虚拟现实技术在脊髓损伤患者治疗中的应用进展

脊髓损伤（SCI）是一种常见的神经系统疾病，通常导致运动、感觉、认知、平衡、步行等功能障碍，甚至会引起疼痛，严重影响患者的身心健康和生活质量。常规治疗方法单一枯燥、缺乏趣味性，导致患者的依从性差，治疗积极性和配合度不高，且主要在医院进行；而虚拟现实（VR）技术可作为一种有效的辅助治疗手段，通过模拟的虚拟环境让患者沉浸其中，进行特定环境和任务的功能训练，获得真实体验感，以达到评估、治疗的效果。VR技术具有趣味性和交互性，显著提高了患者治疗的兴趣和积极性，并为居家康复治疗提供了新的可能性，也为患者提供了新的治疗选择。本综述系统介绍了VR技术在SCI患者治疗中的应用，重点阐述了其在评估患者功能障碍、改善运动功能、提高平衡和步行功能、缓解疼痛、促进认知和精神障碍恢复方面的作用，以及对其他功能障碍的影响和与其他技术的联合应用。同时，本文深入探讨了VR技术目前的优势和不足，旨在深化医生和治疗师对VR技术的认识、推动其在临床中的广泛应用，促进康复医学的发展，并为后续研究提供理论依据和方向，为临床实践提供新的思路和参考

表面增强拉曼光谱:应用和发展

表面增强拉曼光谱技术(Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,SERS)是一种具有超高灵敏度的指纹光谱技术,目前已广泛应用于表面科学、材料科学、生物医学、药物分析、食品安全、环境检测等领域,是一种极具潜力的痕量分析技术。本文对SERS技术及相关的针尖增强拉曼光谱(Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,TERS),壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱(Shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,SHINERS)技术的发展及应用进行了综合评述,并探讨了其未来的研究热点及发展方向。国家自然科学基金项目(21533006,21522508,21775127)~

Characterization of Modified Flocculants of Fruits Slag

对化学改性天然高分子絮凝剂的制备及絮凝效果进行了初步研究。以来源丰富的水果渣为原料,分别与氯乙酸、丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺在不同的条件下醚化、聚合,制得多种絮凝剂,用于处理造纸废水。The paper investigates the preparation and effect of chemical modified natural high macromolecule flocculants.Several kinds of flocculants were prepared through graft copolymerization of fruit slag and chloracetic acid,acrylonitrile,acrylamide respectively.The coagulation test were performed in the treatment of papermaking wastewater

便携式拉曼光谱仪快速检测废水中残留有机溶剂

本文通过使用便携式拉曼光谱仪来快速检测废水中残留有机溶剂的种类和含量。首先利用便携式拉曼光谱仪建立标准拉曼谱图库,然后用便携式拉曼光谱仪检测废水样品并与标准谱图库比对,即可获得废水中含有的有机溶剂的种类和含量。该方法简便、灵敏、快速,对于实时监测废水的排放具有重要意义。国家自然科学基金(21522508);;浙江省重点研发计划(2017C03002,2018C03077

Rhodium as a Ubiquitous Substrate for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

