Analysis of the Applicability of the Power MOSFETs in Depletion Mode

Bakalářská práce se zaobírá analýzou a rešerší unipolárních MOSFET v režimu ochuzování, rozsáhlejší rešerší budičů. Dále jsou v práci zmíněny požadavky na ideální a výkovové budiče. V další část byly uvedeny do kontextu aplikační požadavky tranzistorů v režimu ochuzování a řídícími budiči. Ke konci práce byla provedena realizace H – můstku pracující jako proudový střídač. Práce se zároveň snaží prosadit ne příliš využívanou technologii tranzistorů a ukázat, ve kterých případech je ochuzovací režim MOSFET vhodné a žádané použít.The bachelor's thesis deals with the analysis and research of unipolar MOSFETs in depletion mode, a more extensive research of drivers. Furthermore, requirements for ideal and forged drivers are mentioned in the thesis. In the next part, the application requirements of transistors in depletion mode and control drivers were put into context. Towards the end of the work, an H-bridge working as a current inverter was implemented. At the same time, the work tries to promote the not very used transistor technology and to show in which cases the MOSFET depletion mode is suitable and desirable to use.430 - Katedra aplikované elektronikydobř

Efekti kombinacije ležećeg položaja i oscilatorne plućne ventilacije visoke frekvencije na razmenu gasova u krvi na modelu sindroma akutnog respiratornog šoka kod svinja

This animal study was conducted in order to verify the effects of combining high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and prone positioning and the order of application of both methods on blood gas exchange in an experimental model of acute respiratory distress syndrome.Forty domestic pigs were used for the study. Saline solution washout was produced by bilateral lung lavage. The lavage process was repeated until adequate impairment of gas exchange (defi ned as PaO2 < 100 mmHg) 60 min following the last lavage was achieved. Subsequently, lung injury was established and each model was randomized to one of fi ve groups, with differences in the type of mechanical ventilation used (conventional mechanical ventilation in accordance with the principles of protective lung ventilation or high-frequency oscillatory ventilation) and also in the positioning of the experimental model (supine position or mode changing prone and supine positions in a ratio 18:6 hours).The best oxygenation was achieved in the group prone position + high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. The most favorable combination in terms of carbon dioxide elimination is the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation + prone position. The best results in terms of oxygenation index value were obtained in the combination of a prone position with the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and in the prone position.In conclusion, by using combinations of prone positioning and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, one can achieve better blood gas parameters during acute respiratory distress syndrome.Ispitivanje je sprovedeno sa ciljem utvrđivanja efekata kombinacije oscilatorne ventilacije visoke frekvencije i ležećeg položaja, na razmenu gasova u krvi u eksperimentalnom modelu sindroma akutnog respiratornog šoka, kod 40 svinja. Urađena je bilateralna lavaža pluća fi ziloškim rastvorom. Postupak lavaže je ponovljan dok nije postignut adekvatan poremećaj razmene gasova (defi nisano kao PaO2<100 mmHg) 60 minuta posle poslednje lavaže. Posle toga, uočena je ozleda pluća i svaki model je nasumično raspoređen u jednu od pet grupa sa različitim tipom mehaničke ventilacije kao i prema poziciji eksperimentalnog modela (leđni položaj ili izmena stomačnog i leđnog položaja). Najbolja oksigenacija je postignuta u grupi sa stomačnim položajem + oscilatorna ventilacija visoke frekvencije. Najbolja kombinacija u odnosu na eliminaciju ugljen dioksida je bila oscilatorna ventilacija visoke frekvencije + stomačni položaj. Najbolji rezultati u odnosu na indeks oksigenacije dobijeni su primenom kombinacije stomačnog položaja + oscilatorna ventilacija visoke frekvencije kao i samo stomačni položaj. Može da se zaključi da se primenom kombinacije stomačnog položaja i oscilatorne ventilacije visoke frekvencije dobijaju bolje vrednosti gasova u krvi tokom sindroma akutnog respiratornog šoka

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

Composition of the Final checking institution in the action of formulating of the market economy

Práce se zabývá problematikou vnější kontroly hospodaření se státním majetkem prostřednictvím Nejvyššího kontrolního úřadu. Je zde zachycena problematika působnosti, organizační struktura i vlastní kontrolní činnosti Nejvyššího kontrolního úřadu. Stranou pozornosti nezůstává ani historický vývoj Úřadu.Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo

Classification of Infections in Intensive Care Units: A Comparison of Current Definition of Hospital-Acquired Infections and Carrier State Criterion

Background: The rate of nosocomial infection appears to depend on whether it is calculated using the Center for Disease Control (CDC) or carrier state criteria. The objective of this study was to differentiate between primary endogenous (PE), secondary endogenous (SE) and exogenous (EX) infections, and to compare this classification with CDC criteria for nosocomial infections. Methods: Children hospitalized for more than 72 h at pediatric intensive care unit during 2004–2005 were enrolled. Children, who had the infection before the admission, and or did not develop an infection within the hospitalization were excluded. Surveillance samples were sampled on admission, and then twice a week. Diagnostic samples were obtained when infection was suspected based on the clinical condition and laboratory findings. Infections were evaluated as PE, SE and EX, and their incidences were compared with CDC criteria for nosocomial infections. Results: One hundred seventy eight patients were enrolled in the study. Forty-four patients (24.7%) develop infection. Twenty-seven patients (61.3%) had PE, 10 patients (22.7%) had SE, and 7 patients (15.9%) had EX infection. Secondary endogenous and EX infections are considered as nosocomial, thus 17 patients (38.6%) had a nosocomial infection. Thirty-one patients (70.5%) met CDC criteria for nosocomial infections. Seventeen patients (55%) were classified as PE, and 14 patients (45%) as SE or EX infections.Conclusion: Seventy percent of infections (31 out of 44 patients) met the CDC criteria for nosocomial infections, but only 39% of infections (17 out of 44 patients) were classified as nosocomial based on carrier state classification

Trefoil factor 3 as a marker of intestinal cell damage during sepsis

Objective: Gastrointestinal dysfunction or gut failure frequently occurs in seriously ill patients and can be responsible for multi-organ failure. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) was characterized for its role in reconstitution of an epithelial barrier after mucosal injury in the jejunum. The aims of our study was an analysis of TFF3 levels dynamics in patients with sepsis and the correlation of TFF3 with severity of sepsis and mortality