e-Proceedings book: International Conference On Sustainability Engineering Education (ICSEE2023)

The International Conference on Sustainability Engineering Education (ICSEE 2023) was held in a hybrid format at Corus Hotel Kuala Lumpur. ICSEE 2023 also received participation from various countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Oman, Iraq, and Japan, with a total of 36 presenters

Kesan Agregat Berkubik Dan Pengusiaan Ke Atas Sifat Kejuruteraan Konkrit Asfalt ACW14 [TA441. R165 2008 f rb].

Dalam industri pembinaan jalan raya yang semakin pesat membangun, permintaan ke atas agregat sebagai bahan binaan semakin meningkat. Demand for aggregates as construction material increased due to the continuous development of the road building industry

The influence of eggshell powder as additive on the physical and mechanical properties of stone mastic asphalt

Stone mastic asphalt (SMA) has been widely used in Europe since the early 1960s, followed by numberous trials in countries such as the USA and Australia, where it has been positioned as a premium pavement surfacing course purposely for heavy duty pavements, highways and other roads with heavy truck traffic. In addition, Malaysia's demand for 900 million eggs per month produces a significant amount of solid waste. If all these eggshells were recycled and used for fertiliser or other purposes, this would help to reduce the overall amount of solid waste to a certain level. The eggshell in the solid food waste has been studied in detail and found to be suitable for processing into eggshell powder (EP) additives and applied to today's construction industry. Thus, this research learnt the influence of EP as bitumen modification in stone mastic asphalt (SMA) in term of physical and mechanical properties. Moreover, this research also determines the optimum percentage of EP as the bitumen modifier by the combination of 0%, 4%, 8% and 12%. The physical properties of SMA can determine through cantabro loss, permeability and marshall stability test, while the mechanical properties of SMA can determine through indirect tensile strength. In short, 12% of ESP was the optimum percentage as bitumen modifier in SMA, it increased the strength in the mechanical properties from 201 kPa to 230 kPa

Effect of open-graded coarse aggregate on concrete paving blocks properties for pavement

The potential of using coarse aggregate for open graded in the production of concrete paving blocks (CPB) were presented in this study. Three different sizes of coarse aggregate were used through the investigation: (a) passes 8 mm retains 5 mm, (b) passes 10 mm retains 8 mm and (c) passes 10 mm retains 5 mm as control. Furthermore, a series of tests were carried out to determine the properties of the blocks, namely density, porosity, weight loss, compressive strength and skid resistance test. It was found that the size of coarse aggregate effects on many aspects, especially in the strength of the blocks. However, at the same time it also provides sufficient strength or the minimum required strength (30 MPa) for a rectangular block to be used as part of paving surface. In addition, the blocks show that it is suitable for use in vehicle area when the value of the British Pendulum Number of skid resistance test more than 45 referred to BS 6717; 2001

Editorial: 2022 Retrospective: structural materials

© 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Welcome to the Research Topic “2022 Retrospective: Structural Materials.” This curated Research Topic highlights esteemed spontaneous articles from the past few years, personally selected by our Chief Editor, Prof. John L. Provis. The work showcased here underscores the extensive spectrum of research conducted within the section and seeks to illuminate its primary areas of interest. All the studies presented here demonstrate significant advancements in theory, experimentation, and methodology, offering solutions to compelling problems. Therefore, the editorial team deems it crucial to give special attention to these matters.Peer reviewe

Production of biodiesel from palm oil using egg shell waste as heterogeneous catalyst

Egg shell waste was investigated in a triglyceride transesterification with a view to determine its viability as a solid catalyst for the biodiesel production. The utilization of egg shell as a catalyst not only reduces its environmental effects, but also reduces the price of biodiesel to make it competitive with petroleum diesel. In this study, egg shell waste was ground and the powder produced was calcined at 900˚C for 4 hours in a furnace. The physical properties of the catalyst were characterized by using the Fourier Transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the biodiesel conversion was determined by the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). 4wt% of catalyst dosage was fixed throughout the experiment. The results obtained indicated that CaO derived from egg shell waste was comparable with the commercial CaO. The maximum percentage yield of biodiesel by using derived CaO is 75.85% under optimum conditions of 6:1 methanol to oil ratio after 3 hours at 65˚C, while for commercial CaO, 74.97% yield of biodiesel with 3:1 methanol to oil ratio after 3 hours at 60˚C