本文简要介绍了将铑电极用于表面增强拉曼光谱 (SERS)研究的方法 .具有较强活性的铑电极可以通过对电极施加方波电流进行恒电流粗糙获得 .对模型分子吡啶进行的表面拉曼光谱研究表明 ,该电极具有很好的稳定性和可逆性 ,并且其表面增强因子可达 4 0 0 0 .在对铑电极上一氧化碳的氧化过程进行的拉曼光谱研究中同时检测到桥式和线型吸附的C O和Pt C振动的拉曼信号 .本研究表明铑电极可作为多用的SERS基底 ,拉曼光谱可作为界面研究的通用工具 .Raman Spectroscopy is a powerful technique in characterizing the molecular structure at the molecular level. However, only after the discovery of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect, has it become one of the most widely used technique in surface sciences. The limitation that only Ag, Au and Cu can produce prominent SERS signal of practical significance, greatly hinders the application of this technique. Recently our group has made great progress in extending SERS to pure transition metal surfaces, such as Pt, Ni, Fe, Co etc [1] . Rh, due to its special application as catalysts in the catalytic or electrochemical reaction has made it one of the most important materials in surface sciences. It will be of great help for understanding the interfacial phenomenon and possibly the SERS mechanisms if we can extend SERS to the Rh surface. However, It has been found that, Rh is very difficult to be roughened since it will grow naturally in air an oxide layer which will retard the further formation of surface oxides. Furthermore, Rh is very easily oxidized to various forms of rhodium oxides as can be found from the phase diagram of Rh [2] . How to select a method to roughen the surface and to extend SERS to Rh seems not an easy task. In our previous study, we found that Rh could not be successfully roughened using controlled?potential roughening procedure as has been used for Pt. In the present study we developed a method to roughen the Rh surface for obtaining strong Raman scattering based on the work of Shibata [3] . It reveals that the etching of Rh is possible by applying a pulse current with a suitable frequency. With the pulse current, we can easily polarize the electrode to a high potential with a high current density, that makes the deep oxidation of Rh surface possible. After the systematic work of our group, we found that an Rh electrode with reasonable good SERS activity could be obtained by applying the current between -30 mA to +50 mA with a frequency ranging between 200 to 800 Hz. The roughened Rh surface presents a quite uniform surface structure. The most important feature is the electrochemical behavior of this kind of electrode is almost the same as that of the smooth surface, see Fig. 1. It can be clearly seen that both cyclic voltammograms present the oxidation of Rh at positive potentials and the hydrogen adsorption/desorption at negative potentials, and at very negative potentials, the hydrogen evolution occurs on the surface. This ensures the Raman spectra obtained is in representative of that from bulk electrodes, which is distinctly different from Ag, Cu and Au surfaces that after roughened in KCl solution, the electrochemical behavior changed dramatically. Using this kind of surface, we selected pyridine as the model molecule to check the applicability of this method for the surface Raman study. The Raman spectra were acquired on a LabRam I spectrometer that has very high detection sensitivity. The solution used was 0.01 mol/L pyridine + 0.1 mol/L NaClO 4. It could be seen from Fig. 2 that the surface Raman signal of pyridine is very strong, with characteristic bands appearing at 1 003 , 1 208 and 1 590 cm -1 respectively. The relative band intensity and the band position is very close to that of Pt electrode while distinctively different from that of noble metal and Fe and Ni electrodes. This indicates a different interaction of pyridine with different transition metal surfaces. This kind of surface shows quite good stability. It is very stable even after a long time exposure in air. Upon very negative or positive potential excursion of the electrode then back to -0.8 V, the pyridine signal reduced to about 20% and 50% that of the freshly prepared Rh surface. One might think that the reversibility of this electrode is not as good as that of the Pt surface. However, before or after each experiment, when it was cleaned in 0.1 mol/L H 2SO 4 solution until reproducible cyclic voltammograms obtained, the pyridine signal can be recovered to about 80% compared with that作者联系地址：厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室!化学系福建厦门361005,厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室!化学系福建厦门361005,厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室!化学系福建厦门361005Author's Address: Dept. of Chem. and State Key Lab for Phys. Chem. of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen Univ., Xiamen 361005, Chin

γ谷氨酰胺转移酶与 Framingham 危险评分的相关性分析

【目的】γ谷氨酰胺转移酶（GGT）近年来被发现与动脉粥样硬化及冠心病相关，本研究旨在探讨血清GGT水平与十年心脏病危险评分——Framingham危险评分（FRS）之间的相关性，以期能更早期发现心血管疾病的中高危患者。【方法】本研究入组了9544名40岁及以上的广州社区居民，均来自于一项基于广州社区居民的横断面流行病学研究。GGT根据四分位数分组：Q1＜15U/L（n=2407例）、Q215~19.9U/L（n=2302例）、Q320~28.9U/L（n=2442例）、Q4≥29U/L（n=2393例）。GGT与十年心血管疾病中高危风险（FRS≥10%）进行Logistic多重回归分析。【结果】相对于GGT最低四分位数组，随着GGT水平升高，FRS≥10%的比例增高（P<0.01），这种相关关系在校正了混杂因素后仍然存在，最高四分位数组的风险是最低四分位数组的1.72倍（95%置信区间1.28-2.29）。【结论】γ谷氨酰胺转移酶与十年心脏病危险评分FRS存在相关关系，建议常规体检早期重视GGT，有利于早期评估及干预心血管疾病中高危人群

Confocal Microprobe Raman Spectroscopy for Investigating the Electrochemical Interface

