A case of xenon inhalation therapy for respiratory failure and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with COVID-19

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the main danger to the life of patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2. At the same time, respiratory failure (RF) after ARDS can persist for a long time despite intensive therapy. Therefore, it is important to develop new effective approaches for restoring the ventilation function of the lungs after COVID-19. Here, we present a case report of effective application of short-term inhalations of xenon-oxygen (Xe/O2) gas mixture for treatment of RF and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD) associated with COVID-19. The patient inhaled a gas mixture of 70 % Xe and 30 % O2. We used multispiral computed tomog-raphy, evaluated psychometry, studied hematological and biochemical blood parameters, and applied some other methods of clinical studies to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of Xe inhalation. Also, we studied the mecha-nism of action of xenon with computer modeling. The clinical case showed the high efficacy of Xe/O2 mixture for treating severe RF and NPD after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Xenon inhalations dramatically increased oxygen saturation and the degree of pneumatization of the lungs. We found out that in coronavirus pneumonia, saturated phospholipids of surfactant are transferred to the solid-ordered phase, which disrupts the surface tension of the alveoli and alveolar gas exchange. Using molecular modeling methods, we demonstrated that the xenon atom in-creases the distance between the acyl chains of phospholipids due to the van der Waals dispersion interaction. These changes allow for the phase transition of phospholipids from the solid-ordered phase to the liquid phase and restore the functional activity of the surfactant. The findings suggest the feasibility of conducting studies on the effectiveness of Xe/O2 inhalations for treating ARDS in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Global tests evaluating the functional condition of hemostasis

Control of effectiveness of global tests evaluation of the functional state regulation of blood aggregation provided an opportunity to obtain timely information about the I-II and III phases of hemostasis while using native substrate - whole blood. Ex vivo, registered during hemocoagulation of changing the viscous characteristics of whole blood, allowed to formulate the concept of fibrinogenesis permanence as in vivo existing process, defining proper hemostatic potential – integrative characteristic of the entire cycle of hemocoagulation, ensuring necessary blood fluidity and restricting extravasation of its components in case of defecting its permeability or damaging its vascular wall

ENDOTHELIAL PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF 2,6-DIISOBORNYL-4-METHYLPHENOL IN A MODEL OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION IN RATS

Objective: Our research focuses on the endothelial protective effects of 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol. Its effect was revealed while studying rats experiencing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. The research results demonstrated that there are significant disturbances in the vascular endothelium manifested by a decrease in the vasodilating activity and antiplatelet properties of 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol. Methods: We designed our own model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and applied it to 52 adult outbred Wistar males. We employed some methods of hemostasiological research such as thromboelastography to determine the antiplatelet activity of the vascular wall, G. Born nephelometric method to study platelet aggregation, phase contrast microscopy to count platelet counts in blood plasma, measurement of intra-arterial pressure to study the endothelial vasodilating function, and calculated the endothelial dysfunction coefficient in rats. Results: Preventive intragastric injection of 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol (100 mg/kg, 3 days before and 5 days after reproducing the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion model) increased the antiplatelet activity of the vascular endothelium in rats by 37% compared to the endothelium of the abdominal aorta segment of untreated animals. Moreover, 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol decreased the endothelial dysfunction coefficient by 43% in comparison with the value in the control group. Conclusion: 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol has an endothelial protective effect proved by its ability to increase antiplatelet properties of the endothelium and decrease the endothelial dysfunction coefficient. The revealed endothelial protective properties of 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol can be regarded as one of the potential mechanisms of cardioprotective activity of the drug

Механизмы формирования послеоперационной адаптации при комплексном лечении тиреопатий

Surgical thyropathy correction is inevitably accompanied by specific change s in hormonal status. We have analyzed the ada ptation mechan - isms and compensat ory and adaptive reactions responsible for the whole life-support system of organism. On the basis of a number of organism homeostats nonspecific mechanism s of resistant and tolerant realisation strategies of long-term adaptation were studied, suppositions were made on possible effective course of adaptation reactions in the conditions of healthy thyroidal issue transplantation and cellular therapy use.Хирургическая коррекция тиреопатий неизбежно сопровождается специфическими изменениями гормонального статуса. Проанализированы формирующиеся адаптационные механизмы и компенсаторно-приспособительные реакции, отвечающие за систему жизнеобеспечения организма в целом. На основании взаимодействия ряда гомеостатов организма изучены неспецифические механизмы реализации резистентной и толерантной стратегии долговременной адаптации, сделаны предположения о возможности эффективного протекания адаптационных реакций в условиях трансплантации здоровой тиреоидной ткани и применения клеточной терапии

A new tecnology of evaluating pharmacodynamics of antiaggregants

Участие тромбоцитов в гемостазе является их основной функцией, будучи «триггерами» и одновременно ключевыми участниками процесса тромбообразования. Цель работы — изучить влияние антиагрегантов на систему регуляции агрегатного состояния цельной крови у здоровых добровольцев с использованием теста низкочастотной пьезотромбоэластографии. По данным «глобального» теста, на начальных этапах гемокоагуляции выраженный специфический антиагрегантный эффект блокаторов ЦОГ-1 и АДФ-рецепторов сопровождается усилением тромбиновой активности и формированием гиперкоагуляции. Блокатор фосфодиэстеразы, имея меньший антиагрегантный эффект, в меньшей степени влияет на изменение тромбиновой активности, с последующей гипокоагуляцией.Participation of platelets in hemostasis is their main function, as “triggers” and at the same time the key participants in the process thrombogenesis. Study the effect of antiplatelet agents on the system of regulation of the state of aggregation of whole blood from healthy volunteers using test low-frequency pyezothromboelastography. According to the “global” test in the initial stages of blood coagulation, pronounced specific antiplatelet effect of blockers of COX-1 and ADP receptor is accompanied by increased thrombin activity and the formation of a hypercoagulable. Blocker of phosphodiesterase having less antiplatelet effect is lesser influence on change in activity of thrombin, followed with anticoagulation

Новая технология оценки фармакодинамики (действия) оральных антикоагулянтов

В настоящее время пристальное внимание уделяется таргетным пероральным антикоагулянтам, прямому ингибитору тромбина (фактора IIа) — дабигатрана этексилату и ингибитору фактора Ха — ривароксабану, а также методам контроля их влияния на систему гемостаза. Целью настоящей работы явилась разработка алгоритма оценки антикоагулянтного действия дабигатрана этексилата и ривароксабана, основанного на оценке гемостатического потенциала «глобальным» тестом — низкочастотной пьезоэлектрической тромбоэластографией, обеспечивающим оперативность, доступность, информативность, надежность исследования. Оценка гемостатического потенциала «глобальным» тестом — низкочастотной пьезоэлектрической тромбоэластографией — обеспечивает оперативность, доступность, информативность, надежность исследования. Динамика показателей низкочастотной пьезоэлектрической тромбоэластографии может быть использована для контроля антикоагулянтного действия препаратов.Currently, attention is paid to “targeted, oral” anticoagulants, direct thrombin inhibitors (IIa factor) — Dabigatran etexilate and Xa inhibitor factor — Rivaroxaban and control methods for their influence on the hemostatic system. The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm estimates the anticoagulant dabigatran etexilate and action Rivaroxaban based on an assessment of the hemostatic potential “global” test — the low-frequency piezoelectric thromboelastography ensuring efficiency, availability, informative, reliability studies. Assessment of hemostatic potential “global” test — low-frequency pyezoelectric thromboelastography provides efficiency, availability, informative, reliability studies. Low-frequency piezoelectric thromboelastography indicators dynamics can be used to monitor the anticoagulant effect of drugs