A sustainable revolution in sisal fiber with enhanced mechanical properties of concrete

Introduction: This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of conventional concrete (CC) and Sisal Fiber Concrete (SFC) and incorporates sisal fiber into a concrete blend for the M25 grade concrete mix. Methods: In order to evaluate the efficacy of both variations of concrete, mechanical and durability parameters were examined. As compared to CC, the results indicated that SFC had a substantially greater compressive strength. The average compressive strength of SFC at the 28-day was 29.47 N/mm2, which signified a significant incremental percentage growth of 9.58% in comparison to CC. In the same way, SFC exhibited an exceptional flexural strength, as evidenced by its mean value of 7.81 N/mm2, which represented a significant 34.42% improvement in comparison to CC. The Bayesian factor independent sample test yielded a t-test value of 12.495 for compressive strength, accompanied by a p-value below 0.001. These results suggest that the observed difference was statistically significant. Conversely, a t-test value of 19.380 and a p-value below 0.001 were produced by the Bayesian factor independent sample test for flexural strength, both of which further supported the existence of a significant difference. The mean disparity in compressive strength between CC and SFC was 5.1522 N/mm2, with a 95% confidence interval encompassing values between 4.2856 and 6.0188 N/mm2. In a similar manner, the mean discrepancy in flexural strength was 2.0000 N/mm2, accompanied by a 95% confidence interval that varied between 1.7831 and 2.2169 N/mm2. Results: The obtained results provide further evidence that SFC is stronger than CC in both compressive and flexural strength, which is consistent with the results obtained from the frequentist statistical analysis. Conclusion: With its eco-friendly properties, sisal fiber concrete could indeed play a significant role in the future of sustainable construction

Improving the behavior of the CBF system using an innovative box section damper: Experimental and numerical study

In this study, an innovative shear damper made of a box section with an easily constructed method, lower cost, and higher energy dissipation capacity compared to existing dampers was introduced to address the low energy dissipation capacity of Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs) resulting from the buckling of their diagonal compression members under earthquake loading. In this regard, firstly, an experimental test was conducted to evaluate the cyclic performance of the proposed damper. Subsequently, a comprehensive parametric study, based on robust finite element analysis validated by experimental results, was carried out to examine the effects of the proposed passive metallic energy damper on the cyclic performance of CBFs. Experimental and numerical results indicated that the proposed damper exhibits suitable performance with stable hysteresis curves and no degradation in stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation. The results also revealed that the proposed damper demonstrates an overstrength exceeding 1.5 (as recommended by AISC341), and therefore, an overstrength of 2.0 was proposed for the damper. Furthermore, limitations of ρ > 0.55 and ψ > 10 must be applied in the damper design, where…. For optimal performance, it is suggested to design the damper in a way that its web slenderness varies between 67 and 113. Additionally, the proposed equation was in good agreement with finite element results in predicting the ultimate strength of the damper

The influence of eggshell as coarse aggregate replacement in hot mix asphalt

Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is the most commonly used in Malaysia for highways, interstates and roads due to its flexibility, economical, strong and provide safe riding quality for road users. Over the years, the increase of damage on pavement roads in Malaysia has become a severe issue although the road did not achieve its design life. Hence, to reduce damage and defect, an improvised road pavement structures is needed. Various studies have been conducted to identify the new materials that can be used as a replacement in hot mix asphalt. In this research, the purpose is to evaluate the performance of eggshell as coarse aggregate replacement in hot mix asphalt. The gradation for aggregate used in this mixture is AC14. The weight for total mixing of the aggregates used is 1200g while the grade for bitumen is 60/70. The samples were mixed with eggshell in the various percentages of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by total weight of aggregate size 5mm. The laboratory tests carried out to determine the properties of aggregates included, aggregate impact value and aggregate crushing value. Besides, penetration and softening point were also performed to determine the properties of bitumen. Several types of test were conducted towards the samples, which are Marshall Test, Indirect Tensile Strength and Cantabro Test. The results exhibit that the conventional asphalt mixture is more effective than modified asphalt mixture. The replacement of eggshell as coarse aggregate was not enough improvement to the performance of asphalt pavement as the performance of conventional mixture is more stable than modified mixture