利用改良Nest-tetra-primerspecificPCR技术对两种石斑鱼的鉴别

云纹石斑鱼(EPInEPHEluS MOArA)和褐石斑鱼(E.brunEuS)为石斑鱼属内近缘种,外形相似常被混淆.本研究改良建立了nEST-TETrA-PrIMEr SPECIfIC PCr方法,获得了云纹石斑鱼和褐石斑鱼线粒体dnAnd2基因内的3个特异性条带,分别为内参序列nC1(394bP)、特异性条带nd2-M(268bP)和nd2-b(122bP),以及核基因组中核糖体dnAITS1区的5个特异性条带,分别为内参序列nC2(588bP)、nC3(563bP),特异性条带rdnA-M(426bP)、ITS1-M(488bP)和ITS1-b(304bP).研究结果不仅为两种石斑鱼的鉴别提供了稳定、可靠、快捷的特异性分子标记,而且也为鱼类近缘种的dnA鉴别提供了新的途径.国家自然科学基金(批准号:40576064);国家“八六三”计划(项目编号:2006AA10A414)资助项

Studies on chromosome karyotype,Ag-NORs and C-banding patterns of Lutjanus sebae

实验采用植物血凝素、秋水仙碱腹腔注射,肾细胞直接制片法分析了川纹笛鲷luTJAnuS SEbAE染色体核型、Ag-nOrS和C-带。结果表明:1)川纹笛鲷二倍体染色体数2n=48,核型公式为:2n=48T,nf=48;在第1对染色体靠近着丝粒部位有明显的次缢痕。2)染色体经快速银染后,Ag-nOrS的数目在不同细胞中表现出多态性,数目1—4个,2个Ag-nOrS的频率最高(占79%)。在分裂相中,第1对T染色体近着丝粒的次缢痕区均出现2个银染位点(Ag-nOrS阳性),且未见Ag-nOrS的联合现象。3)大多数染色体的着丝粒区显示出1个深浅不同的C-带,在第1对染色体的随体区域分布有大量的结构异染色质,表现C-带强阳性。讨论了鱼类核型演化规律和Ag-nOrS、C-带的发生机制,以及川纹笛鲷的进化地位。Studies on karyotype,Ag-NORs,and C-banding of Lutjanus sebae were performed.The chromosomes were re-ceived from the head kidney by using a method of injecting with PHA and colchicines,air drying,and Giemsa staining.The results were as follows.1) The karyotypic formula of L.sebae was 2n=48t,NF=48.Meanwhile,a pair of chromosomes,with secondary constriction near the centromere,was found on chromosome 1.2) The Ag-NORs polymorphisms were individually specific in this fish.The silver staining pots were 1-4,and the number of Ag-NORs was mainly 2(79%).A pair of nucleolar organizer regions was observed on the secondary constriction of chromosome 1,and no Ag-NORs combination was found.3) Centromeres of most chromosomes were C-bandings positive,and heterochromatin was detected at the satellite zone of chro-mosome 1.Thus,we discussed the evolution of karyotype,the developing mechanism of Ag-NORs,and C-bandings for fish.The phylogenetic condition of L.sebae was evaluated as well.国家自然科学基金项目(30070595);国家“863”计划项目(2006AA10A414

控制肝脏组织发育、再生重塑与大小的关键蛋白质机器

肝脏损伤、功能衰竭及肝癌等疾病是我国重大健康问题,它们的发生发展与肝脏再生重塑及大小调控异常密切相关。针对肝脏发育、再生及大小控制机理的基础研究对于解决上述重大肝脏疾病的临床需求具有重要意义。前期研究发现Hippo信号通路在调控细胞增殖及分化、干细胞命运等方面起着关键作用,而Hippo通路的失调可导致肝脏等器官发育和大小异常,严重影响受损组织再生与重塑,或导致肿瘤迅速发生。本项目拟以肝脏为研究对象,聚焦Hippo相关信号网络如何感知器官大小并适时调控细胞生长、分化与死亡以实现器官发育、再生重塑和器官大小控制这一关键科学问题,整合基础、临床、药学领域的先进研究技术,拟通过基因编辑、内胚层干细胞肝向分化、肝细胞移植和肝脏重建、肝脏损伤修复等模型、临床病理分析、蛋白结构解析和靶向药物设计等方法,深入探讨该通路失控导致肝脏发育异常、再生重塑障碍、癌症发生的致病机理,并提出靶向干预新策略。控制肝脏组织发育、再生重塑与大小的关键蛋白质机器(2017YFA0504500

