Biopesticide activity of the extracts of self-seeding plants of Lamiaceae family

Ispitivan je hemijski sastav etarskih ulja i vodenih ekstrakata tri vrste samoniklih biljaka familije Lamiaceae: Satureja montana L., Salvia sclarea L., Clinopodium menthifolium Host. Pored toga, ispitano je delovanje vodenih ekstrakata na korovske i ratarsko-povrtarske biljke, insekte i mikroorganizme, kao i etarskih ulja na insekte. Potvrđeno je da ispitivane vrste imaju insekticidno dejstvoi da nemaju uticaj na rast korisnih mikroorganizama prisutnih u zemljištu.The chemical composition of essential oils and aqueous extracts of three types of self-seeding plants of the Lamiaceae family are examined. Apart from the composition, the effects of aqueous extracts on weed and vegetable plants, insects and microorganisms are examined. The effects of essential oils on insects are also examined. Insecticidal activity of examined plants is confirmed. It is also confirmed that the examined plants have no effect on the growth of useful microorganisms present in the soil

Influence of winter savory (Satureja montana) aqueous extract on mortality of lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica)

Losses of grain quality and quantity as a result of insect activity during storage impose the need for proper pest control. One of the major pests of stored wheat is the lesser grain borer (LGB), Rhyzopertha dominica. This pest is usually controlled with insecticides. However, there is recently a growing interest in the use of plant-based products in pest management. Plants are a rich source of active compounds and for centuries have been used for the control of harmful insects. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of Satureja montana aqueous extract on LGB adults in contact and contact-digestive tests. The mortality of LGB adults during contact exposure to S. montana extract was low, regardless of the concentration (16.7-33.3% after 24 h and 30.0-33.3% after 48 h). After 24 h of contact-digestive exposure, the highest mortality was caused by 2% S. montana extract (23.3%), while after 48 h the level of mortality increased in all treatments with S. montana extract (0.5, 1, and 2%) and was 28.4, 28.4, and 41.7%, respectively. After 72 h of contact-digestive exposure, it ranged from 57.5 to 63.5%, while in the control it remained the same (2.7%). After 7 days of such exposure, it was 91.6-98.4%, depending on the concentration. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that S. montana aqueous extract caused mortality of LGB adults, the level of this mortality depending on concentration of the applied extract and duration of the experiment

Influence of Cannabis sativa L. on guaiacol peroxidase activity in Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

Agricultural research is increasingly focused on finding alternative, biological methods of pest control. It is known that many plant species have allelopathic properties and allelopathy may be one of the mechanisms of biological weed control in the future. Allelopathic substances responsible for biochemical interactions between plants are secondary metabolites of plants. Unlike many pesticides on natural bases present on the market, the number of preparations based on allelochemicals with herbicidal action is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of allelochemicals on weed plant species. Cannabis sativa L., as a type of confirmed allelopathic properties, has a significant impact on cultivated and weed plant species. Finding allelopathic substances that would have negative effect on A. artemisiifolia L. is very important due to its invasiveness. Changes in guaiacol peroxidase activity are one of the indicators of oxidative stress in plants produced by allelochemicals

Influence of the Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. on SOD activity in four different genotypes of soybean seedlings

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is a very common pest in Serbia, which affects root and lower stem in many plants, causing charcoal rot. Among other plants, soybean is also often affected by this pathogen and, like others, on the attack responds with oxidative burst. The aim of this work was to compare the sensitivity of four different genotypes of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): FAVORIT, ATLAS, SAVA and RUBIN on this pathogen. The activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide-dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1.) was compared between four soybean genotypes, after the attack of the fungus M. phaseolina. Soybean seeds were inoculated using the method of artificial inoculation on filter paper. After seven days, seedlings were collected for biochemical assays. It was measured 1 g of plant material fresh weight and homogenized with 10 ml 0.1 M K2HPO4, pH 7.0. After centrifugation, the supernatant was used for enzyme activity measurements. The SOD activity was measured spectrophotometrically, by monitoring the inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction at 560 nm, according to method by Mandal et al (2008)

Allelopathic effects and insecticidal activity of aqueous extracts of Satureja montana L.

