Regenerative processes of removing sulfur dioxide from flue gases - selection and determination of thermo-physical properties of new solvents and their mixtures and process modeling

Сумпор-диоксид је гас стаклене баште са индиректним дејством, који настаје сагоревањем фосилних горива (угља или нафте), која имају удео сумпора у свом саставу. У Републици Србији ови енергенти су доминантни у процесу производње електричне енергије у оквиру Јавног предузећа Електропривреда Србије (ЈП ЕПС). Већ дуго времена је познато да сумпор-диоксид има штетан утицај на људско здравље, животну околину и на климатске промене. У погледу штетног утицаја на људско здравље, сумпор-диоксид узрокује астму, смањује капацитет плућа и узрокује запаљенске процесе респираторног тракта. У погледу штетног дејства на околину, утиче на закисељавање терена и подземних вода, уништава вегетацију и штетно делује на грађевинске објекте. Појава хлађења атмосфере, услед формирања честица сулфата, један је од од мноштва непожељних ефеката на промену климе. Процеси за уклањање сумпорних оксида из димних гасова у енергетици и процесној индустрији, добијаjу на значају порастом свести о значају њиховог уклањања. Паралелно је растао и значај доношења законске регулативе која ће регулисати ову проблематику, првенствено у индустријски најразвијенијим земљама. Иако је у практичној индустријској употреби, уназад већ неколико деценија, мокри кречњачки поступак још увек најзаступљенији процес за одсумпоравање димних гасова, у последње време, све чешћу примену имају процеси са хемијском и физичком апсорпцијом и термичком регенерацијом солвента. Предности регенеративних апсорпционих поступака су ефикасност и еколошки аспекти...Sulfur dioxide is a greenhouse gas with an indirect effect, produced by burning fossil fuels (coal or oil), with a sulfur in its composition. In The Republic of Serbia, within the Public Enterprise Electric Power Industry of Serbia (EPS), these fuels are dominant in the production of electricity. It is known that sulfur dioxide has a harmful effect on human health, the environment and climate change. With respect to the harmful effect on the human health, sulfur dioxide causes asthma, and reduce the capacity of the lungs causes inflammation of the respiratory tract. In terms of adverse effects on the environment, it has adverse impact on terrain and ground water acidification, destroying vegetation and damaging impact on buildings. The appearance of atmosphere cooling, due to the formation of sulfate particles is just one of many adverse effects on climate change. Process for sulfur oxides removal from the flue gases in the energy and process industries, were not important in the past, until its importance was gained. Legislation that will regulate this matter, especially in industrially developed countries, simultaneously had its growing trend. The wet limestone process is still the most common process for flue gas desulphurization, although it has had its practical use in industy, for several decades ago. Process with chemical and physical absorption and thermal regeneration of the solvent, have more and more frequent application. Absorption processes with thermal regeneration have its advantages, among them are efficiency and environmental aspects

Self-aggregation of soil humic acids with respect to their structural characteristics

The main goal of this work was to estimate the influence of carboxyl and phenolic groups, as well as aromatic, aliphatic and polysaccharide components, on the soil humic acids (HA) self-aggregation process. Soil HAs (leptosol and regosol) were separated using base resin getting fractions with different functional group contents. Blocking of carboxyl groups was performed using the esterification procedure to estimate the participation of each functional group in the HA aggregation. The presence of HA structural components was evaluated by potentiometric titration and ATR-FTIR. The aggregation was monitored at pH 3 using dynamic light scattering. Results indicated that the higher group content, the HA aggregation is less pronounced. A significant positive correlation of aliphatic C and aggregate size revealed their dominant influence in the HA self-aggregation. A lower abundance of aliphatic C in HA fractions could be considered as not sufficient to start the process. An increase of aromatic C in esters likely pointed out to its participation in hydrophobic bonding and, consequently, more pronounced aggregation. The relation of HA self-aggregate size with carboxyl and phenolic group, as well as aliphatic C, at low pH, could be considered universal regardless of the structural characteristics of the original or modified HA forms

Self-aggregation of soil humic acids with respect to their structural characteristics