高温度稳定性磁电复合材料的制备及其性能

以锆钛酸铅(PZT)为压电相,分别以Ni和非晶铁合金(Metal-glass)为磁致伸缩相,采用焊接的方法制备了层状磁电复合材料Ni/PZT/Ni和Metal-glass/PZT/Metal-glass,并研究其在0~100℃范围内的磁电效应.结果表明,通过焊接复合得到的2种层状磁电复合材料都表现出良好的温度稳定性,在0~100℃范围内磁电电压系数基本保持恒定,有望用于高温磁电器件的设计.福建省自然科学基金(2016J01256

基于土地利用/覆被分类系统估算碳储量的差异——以海南岛森林为例

土地利用/覆被分类系统是碳蓄积研究的依据,然而各种碳蓄积研究所采用的土地利用/覆被分类系统不尽相同。根据1993年海南林业资源二类调查资料,我们按照USGS土地利用/覆被、LCCS土地覆被和中国科学院土地资源三种分类系统所定义的类别进行分类并计算了各自的碳储量和碳密度,为碳储量的进一步精确估算和土地覆被分类系统研制提供重要的科学依据。结果发现,(1)不同的土地利用/覆被分类系统所对应的总碳储量以及平均碳密度都有了明显的差别。林业调查资料的植被分类、FAO土地覆被分类系统(LCCS)、USGS土地利用/土地覆被分类系统以及我国学者常用的中国科学院土地资源分类系统的碳蓄积量(TgC)分别是28.98、28.71、21.04和21.04;碳密度(tC/ha)分别是31.24、30.95、22.68和22.68。(2)土地利用分类系统和土地覆被分类系统之间的结果具有较大差异,其碳储量相差7.67～7.94TgC,碳密度则相差8.27～8.56tC/ha;差距在26.47%～37.74%之间。与其他学者研究结果比较发现,土地利用/覆被分类系统造成的碳蓄积差异的变化方向是不定的,取决于具体的分类系统和材积—生物量函数。不同土地利用/覆被分类系统对于植被划分的不同,导致了材积—生物量回归方程和类别面积的差异是造成碳蓄积和碳密度估算差异的根本原因。目前常用

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Reared Nibea diacanthus Stock by RAPD

采用22个随机引物对双棘黄姑鱼人工繁育群体的遗传多样性水平进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析.共检测出248个位点,其中有104个多态位点,平均多态位点百分率P为41.9%;其个体间的平均遗传距离L为0.065 7,平均相似系数S为0.934 3,Shannon遗传多样性指数H0为0.282 9.通过与其他一些鱼类的RAPD研究结果进行对比,对双棘黄姑鱼人工繁育群体的遗传多样性水平进行了分析评估,文中同时就人工繁育及鱼类种质资源的可持续利用问题进行了初步讨论.22 random primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of the reared Nibea diacanthus stock by using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) in this study.A total of 248 loci were amplified,of which 104 loci were polymorphic,and the mean percentage of polymorphic loci was 41.9%;the average genetic diversity(L) and the genetic similarity(S) of this stock were (0.065 7) and 0.934 3 respectively;Shannon's information index(H_0) was 0.282 9.The genetic diversity of the reared Nibea diacanthus stock was analysed and evaluated by comparing with the RAPD results of other fishes.Meanwhile,artificial propagation and sustainable utilization of fish resource were discussed in this paper.福建省自然科学基金(B0110004)资

