Влияние грехов и пороков повествоватей на их речь в англоязычной художественной прозе (Вплив грехів та пороків оповідaчів на їх мовлення у англомовній художній прозі) (The influence of the narrators’ sins and vices on their speech in english prose)

Статья посвящена особенностям изображения грехов и пороков повествователей в англоязычной художественной литературе. Рассматривается их влияние на речь повествователей. (Статтю присвячено особливостям зображення грехів та пороків оповідачів у англомовній художній літературі. Розглядається їх вплив на мовлення нараторів.) (The article focuses on the peculiarities of the narrators’ vices and sins depiction in English prose. Narrative in the novels and the story is presented through narrators’ point of view. The present stage of linguistic research is characterized by an increased interest towards the problem connected with the study of peculiarities of narrators’ speech and its typical deviations in English prose. Despite the fact that the study of the problem was investigated by many scientists, the peculiarities of the narrator’s vices (sins) depiction from the narrators’ point of view were not considered. The aim of our article is to determine the stylistic peculiarities of the narrators’ vices and sins description by the main characters through whose perception they are shown. The results of the research can serve as a theoretical and practical basis for further study of the peculiarities of the description of the sins of the narrators represented by themselves. The prospects of investigation are to describe the peculiarities of the narrator’s vices description by other narrators in English literature.

Defining a Criteria for the Identification of a Technique for Producing Tomato Juice

The basis of modern analysis of the quality of juice products is a matrix approach. The essence of the matrix approach is to define a series of parameters, which comprehensively characterize the composition of juices. In this regard, it is important to study the content of individual biologically active components in addition to general quality parameters in evaluation of juices. The content of individual biologically active components depends on the origin of raw materials and technology of processing.Analysis of the chemical composition of tomatoes showed that carotenoids are characteristic nutrients inherent to this particular kind of vegetables. In this regard, we propose the content of β-carotene as the most acceptable criterion for identification.We studied quality of tomato juices by organoleptic and physical-and-chemical parameters (soluble solids content, total acidity, mass fraction of pulp and β-carotene content) in order to confirm a method of production of tomato juices, namely, the method of recovery or direct pressing.The profile analysis showed that the most positive parameters were in the juices of «EosBio» TM and «Galicia» TM, which makes us assert that their production technique was direct pressing. We established that the mass fraction of soluble solids, titratable acids and pulp met the requirements in all samples. The largest mass fraction of pulp was in the juices of «Galicia» TM – 30.80 and «EosBio» TM – 24.23. This data confirms that the method of production of these juices was direct pressing.We established that the content of β-carotene in the juices of «Sandora» TM, «Rich» TM and «Sadochok» TM produced by the method of recovery was in the range of 0.24–0.32 mg/100 g. At the same time, these values were significantly higher in the juices of «Galicia» TM and «EosBio» TM produced by the method of direct pressing, they were 0.589 and 0.591 mg/100 g, respectively. Thus, we confirmed the assumption about the connection between a production method and the content of β-carotene in tomato juices. We proposed using this parameter as a marker criterion for the identification of a technique for producing tomato juice

Direction and experience of realization of innovation forms and methods of training pharmacognosy in preparation of the modern specialist-pharmacist

In present research paper the directions of innovation forms and methods of training pharmacognosy and their role in formation of the modern expert-pharmacist are considered

Circulating GDF11 exacerbates myocardial injury in mice and associates with increased infarct size in humans.

The heart rejuvenating effects of circulating growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a transforming growth factor-β superfamily member that shares 90% homology with myostatin (MSTN), remains controversial. Here, we aimed to probe the role of GDF11 in acute myocardial infarction (MI), a frequent cause of heart failure and premature death during ageing. In contrast to endogenous Mstn, myocardial Gdf11 declined during the course of ageing and was particularly reduced following ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, suggesting a therapeutic potential of GDF11 signalling in MI. Unexpectedly, boosting systemic Gdf11 by recombinant GDF11 delivery (0.1 mg/kg body weight over 30 days) prior to myocardial I/R augmented myocardial infarct size in C57BL/6 mice irrespective of their age, predominantly by accelerating pro-apoptotic signalling. While intrinsic cardioprotective signalling pathways remained unaffected by high circulating GDF11, targeted transcriptomics and immunomapping studies focusing on GDF11-associated downstream targets revealed attenuated Nkx2-5 expression confined to CD105-expressing cells, with pro-apoptotic activity, as assessed by caspase-3 levels, being particularly pronounced in adjacent cells, suggesting an indirect effect. By harnessing a highly specific and validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based assay, we show that in prospectively recruited patients with MI circulating GDF11 but not MSTN levels incline with age. Moreover, GDF11 levels were particularly elevated in those at high risk for adverse outcomes following the acute event, with circulating GDF11 emerging as an independent predictor of myocardial infarct size, as estimated by standardized peak creatine kinase-MB levels. Our data challenge the initially reported heart rejuvenating effects of circulating GDF11 and suggest that high levels of systemic GDF11 exacerbate myocardial injury in mice and humans alike. Persistently high GDF11 levels during ageing may contribute to the age-dependent loss of cardioprotective mechanisms and thus poor outcomes of elderly patients following acute MI