模拟“微型生物碳泵”对南海储碳的贡献

海洋中最重要的两种生物储碳机制,包括生物泵和微型生物碳泵,其中后者在中国海中的定量估算和模拟的相关研究还未见报道.文章以南海为研究区域,构建了一个包含MCP过程的物理-生态系统耦合海洋模型.模型结果显示,南海整体平均的MCP储碳率为1.55mg C m-2d-1;如果取1000m深的颗粒物输出通量作为BP的估计,模型估算的MCP:BP比例约为1:6.08.在此基础上,用该模型预测未来南海海表增温2个典型场景下南海生态系统,特别是MCP和BP储碳过程的响应.模拟结果表明,增强的海表层化会造成输入表层的营养盐减少,进而导致硅藻生物量和生产力的降低,最终抑制BP的储碳率.然而,在这些场景下,由于超微型浮游生物的生产力增加,反而有利于细菌活动,部分补偿生产力的降低,造成MCP对于全球变暖的响应具有非线性的特征.总体而言, MCP:BP比例在两个场景下都有所增加,特别是在4℃增暖的场景下增加至1:5.95,表明在全球变暖的大背景下,未来海洋中MCP碳储的重要性将更加突出.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(编号:2013CB955704);;国家海洋局全球变化与海气相互作用专项项目(编号:GASI-03-01-02-05、GASI-IPOVAI-01-04);;国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41630963、41476007和41476005)资

Research on the Clinical Pathway PDCA Continuous Improvement System Based on the Theory of Feedback Closed-loop Control System

运用控制论方法，将控制理论领域反馈的闭环控制法、管理学的PDCA循环等方法运用于信息系统的整合建设，建立电子病历一电子医嘱一临床路径一医院管理信息系统的“全闭环”临床路径执行和反馈体系，建立了疾病诊疗规范制定、临床操作服务、过程质量监管三位一体的医疗服务安全质量监测与持续改进闭环体系，临床路径信息管理平台对加强医疗服务安全动态监管，促进科学化、精细化、专业化管理，改善服务水平，提高效率具有不可或缺的重要作用。With the method of control theory, the feedback closed loop control method in the field of control theory, PDCA circulation of management and other methods are applied to the integrative construction of information system. The ＂closed loop＂ clinical pathway implementation and feedback system of electronic medical records-electronic medical advice-clinical pathway- hospital management information system is established. The medical service safety quality monitoring and continuous improvement closed-loop system integrating disease diagnosis and treatment specification formulation, clinical operation service and process quality supervision is set up. The clinical path information management platform has an indispensable important role on strengthening the dynamic supervision of medical service security, promoting scientific, refined and professional management, and improving the service level and eficiency.国家自然科学基金面上项目一大数据驱动的抗菌药物使用与管理决策优化研究（编号：71672160

The coastal ocean response to the global warming acceleration and hiatus

本研究揭示了全球沿岸对目前全球气候变暖减缓背景下的不同的区域响应，有助于理解全球增暖减缓现象的潜在机理，并为近期发生在各个海岸地区的极端热和极端冷的事件提供了更好的理解，有助于灾害防治和生态保护的政策制定。【Astract】Coastlines are fundamental to humans for habitation, commerce, and natural resources. Many coastal ecosystem disasters, caused by extreme sea surface temperature (SST), were reported when the global climate shifted from global warming to global surface warming hiatus after 1998. The task of understanding the coastal SST variations within the global context is an urgent matter. Our study on the global coastal SST from 1982 to 2013 revealed a significant cooling trend in the low and mid latitudes (31.4% of the global coastlines) after 1998, while 17.9% of the global coastlines changed from a cooling trend to a warming trend concurrently. The trend reversals in the Northern Pacific and Atlantic coincided with the phase shift of Pacific Decadal Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation, respectively. These coastal SST changes are larger than the changes of the global mean and open ocean, resulting in a fast increase of extremely hot/cold days, and thus extremely hot/cold events. Meanwhile, a continuous increase of SST was detected for a considerable portion of coastlines (46.7%) with a strengthened warming along the coastlines in the high northern latitudes. This suggests the warming still continued and strengthened in some regions after 1998, but with a weaker pattern in the low and mid latitudes.该研究工作获得了中国国家自然基金委、福建省和美国NOAA-Sea Grant 的资助

Simulation Study on Front Impact Safety of Medium Coach

建立半承载式中型客车的正面碰撞有限元模型,采用lS-dynA软件进行仿真分析。结果表明,该车驾驶室变形较大、完整性较差,需对客车前部吸能结构进行优化设计。The finite element model of front impact of medium coach is built,which body is semi-integral type.Using LS-DYNA software,the front impact safety is simulated.The results indicate that the drive cab deformation is bigger and its integrality is worse,so it is necessary to optimize the front absorbing structure components to the coach drive cab.交通部西部交通科技项目(2009318000043);福建省教育厅科技项目(JA11239);厦门理工学院科技项目(JKY10023R);福建省自然科学基本项目(2012J05103