刚柔耦合并联机器人动力学建模及仿真研究

并联机构在运动过程中存在弹性变形和刚柔耦合效应，对机构的运动及其稳定性具有较大影响。针对上述问题，以3自由度刚柔耦合并联机器人为研究对象，基于线性多体系统传递矩阵法（线性MSTMM）建立了刚柔耦合并联机器人多体系统模型和拓扑结构模型，推导了整体系统的空间转换方程和动力学方程；通过Matlab软件建立了机器人SimMechanics仿真模型，并基于PID控制策略对机器人进行了轨迹跟踪的仿真研究。结果表明，机器人末端输出的实际运动轨迹与期望轨迹基本吻合，机器人系统运动相对稳定，验证了该建模方法的正确性和有效性，为进一步对并联机构进行研究提供了一定的理论依据

Comparative studies on morphology of Epinephelus moara and E.bruneus

对在分类上存在混乱的云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)和褐石斑鱼(E.bruneus)的外部形态和骨骼系统进行了比较研究,结果表明:两种石斑鱼的体形和体表横带等外部形态特征非常相似,但体表斑纹不同;Fisher逐步判别法分析得出两者在可量性状,如体长/肛长、背鳍基底长/臀鳍基底长和头长/眼径,可数性状,如背鳍鳍条数、鳃耙数和幽门盲囊数等方面的差异达到极显著水平(p<0.001);两者骨骼系统均由脑颅、咽颅、脊柱、肋骨和附肢骨骼组成,主轴和附肢骨骼的形态结构基本相同,但在脑颅的眶前骨和眶后骨、咽颅的前鳃盖骨和尾舌骨、附肢骨骼的髓棘间骨以及尾下骨与尾鳍鳍条连接方式等方面存在明显差异。上述形态与骨骼差异可作为两种石斑鱼种间分类的依据。研究结果确认云纹石斑鱼和褐石斑鱼为两个不同的物种。To identify the animal species accurately is very important for both biologist and farmer.Groupers are of considerable importance in the commercial and artisanal fisheries in tropical and subtropical seas.It presents certain difficulties and confusions in the identification of the species.For example,whether E.moara and E.bruneus,with the closely similarity in outer shape and distribution belong to one species or not,has being existed the argument for a long time.The interspecific differences between them were mainly identified on the basis of the skeleton system as well as the meristic and morphometric characters.The results revealed as the followings:(1) Although their outer shape,color and bands were very similar,the bars on the body were different.By means of the Fisher Discriminant Function Analysis,statistically significant difference would be found to exist between E.moara and E.bruneus(p<0.001) in meristic and morphometric characters,such as the ratios of body length/snout-vent length,dorsal fin coxal length/ anal fin coxal length and head length/diameter of eyes,the numbers of dorsal fin rays,gill rakers and pyloric caeca;(2) They were basically homologous on the configuration and composition of neurocranium,splanchnocranium,vertebrate,rib and appendicular skeleton,but there were many remarkably differences: Preorbital,Post-orbital,Preoperculare,Urohyal,Predorsal interneural spine and the connection of Hypurals and Caudal spine and so on.As we known,these skeletons could also be used as the important characters to identify genera or species in fishes.Accordingly,we considered that E.moara and E.bruneus were different species in the same genus.国家自然科学基金资助(4057606440306023

Electrochemical Sensing System for Determination of Heavy Metals in Seawater

研制了一种新型的海水重金属电化学传感器流动分析系统。通过在线过滤、紫外线消解、电化学富集以及离子选择性电极电位测定等过程,实现对海水重金属的高灵敏、高选择性的快速检测。在海水基体条件下,对于镉、铅和铜的测定线性范围分别为1.0&times;10-9～1.0&times;10-7 mol/L,3.0&times;10-9～1.0&times;10-7 mol/L和1.0&times;10-9～1.0&times;10-7 mol/L,相应检出限为2.8&times;10-10,6.6&times;10-10和5.1&times;10-10 mol/L,连续6次测定的RSD均小于5%,全程分析在25min内完成。应用于实际海水样品分析,其测定结果与溶出伏安法一致。此传感器性能可靠、成本低廉,在海水重金属现场快速监测方面具有良好的应用前景。 &nbsp;</p