研究..................................................................................................................3 (一) 重金屬來源及型態...........................................................................................3 1. 水溶性金屬離子........................................................................................3 2. 具可交換性................................................................................................3 3. 有機態之鍵結............................................................................................3 4. Fe及Mn之氧化物沉澱.............................................................................3 5. 重金屬以碳酸鹽、磷酸鹽及硫化物型態固定土壤中之型態..................4 6. 矽酸鹽鍵結結構........................................................................................4 (二) 影響重金屬移動性因子...................................................................................4 1. pH值..........................................................................................................5 2. 溶解性有機碳 (dissolved organic carbon, DOC).......................................5 3. 溫度與降雨量............................................................................................6 三、 材料與方法..............................................................................................................8 (一) 試驗地概況.......................................................................................................8 1. 北東眼山....................................................................................................8 2. 惠蓀林場....................................................................................................8 3. 蓮華池........................................................................................................8 (二) 水樣種類與收集...............................................................................................9 1. 降水的收集................................................................................................9 2. 穿落水的收集............................................................................................9 3. 土壤水的收集............................................................................................9 4. 溪流水的收集..........................................................................................10 (三) 水樣分析.........................................................................................................10 1. 水樣pH值................................................................................................10 2. DOC測定.................................................................................................10 3. 水樣重金屬..............................................................................................10 (四) 土壤收集與分析.............................................................................................11 1. 土壤pH值................................................................................................11 2. 置換性陽離子、CEC及鹽基飽和濃度...................................................11 3. 有機質......................................................................................................11 4. 土壤總重金屬含量..................................................................................12 (五) 林外雨重金屬年輸入量計算.........................................................................12 (六) 土壤重金屬Kd值推估....................................................................................12 (七) 統計分析.........................................................................................................12 四、 結果........................................................................................................................13 (一) 環境背景資料.................................................................................................13 1. 溫度與降雨量..........................................................................................13 2. 土壤化學物理性質..................................................................................14 3. 土壤總重金屬含量..................................................................................14 (二) 重金屬、pH值與DOC濃度於試驗地變化....................................................16 1. 林外雨溶解性重金屬年輸入量..............................................................16 2. 重金屬、pH值及DOC濃度變化.....................................................17 (1) 重金屬濃度變化...............................................................................17 a. Cr................................................................................................17 b. Mn..............................................................................................17 c. Fe...............................................................................................17 d. Co...............................................................................................17 e. Ni...............................................................................................18 f. Cu...............................................................................................18 g. Zn...............................................................................................18 h. Cd...............................................................................................19 i. Pb...............................................................................................19 (2) pH值變化.........................................................................................22 (3) DOC濃度變化..................................................................................23 (三) 重金屬濃度與pH、DOC濃度時間變化........................................................24 1. 重金屬濃度月變化..................................................................................24 (1) Cr.......................................................................................................24 (2) Mn.....................................................................................................24 (3) Fe.......................................................................................................24 (4) Co......................................................................................................24 (5) Ni.......................................................................................................25 (6) Cu......................................................................................................25 (7) Zn......................................................................................................25 (8) Cd......................................................................................................25 (9) Pb......................................................................................................25 2. pH值月變化............................................................................................29 3. DOC濃度月變化.....................................................................................29 (四) 溶解性重金屬和pH值、DOC濃度、土壤性質的相關性..............................32 1. 溶解性重金屬與pH值相關性................................................................32 2. 溶解性重金屬與DOC濃度相關性........................................................32 3. 溶解性重金屬與土壤重金屬含量相關性..............................................32 (五) 溶解性重金屬和溫度、降雨量的相關性.......................................................34 (六) 重金屬固液態比例Kd值 (Kd = [Metal]soil / [Metal]solution) 評估.................35 1. 各林分土壤重金屬Kd值.........................................................................35 2. Kd值與土壤性質相關性.........................................................................35 五、 討論........................................................................................................................37 (一) 臺灣中部3處闊葉林重金屬輸入..................................................................37 (二) 重金屬濃度變化探討.....................................................................................37 1. Cr..............................................................................................................37 2. Mn............................................................................................................38 3. Fe..............................................................................................................39 4. Co.............................................................................................................40 5. Ni..............................................................................................................40 6. Cu.............................................................................................................41 7. Zn.............................................................................................................42 8. Cd.............................................................................................................42 9. Pb.............................................................................................................42 (三) 重金屬濃度月變化.........................................................................................43 1. 林外雨及穿落水重金屬輸入月變化......................................................43 2. 土壤水重金屬月變化..............................................................................44 3. 溪流水重金屬月變化..............................................................................45 (四) 重金屬固液態比例Kd值 (Kd = [Metal]soil / [Metal]solution) 評估.................46 六、 結論........................................................................................................................50 七、 引用文獻................................................................................................................51 八、 附錄........................................................................................................................5

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