Ductility by shear band delocalization in the nano-layer of gradient structure

Nanostructured (NS) metals typically fail soon after yielding, starting with the formation of narrow shear bands. Here we report the observation of shear band delocalization in gradient metals. Shear bands were nucleated and delocalized in the NS layers by propagating along the gage length soon after yielding, converting the shear band into a localized strain zone (LSZ). Synergistic work hardening was developed in the LSZ by regaining dislocation hardening capability, and by back-stress hardening from the strain gradients in the axial and depth directions, which helped with enhancing global ductility. [GRAPHICS

survey on anonymous credential schemes

文章对匿名凭证及其应用方面的研究成果和发展状况进行了综述。对现有匿名凭证方案进行了概括,总结了其主要设计思想和应用到的相关技术,并对匿名凭证系统的研究前景进行了展望,提出了一些可能的发展方向

Research on the Consumption Tilt Effect of China`s Fiscal Expansion

新古典经济学认为,财政支出的扩张会挤占私人资源,产生负财富效应,进而抑制居民消费。基于微观主体的行为变化,本文认为财政扩张还可以通过提高居民消费的边际效用,形成消费倾斜效应,增加居民消费。通过构建动态随机一般均衡模型,本文分析了这两种效应的传递路径,并利用中国的数据进行模拟分析,发现:(1)消费者的跨期替代弹性越小,财政扩张的消费倾斜效应将越大;(2)中国政府支出在短期内会引起居民消费的上涨,长期中则会挤出居民消费。出现这种情况的部分原因是:近年来我国居民消费的跨期替代弹性大大增加,财政扩张的消费倾斜效应下降迅速。Neoclassical model suggests that the increase of government spending should crowd out private resources which might produce a negative wealth effect,and thereby inhibited the consumption. In this paper,considering on the microscopic behavior,we suggest that there may be an increase way for government spending to promote consumer's marginal utility,called consumption tilt effect,and then increase consumer spending. So,whether government spending should crowd out or squeeze in the resident consumption depends on the size of these two effects. In this paper,we build a DGE model to reveal the micro conduction channels of these two effects,and use Chinese data to do numerical simulation analysis,then we find that:( 1) the smaller of consumers inter- temporal consumption substitution elasticity,the greater consumption tilt effect government spending will produce on resident consumption;( 2) China's government spending will promote the resident consumption in the short term,but in the long term it will crowd out of resident consumption. The reason may lie in: recently China's inter- temporal consumption elasticity of substitution has significantly increased,so the consumption tilt effect of government spending has declined rapidly.国家社科基金青年项目(13CJL017);; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(20720151037);; 福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JAS14009、JAS14395、JB13515S)的资

从OFC 2003看平面光波导器件的发展动向

概述了2003年OFC会议上报道的平面光波导器件，着重介绍了平面光波导器件在新材料、新工艺、新结构方面的新进展和发展方向

多灾种综合风险评估软层次模型

在复杂的灾害风险系统中,风险并非简单相加,但目前的研究成果基本是单一灾种简单相加得到的综合风险,缺乏可靠性。因此,此研究基于灾害风险系统理论,引入模糊信息粒化方法和模糊转化函数,利用模糊近似推理理论和方法,建立一个多灾种综合风险评估软层次模型。研究表明该模型的优势:1)不仅考虑了灾害风险系统中的确定性,而且还包括了随机不确定性和模糊不确定性;2)利用模糊信息粒化方法不仅减少了数据的不确定性,而且还包括了一些主观信息,使得评估结果更加接近实际,理论与实际紧密结合,更有利于风险管理者和决策者为减少损失规避风险提供依据;3)通过模糊转化函数将不同灾种得到的不同量纲的量转化同一量纲的量,以便于综合分析和模糊近似推理,获得多灾种综合风险。以云南省丽江地区(市)的地震-洪水灾害为例,验证多灾种综合风险评估软层次模型的实用性,并将其结果与世界银行灾害管理中心和哥伦比亚大学灾害和风险研究中心所建议的风险评估模型(HMU-CHRR模型)的结果进行比较分析,讨论了本研究所建模型在多灾种综合风险评估中的特点

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A summary of fierce debates between WTO national delegations, governments, the European Commission, NGOs, researchers and farmers organisations about how non-trade concerns (such as jobs, culture and environment) in agriculture need to influence current international trade negotiations (see Spore 98). By squeezing the arguments into little more than slogans, it gives a thankfully clear, albeit simple, picture of these complex issues. Agriculture beyond trade Synthesis of an international conference, Paris, France, 2002. Published by Solagral & CTA, 2002. 54 pp. ISBN 2 84034 039 9 CTA number 1102. 10 credit pointsAgriculture beyond trade Synthesis of an international conference, Paris, France, 2002. Published by Solagral & CTA, 2002. 54 pp. ISBN 2 84034 039 9 CTA number 1102. 10 credit point