The main goal of this work was to estimate the influence of carboxyl and phenolic groups, as well as aromatic, aliphatic and polysaccharide components, on the soil humic acids (HA) self-aggregation process. Soil HAs (leptosol and regosol) were separated using base resin getting fractions with different functional group contents. Blocking of carboxyl groups was performed using the esterification procedure to estimate the participation of each functional group in the HA aggregation. The presence of HA structural components was evaluated by potentiometric titration and ATR-FTIR. The aggregation was monitored at pH 3 using dynamic light scattering. Results indicated that the higher group content, the HA aggregation is less pronounced. A significant positive correlation of aliphatic C and aggregate size revealed their dominant influence in the HA self-aggregation. A lower abundance of aliphatic C in HA fractions could be considered as not sufficient to start the process. An increase of aromatic C in esters likely pointed out to its participation in hydrophobic bonding and, consequently, more pronounced aggregation. The relation of HA self-aggregate size with carboxyl and phenolic group, as well as aliphatic C, at low pH, could be considered universal regardless of the structural characteristics of the original or modified HA forms

Numerical Analysis of the Flue Gas-Coal Particles Mixture Flow in Burners Distribution Channels with Regulation Shutters At the Tpp Nikola Tesla-A1 Utility Boiler

Pulverized coal particles concentration distribution across the burners distribution channels, especially where plasma torches are installed, is one of the key issues for efficient implementation of plasma system for liquid fuel free combustion support at the pulverized coal fired boilers. The possibility of pulverized coal particles concentration increase at the lower burner channels of TPP Nikola Tesla - A1 boiler using regulation shutters is analyzed experimentally and numerically. Subject of present work is two-phase flue gas-particles mixture flow in burners distribution channels with regulation shutters installed at the TPP Nikola Tesla A1 boiler. Aim of this work is to optimize position of implemented system of shutters to achieve desired concentration and velocity distribution in channels with plasma torches, using numerical modelling. Experimental investigation was performed for the verification of proposed mathematical model for the prediction of the analyzed two-phase flow. Based on verified model, numerical parametric analysis was done. Obtained results of gas phase velocity field. coal particles concentration field, velocity and concentration profiles clearly show the dependence between shutters position and the coal particles mass flow rate and concentration distribution at the outlet cross-section of the burners distribution channels. According to the numerical optimization results suitable modification of the shutter system is proposed

Effectiveness and Economy of Hydrogen Production by Natural Gas Decomposition in the Thermal Plasma

Hydrogen produced by the thermal decomposition of natural gas in a low-temperature plasma reactor is the subject of this study. The main advantage of plasma pyrolysis of natural gas is that a high yield of hydrogen can be obtained without the emission of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide since the main products of the process are carbon in the solid state and hydrogen. The use of plasma allows the decomposition of natural gas without the use of catalysts, which is one of the main problems of current technologies for hydrogen production from this feedstock. In this paper, an analysis of the process is presented using a thermodynamic equilibrium model based on the minimum of the Gibbs function in the temperature range of 500-2500 K. Undesirable components in the system such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen compounds such as ammonia and nitric oxide are evaluated. The analysis showed the useful energy of the system per kilogram of feedstock and the efficiency of the high-temperature plasma decomposition process in terms of hydrogen produced. The results of the numerical analysis showed an optimal temperature for the process evaluation of about 1200 K, at which an efficiency of about 50 % is achieved.18th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES), 24-29 September, Dubrovnik, CroatiaScientific advisory board: [https://web.archive.org/web/20231215125756/https://www.dubrovnik2023.sdewes.org/scientific-advisory-board]Programme: [https://web.archive.org/web/20231215130738/https://www.dubrovnik2023.sdewes.org/programme

Investigation of Pressure Pulsations in the Furnace and Flue Gas Tract of the Pulverized Coal Combustion Utility Boiler

The paper presents new experimental method developed and new measuring system developed and installed into flame-gas tract of utility boiler. Investigations have been performed at the steam boiler of unit 2 at TPP Ptolemais. Ptolemais, Greece. which suffered from very unstable combustion and great pressure oscillations Experimental method. based on high-speed acquisition system. was developed and used for detection of pressure oscillations and determination of the origin of boiler unstable operation. Signals were obtained from piezoelectric pressure sensors located along the flame-gas tract of the steam boiler and time and frequency domain analysis were used for post processing of collected data. Investigations of the pressure oscillations in boiler gas tract have contributed to reveal origin of the boiler unstable operation. and have been of the great help in establishing proper boiler operatio