系统地介绍了将共焦显微拉曼光谱系统用于电化学界面研究的方法 ,包括铂电极的粗糙和电化学拉曼电解池的设计 .进行了铂上氢、氧和氯共吸附的拉曼光谱研究 .通过对甲醇氧化过程的现场跟踪 ,提出检测界面区溶液浓度变化和计算溶液 pH值的方法 .实验表明拉曼光谱技术可作为研究实际应用体系的重要工具 .The invention of the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in the mid of 1970s, opened an entirely new and very promising area. However, it was found that SERS of practical application in electrochemistry can only be found on noble metal surfaces, such as Ag, Au and Cu that exhibit huge surface enhancement [1] . This greatly limits the application of SERS in electrochemistry. In electrocatalysis, corrosion inhibition, sensor, and power source, the most widely used materials are Pt, Fe and Ni and their alloys as well as Si. Thus, it is of great significance to extend surface Raman study to transition metals and semiconductors. Although the effort has been made along this direction by several groups since the late of 1970s, only recently, this goal has been attained [2,3] . The success of our work towards the goal is benefited from the improvement of the Raman instrumentation and the development of proper electrode surface pretreatment for transition metal surfaces. The employment of the charge_coupled device (CCD) detector, the confocal microscope, and the notch filter in the Raman instrumentation, brought up a new generation Raman instrument. It provides very high sensitivity that can partially break the limitation of the sensitivity to the surface Raman investigation [4] . The most important is, with the confocal pinhole, the instrument can only collect the light from the focus of the laser, thus it can effectively exclude the interference of the solution Raman signal, which makes the detection of very weak Raman signal from surface feasible. The emphasis of this paper is placed on the methodology. Some examples are given to demonstrate the advance in this area.作者联系地址：厦门大学化学系!固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室,福建厦门361005,厦门大学化学系!固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室,福建厦门361005,厦门大学化学系!固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室,福建厦门361005,厦门大学化学系!固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室,福建厦门361005Author's Address: Dept. of Chem., State Key Lab. for Phys. Chem. of Sol. Surf. and Inst. of Phys. Chem., Xiamen Univ., Xiamen 361005, Chin

Observing atomic layer electrodeposition on single nanocrystals surface by dark field spectroscopy

从单颗粒水平研究电化学表面和界面过程，特别是欠电位沉积是电化学领域的一个重要挑战。欠电位沉积通常仅涉及单原子层到亚单原子层的物种，但是能够显著调控金属表面电子结构，是制备高效电催化剂的一个重要的方法。然而目前在电化学环境下表征单个粒子表面单层原子的变化仍然是个巨大的挑战，针对上述挑战，任斌教授课题组发展了一套高灵敏的电化学暗场散射光谱装置，在不使用特殊光源的情况下，可以使得检测的粒径小至10-15 nm，灵敏度提高到亚单层原子。该工作是在任斌教授指导下，主要由化学化工学院已毕业博士生胡树（第一作者）完成。李剑锋教授及其课题组的博士生张月皎在单晶电化学实验上提供了重要帮助。已毕业博士生易骏在理论计算方面提供了有力支持。Underpotential deposition offers a predominant way to tailor the electronic structure of the catalytic surface at the atomic level, which is key to engineering materials with a high activity for (electro)catalysis. However, it remains challenging to precisely control and directly probe the underpotential deposition of a (sub)monolayer of atoms on nanoparticle surfaces. In this work, we in situ observe silver electrodeposited on gold nanocrystals surface from submonolayer to one monolayer by designing a highly sensitive electrochemical dark field scattering setup. The spectral variation is used to reconstruct the optical “cyclic voltammogram” of every single nanocrystal for understanding the underpotential deposition process on nanocrystals, which cannot be achieved by any other methods but are essential for creating novel nanomaterials.The authors thank Dr. Hai-Xin Lin for helpful discussion of nanoparticle synthesis and characterization. The authors acknowledge support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (21633005, 21790354, and 21711530704) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFA0200601).该研究工作得到了国家自然科学基金委和科技部等的资助和支持

Magnetic Field Effects on Host-Guest Interactions in Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Systems

本论文共分为五个部分。 第一部分为前言。首先从磁现象的普遍性谈起，总结了磁现象在电气、信息产业、生物和医学领域、工农业生产，特别是在化学和环境保护等领域的应用。其次对磁化学的发展、理论基础进行了概述，总结了磁场对自由基反应的作用机理和外加磁场对超分子体系的影响。接着介绍了几种重要的超分子体系，其中着重对超分子化学研究的第二代主体化合物环糊精的理论和应用研究进行了综述，侧重于其在环境保护和治理领域的应用。并在此基础上提出论文设想。 第二部分为仪器的改装。目前国内外尚未有用于研究磁场效应对光化学和光物理过程影响的商品仪器出售。我们研究小组在Hitachi850型荧光分光光度计上引入了恒磁场效应...The dissertation comprises of five parts. The first part of the dissertation is the introduction. The part described the widespread applications of magnetic field in various fields, including electric and information industry, biology and iatrology, agriculture and industrial production, especially in chemistry and environmental protection. The development and the theoretic foundation of magnetic...学位：工学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学研究中心_环境科学学号：20003400

