A Method to Identify and Analyze Biological Programs through Automated Reasoning.

Predictive biology is elusive because rigorous, data-constrained, mechanistic models of complex biological systems are difficult to derive and validate. Current approaches tend to construct and examine static interaction network models, which are descriptively rich but often lack explanatory and predictive power, or dynamic models that can be simulated to reproduce known behavior. However, in such approaches implicit assumptions are introduced as typically only one mechanism is considered, and exhaustively investigating all scenarios is impractical using simulation. To address these limitations, we present a methodology based on automated formal reasoning, which permits the synthesis and analysis of the complete set of logical models consistent with experimental observations. We test hypotheses against all candidate models, and remove the need for simulation by characterizing and simultaneously analyzing all mechanistic explanations of observed behavior. Our methodology transforms knowledge of complex biological processes from sets of possible interactions and experimental observations to precise, predictive biological programs governing cell function

LAPACK-Based Software for Subspace Identification

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Hyperglycemia Induction in HepG2 Cell Line

Background: Hyperglycemia is one of the important featurs of diabetes. In cell culture studies different methods are used to mimic the hyperglycemia condition. In this study we investigate response of human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) to high insulin, high glucose, and high insulin/ high glucose medium exposure.Methods: HepG2 cells were settled in DMEM+0.1% FBS or DMEM free-serum medium with high concentrations of d-glucose (30 mm) and/or insulin (1μM) for 24h after an overnight starving in serum- free medium. The level of hyperglycemia was estimated in the supernatants via GOD-POD method.Results: Serum-free madium with high insulin/ high glucose consentration made the higher level of hypreglycemia in HepG2 cells.Conclusions: Our study interduced high insulin/ high glucose treatment as the best way to induction hyperglycemia.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Training Method and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the Metamemory in the Students with Special Learning Disorders

Background: The present study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive training method and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the metamemory in the students with special learning disorders. Methods: The study has been conducted based on a semi-experimental design of pretest-posttest type with control group. Forty-five students were selected based on a purposive sampling method and assigned to two groups, a control group and an experimental group (each containing 15 individuals) based on a simple randomized method. One of the experimental groups received cognitive training for a period of 20 to 30 sessions, each 45 minutes (twice a week) and the other group was subjected to transcranial direct current stimulation for 20 minutes during ten consecutive days. The statistical method of choice was multivariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA). Significant level was set at 0.05. Results: The results of data analysis using covariance analysis indicated that both of the cognitive training method and the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) were effective in the metamemory (Pvalue<0.01). Conclusions: Cognitive training and the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) methods can be applied for improving the metamemory in students with special learning disabilities.  Keywords: Metamemory, Cognitive training, Learning disabilities, Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

Hyperglycemia Induction in HepG2 Cell Line

Background: Hyperglycemia is one of the important featurs of diabetes. In cell culture studies different methods are used to mimic the hyperglycemia condition. In this study we investigate response of human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) to high insulin, high glucose, and high insulin/ high glucose medium exposure.Methods: HepG2 cells were settled in DMEM+0.1% FBS or DMEM free-serum medium with high concentrations of d-glucose (30 mm) and/or insulin (1μM) for 24h after an overnight starving in serum- free medium. The level of hyperglycemia was estimated in the supernatants via GOD-POD method.Results: Serum-free madium with high insulin/ high glucose consentration made the higher level of hypreglycemia in HepG2 cells.Conclusions: Our study interduced high insulin/ high glucose treatment as the best way to induction hyperglycemia.

Bullying By Teachers: Preventative Measures in Hogwarts

In our case study, the Battle of Hogwarts, we decided to address the problem of bullying by teachers against students in the forms of discrimination, indoctrination, and maltreatment of students and how that might result in negative educational outcomes such as a lack of self-esteem, racist beliefs, discrimination, and stress. Students who were bullied before, during, and after the battle may have long-lasting problems that resulted from such instances of mistreatment. For example, professors such as Snape and the Carrows discriminated against Muggle-born students like Hermione. During the take-over of Hogwarts by the Death Eaters, Defense Against the Dark Arts was changed to the Dark Arts, therefore indoctrinating the students to Voldemort’s belief system. Finally, the use of the Cruciatus curse on misbehaving students was a form of maltreatment perpetrated by professors of Hogwarts. After reviewing the literature, as the founders of the New Age of Hogwarts, we have proposed a multidimensional and holistic solution that we will describe after defining our subject matter