Results of the modernization of the electrostatic precipitator at unit B1 of the Thermal Power Plant Kostolac B

The electrostatic precipitator system of the lignite fired 350 MWe unit B1 of Thermal Power Plant Kostolac B has been modernized during 2014. The results of complex in site measurements, performed in the frame of performance control test at the beginning of the exploitation period of the upgraded electrostatic pre-cipitator proved that, under normal and guarantee working conditions of the boiler and precipitator, the emission of particulate matter do not exceed limiting value. After the period of precipitator further adjustments, five series of meas-urements in the frame of acceptance test were performed in accordance with rel-evant standards. This paper presents results of the investigation of particulate matter concentration, laboratory analysis of the lignite, fly and bottom ash sam-ples, working parameters of the unit and upgraded electrostatic precipitator as well as results of the calculations. The averaged mean particulate concentration at the exit of upgraded electrostatic precipitator of the unit B1 during Acceptance test was below guaranteed value. It is confirmed that adjustments of electrostatic precipitator electrical parameters have improved electrostatic precipitator effi-ciency, as well that electrostatic precipitatorcould work highly efficiently in en-ergy save mode with lower power consumption. © 2018 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia

Pljevlja lignite carbon emission characteristics

The anthropogenic emission of GHG especially CO has to be limited and reduced due to 2 their impact on global warming and climate change. Combustion of fossil fuels in the energy sector has a dominant share in total GHG emissions. In order to reduce GHG emission, European Union established a scheme for GHG allowance trading within the community, and the implementation of the European Union emission trading scheme, which is a key to GHG reduction in a cost-effective way. An important part of emission trading scheme is prescribed methodology for monitoring, reporting, and verification of the emission of GHG including characterization of the local fuels combusted by the energy sector. This paper presents lignite characteristics from open-pit mine Borovica- Pljevlja, which has highest coal production in Montenegro (>1.2 Mt per year), including evaluation of its carbon emission factor based on the laboratory analysis of 72 coal samples. Testing of the samples included proximate and ultimate analysis, as well as, net calorific value determination. In accordance with the obtained results, linear correlations between net calorific value and combustible matter content, carbon content and combustible matter content, hydrogen content and combustible matter content, carbon content and net calorific value, were established. Finally, the non-linear analytical correlation between carbon emission factor and net calorific value for Pljevlja lignite was proposed, as a base for the precise calculation of CO emission evaluation

Regenerative processes of removing sulfur dioxide from flue gases - selection and determination of thermo-physical properties of new solvents and their mixtures and process modeling

Сумпор-диоксид је гас стаклене баште са индиректним дејством, који настаје сагоревањем фосилних горива (угља или нафте), која имају удео сумпора у свом саставу. У Републици Србији ови енергенти су доминантни у процесу производње електричне енергије у оквиру Јавног предузећа Електропривреда Србије (ЈП ЕПС). Већ дуго времена је познато да сумпор-диоксид има штетан утицај на људско здравље, животну околину и на климатске промене. У погледу штетног утицаја на људско здравље, сумпор-диоксид узрокује астму, смањује капацитет плућа и узрокује запаљенске процесе респираторног тракта. У погледу штетног дејства на околину, утиче на закисељавање терена и подземних вода, уништава вегетацију и штетно делује на грађевинске објекте. Појава хлађења атмосфере, услед формирања честица сулфата, један је од од мноштва непожељних ефеката на промену климе. Процеси за уклањање сумпорних оксида из димних гасова у енергетици и процесној индустрији, добијаjу на значају порастом свести о значају њиховог уклањања. Паралелно је растао и значај доношења законске регулативе која ће регулисати ову проблематику, првенствено у индустријски најразвијенијим земљама. Иако је у практичној индустријској употреби, уназад већ неколико деценија, мокри кречњачки поступак још увек најзаступљенији процес за одсумпоравање димних гасова, у последње време, све чешћу примену имају процеси са хемијском и физичком апсорпцијом и термичком регенерацијом солвента. Предности регенеративних апсорпционих поступака су ефикасност и еколошки аспекти...Sulfur dioxide is a greenhouse gas with an indirect effect, produced by burning fossil fuels (coal or oil), with a sulfur in its composition. In The Republic of Serbia, within the Public Enterprise Electric Power Industry of Serbia (EPS), these fuels are dominant in the production of electricity. It is known that sulfur dioxide has a harmful effect on human health, the environment and climate change. With respect to the harmful effect on the human health, sulfur dioxide causes asthma, and reduce the capacity of the lungs causes inflammation of the respiratory tract. In terms of adverse effects on the environment, it has adverse impact on terrain and ground water acidification, destroying vegetation and damaging impact on buildings. The appearance of atmosphere cooling, due to the formation of sulfate particles is just one of many adverse effects on climate change. Process for sulfur oxides removal from the flue gases in the energy and process industries, were not important in the past, until its importance was gained. Legislation that will regulate this matter, especially in industrially developed countries, simultaneously had its growing trend. The wet limestone process is still the most common process for flue gas desulphurization, although it has had its practical use in industy, for several decades ago. Process with chemical and physical absorption and thermal regeneration of the solvent, have more and more frequent application. Absorption processes with thermal regeneration have its advantages, among them are efficiency and environmental aspects