锂离子电池硅碳复合负极材料的合成及电化学性能研究

硅基材料是未来锂离子电池理想的负极材料，因其可以与锂形成合金并具有较高的理论容量（4200 mAh g-1），相当于商业化石墨碳容量（372 mAh g-1）的十倍多。然而硅在锂离子嵌脱过程中体积变化大（&gt;300%）引起电极的粉化和硅与集流体的电接触减少，导致导电性变差和硅的利用率降低。这些因素导致硅基材料较高的不可逆容量和循环稳定性差等特点。近年来，在提高硅基材料的电化学性能方面取得明显的进步，通过制备纳米结构材料、复合材料和多孔材料来缓解循环过程中的体积变化并改善其导电性。基于此，本论文中，我们制备了多孔和纳米结构的锂离子电池硅碳复合物负极材料，通过物理化学方法表征，并对其电化学性能进行系统性的研究。第一，将工业生产中的废细碳粉回收用于锂离子电池负极材料。以蔗糖为粘结剂采用喷雾造粒的方法，将代表性的细碳粉针状焦和石墨化针状焦制成多孔碳微球。制备得到的多孔碳微球呈现较好的球形结构，其内部具有明显的孔结构和硬碳网络，这些特点都利于改善碳负极的电化学性能。研究发现石墨化多孔碳微球与商业化石墨球的容量相当，但前者具有更优的倍率性能。该部分工作表明可以采用工业废弃的石墨化和非石墨化的细碳粉制备微球形形貌的锂离子电池碳基负极材料，对工业中废弃细碳粉材料的回收利用具有指导意义。第二，由于内部存在孔结构，多孔碳微球的振实密度（0.47-0.56 g mL-1）小于商业化石墨球的振实密度（1.18 g mL-1），从而导致多孔碳微球具有相对较低的体积能量密度。因此，本部分，我们利用石墨化针状焦细碳粉废料和硅纳米颗粒，蔗糖作为粘结剂，通过连续球磨和喷雾造粒的方法制备得到多孔硅碳微球。制得的复合微球在氮气气氛下高温炭化后进行化学气相沉积对表面进行碳包覆。研究发现包覆后的多孔硅碳复合微球的容量明显高于商业化石墨微球，并具有优异的循环稳定性能与倍率性能。该工作证实了采用石墨化细碳粉和硅纳米颗粒制备性能优异的微球形锂离子电池硅碳负极材料的技术可行性。第三，为了进一步提高硅基负极材料的可逆容量，我们设计并发展了一种更简单、更绿色的合成方法来制备多孔硅。在高压反应釜中将冶金级硅粉与乙醇在铜基催化剂存在的条件下直接反应制备多孔硅材料，在其表面进行化学气相沉积碳之后制得多孔硅碳复合物。与其它的制备方法不同，该新的制备方法有效避免了任何昂贵仪器和模板的使用，同时避免了高毒性试剂（如SiH4和HF）的使用和复杂的制备过程（如模板去除和化学刻蚀）。同时，多孔硅材料的孔径、孔形状、孔深度和壁厚、颗粒尺寸和产率可以通过改变合成条件来调控。制备得到的多孔硅碳复合物用作锂离子电池负极材料可逆容量高，循环性能优异，该低成本、易操作和可放大生产的制备高性能硅碳负极材料的方法将有助于下一代锂离子电池的发展。第四，在第三部分的基础上，我们在高压反应釜中铜基催化剂存在的条件下，将冶金级硅粉与更多的乙醇反应更长的时间，结合球磨的方法制备得到硅纳米颗粒。硅纳米颗粒的尺寸可以通过改变反应时间来调控。在硅纳米颗粒表面进行化学气相沉积碳之后制备得到硅碳纳米复合物。该复合物用作锂离子电池负极材料表现出较高的可逆容量和优异的循环稳定性。同时，该方法所用的是铜基催化剂和冶金级硅粉，价格明显低于贵金属，并可回收利用，极大的降低了制备硅纳米材料的成本，使锂离子电池硅基纳米材料的简单和低成本合成成为可能。最后，我们课题组在之前的研究基础上，利用Rochow反应的方法，采用冶金级硅与氯甲烷反应制备得到纳米枝状硅碳复合物。通过在固定床反应器中铜基催化剂存在的条件下将冶金级硅粉与氯甲烷直接反应，硝酸刻蚀回收铜复合物之后制得。该纳米枝状复合物用于锂离子电池负极材料具有优异的电化学性能。该方法简单、低能耗和易放大的特点可以用来大量合成锂离子电池用硅碳纳米复合物。</p