巻頭言

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The Role of Science in Developing Clinical Psychology as a Profession : A Comparative Study on Clinical Psychology between Japan and Britain

In response to the social demands, clinical psychologists have to improve training systems for the future. British clinical psychology and Japanese clinical psychology started almost at the same time, but the ways in which they have developed are very different in terms of the attitudes towards science. Therefore, a comparative study between the two countries is very helpful in considering some factors of the development of clinical psychology as a profession and in constructing a training model. On the one hand, British clinical psychology has continued to assume that clinical psychology is itself scientific. On the other hand, Japanese clinical psychology has not assumed this. In this paper, I introduce a metaphorically experimental design to confirm a hypothesis that a scientific approach would make a contribution towards clinical psychology growing into a profession. As a result of the comparative experimental study, I conclude that assuming a scientific approach is very important in the development of clinical psychology in the modern world, but it is not a developmental task common to every development. It would be more correct to say that assuming a scientific approach is very helpful only in getting clinical psychology out of the pre-modern sectionalism, into integration and into proposing social accountability in the modern society. However, since assuming a scientific approach is not directly related to clinical practice, it is not necessarily helpful in developing clinical psychologists from the training viewpoint and the post-modern viewpoint. Consequently, I suggest a comprehensive model of clinical psychology, which can fit into the Japanese situation and the post-modern world

Study on Subtypes of Student Apathy

The university students who show the specifically apathetic state and continue to avoid confronting their conflicts are generally classified as Student Apathy. But the concept of Student Apathy has not yet been defined. The purpose of this paper was to propose the hypothetical model of the concept of classification and personality structure for Student Apathy and discuss its validity. At first a student apathy case helped with tunagi model was documented to suggest the model, which consisted of following three dimensions. (1) Behavioral dimension : the elements were acts of avoiding, denying, splitting. (2) Psyc hological dimension : The elements were states of self-uncertainty, Anhedonia, time confusion. (3) Characteristic dimension : The element were tendencies of obsession, passivity, independence. Next, two or three subtypes were developed and examined with Rorschach test data. It was found that the model had clinical validity

The Relation Between Personaliry Development and Career Dicision-Making of High School Students

The present study was planned to investigate the relation between personality development and career decision-making which was assumed as a developmental task in middle adolescence. Two cases (A: a,girl, B: aboy) were analysed. They were longitudinal case studies with a battery of tests (TAT, SCT, Quastionaire, Interview). It was found that while A, who was high developed, was exploring her career, B, who was low developed, was fore-closured. This result suggests the distortion of career decision-making process at high school

The Results of the Survey on the Acquisition of the Certified Public Psychologist : Focusing on the Clinical Psychologists in Medical Area

This study aimed to reveal the knowledge of clinical psychologists (CPs) in medical area to get licensed the certified public psychologist. The Survey was conducted on psychologists and the data used in the study targeted CPs (N=1176). It examined three types of the recognition difference: 1) the CPs’ work fields; 2) the years of experience; 3) the CPs’ workplace in medical area. We conducted chi-square test to examine those three types of the difference. The results indicated that CPs in medical area recognize they need to acquire the knowledge especially in the justice work fields and the medical and biological knowledge except for the psychiatry, however, there was no significant difference among the CPs’ workplace

Analysis about the current status of School Couseling in Japan : Outlook about the Integrative Model for School Couseling

The purpose of this paper is to review the books and papers about school counseling in Japan, and to discuss (a) what a new model of helping in school is, and (b) what skill school counselors have to acquire. For (a), we especially focused on the ideas, the purposes, and the means of school counseling in the review. As a result, it became clear that they were different depending on the researchers and the counselors, and that there is not an integrative model on school counseling in Japan. For (b), we clarified knowledge and skill school counselors were expected to have. As a result, we realized that school counselors should have to acquire skill to enter the school, and to unite the way of helping an individual and the way of intervening the system of the school. Through this review, we thought it would be important that school counselors help the school as a whole, and treat an individual as a part of the school system. Therefore, we should explore the way of helping students within the space specific to the school, for example, ""Jiyuu-Raishitsu-Katsudou"" or preventive counseling in a classroom