Regenerative processes of removing sulfur dioxide from flue gases - selection and determination of thermo-physical properties of new solvents and their mixtures and process modeling

Сумпор-диоксид је гас стаклене баште са индиректним дејством, који настаје сагоревањем фосилних горива (угља или нафте), која имају удео сумпора у свом саставу. У Републици Србији ови енергенти су доминантни у процесу производње електричне енергије у оквиру Јавног предузећа Електропривреда Србије (ЈП ЕПС). Већ дуго времена је познато да сумпор-диоксид има штетан утицај на људско здравље, животну околину и на климатске промене. У погледу штетног утицаја на људско здравље, сумпор-диоксид узрокује астму, смањује капацитет плућа и узрокује запаљенске процесе респираторног тракта. У погледу штетног дејства на околину, утиче на закисељавање терена и подземних вода, уништава вегетацију и штетно делује на грађевинске објекте. Појава хлађења атмосфере, услед формирања честица сулфата, један је од од мноштва непожељних ефеката на промену климе. Процеси за уклањање сумпорних оксида из димних гасова у енергетици и процесној индустрији, добијаjу на значају порастом свести о значају њиховог уклањања. Паралелно је растао и значај доношења законске регулативе која ће регулисати ову проблематику, првенствено у индустријски најразвијенијим земљама. Иако је у практичној индустријској употреби, уназад већ неколико деценија, мокри кречњачки поступак још увек најзаступљенији процес за одсумпоравање димних гасова, у последње време, све чешћу примену имају процеси са хемијском и физичком апсорпцијом и термичком регенерацијом солвента. Предности регенеративних апсорпционих поступака су ефикасност и еколошки аспекти...Sulfur dioxide is a greenhouse gas with an indirect effect, produced by burning fossil fuels (coal or oil), with a sulfur in its composition. In The Republic of Serbia, within the Public Enterprise Electric Power Industry of Serbia (EPS), these fuels are dominant in the production of electricity. It is known that sulfur dioxide has a harmful effect on human health, the environment and climate change. With respect to the harmful effect on the human health, sulfur dioxide causes asthma, and reduce the capacity of the lungs causes inflammation of the respiratory tract. In terms of adverse effects on the environment, it has adverse impact on terrain and ground water acidification, destroying vegetation and damaging impact on buildings. The appearance of atmosphere cooling, due to the formation of sulfate particles is just one of many adverse effects on climate change. Process for sulfur oxides removal from the flue gases in the energy and process industries, were not important in the past, until its importance was gained. Legislation that will regulate this matter, especially in industrially developed countries, simultaneously had its growing trend. The wet limestone process is still the most common process for flue gas desulphurization, although it has had its practical use in industy, for several decades ago. Process with chemical and physical absorption and thermal regeneration of the solvent, have more and more frequent application. Absorption processes with thermal regeneration have its advantages, among them are efficiency and environmental aspects