Extensive use of synthetic insecticides, herbicides and other pesticides has negative effects on the environment and on human and animal health. Therefore, scientists are turning towards natural pesticides, such as active components of plant extracts. The effect of two concentrations (0.1 and 0.2 %) of a Satureja montana L. aqueous extract on the lipid peroxidation process, as well as on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), pyrogallol peroxidase (PPX) and catalase (CAT) in the leaves and roots of pepper and black nightshade seedlings were examined 24, 72 and 120 h after treatment. The results showed that the higher concentration of S. montana aqueous extract induced lipid peroxidation in black nightshade roots. Furthermore, significant increases of pyrogallol and guaiacol peroxidase were detected in black nightshade leaves treated with 0.2 % of the S. montana aqueous extract. The second aim was to evaluate effectiveness of the aqueous extract as a contact toxicant against whitefly. It was observed that the 0.2% aqueous extract exhibited a toxic effect with 68.33 % mortality after 96 h

Antioxidant potential and polyphenolic content of three medicinal wild-growing species from Kopaonik mountain

Wild-growing plants are good potential sources of natural substances useful for preventing diseases related to oxidative stress. Th e food industry is becoming increasingly interested in plants, because of their anti-infl ammatory properties and antioxidant activities. In the present investigation, we described the antioxidant potential of acetone extracts of three aromatic species grown on Kopaonik mountain, Ajuga pyramidalis L., Th ymus praecox Opiz and Vaccinium myrtillus L. by two methods: 2,2-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and their correlations with total phenolics, tannins, fl avonoids and proanthocyanidins contents. Th e total phenolic and tannins content was determined according to the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Th e total fl avonoids were estimated according to the method described by Markham (1989) and proanthocyanidins according to Sun et al. (1998). For ABTS assay, the procedure followed the method of Re et al. (1999) with some modifi cations. Th e DPPH assay was done according to the method of Lee et al. (1998). T. praecox extract had the almost twice higher phenolics and tannins content compared to V. myrtillus, which had twice higher total phenolics and tannins content than A. pyramidalis. On the other hand, A. pyramidalis had the highest amount of proanthocyanidins, while the content of total fl avonoids was the highest in V. myrtillus. Th e highest scavenging activity showed T. praecox extract (DPPH: 69,67±0,46 mg trolox/gdw; ABTS: 178,11±0,96 mg trolox/gdw), and the lowest activity showed A. pyramidalis extract. Antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with total phenolics, tannins and flavonoids content. From the obtained results it can be concluded that T. praecox extract had the greatest antioxidant potential.7th Balkan Botanical Congress, Novi Sad, 10-14 09. 2018

Influence of winter savory (Satureja montana L.) aqueous extract on antioxidant properties of Jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.)

Due to an increase in the number of herbicide-resistant weeds and environmental concerns about the use of synthetic herbicides, a great effort is being made in designing alternative weed management strategies. The present study was carried out in order to examine the impact of winter savory (Satureja montana) aqueous extract in natural weed management. We evaluated the effect of two concentrations (0.1 and 0.2%) of S. montana aqueous extract on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the lipid peroxidation process in Jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seedlings. Our results showed that S. montana aqueous extract induced lipid peroxidation in roots of Jimson weed seedlings 72 hours after the treatment

Ground beetles as bioregulators of harmful insect populations on arable land

Ground beetles are the typical polyphagous predators, very important for the maintenance of agroecosystems and other ecosystems, therefore often the subject of research. The aim of this study is to determine the adults of the family of ground beetles. Moreover, the dominance and degree of faunal similarity of ground beetles were observed. During research in the fields of wheat, maize and sugar beet on the territory of Vojvodina on de fields of Bečej and Rimski Šančevi, using the method of "Barber traps" a total of 1,519 individuals of the ground beetles family were collected. The dominant species in the three above-mentioned crops and at all three sites were predators in the genera of Pterostichus spp., Harpalus spp. and Anchomenus spp. Furthermore, based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the composition of ground beetles is dependent on the ruling biotic and abiotic factors, and the combination of these factors creates a specific micro climate conditions, thus the characteristic fauna

Changes in polyphenols content in soybean (Glycine max L.) and thornapple (Datura stramonium L.) after treatment with the herbicides and Delfan Plus

Korovi predstavljaju veliki problem u proizvodnji soje i limitirajući su faktor za visoke i stabilne prinose. Poslednjih godina se smanjuje broj registrovanih herbicida u soji zbog ekotoksikoloških i ekonomskih razloga, pošto se smanjuju površine pod sojom koja nije genetski modifikovana. Najčešća kombinacija herbicida za suzbijanje korova u soji posle nicanja useva i korova je Pulsar 40 i Harmony 75WG. Međutim, ukoliko se herbicidi primenjuju pri višim temperaturama mogu da dovedu do stresa kod soje, prolazne fitotoksičnosti i smanjenja prinosa. Delfan Plus je biostimulator sa visokim sadržajem aminokiselina koji može da se koristi u kombinaciji sa herbicidima. Nakon primene Delfana Plus tretirane biljke lakše sintetišu neophodne proteine koji će omogućiti brže prevazilaženje stresa. Preporučuje se preventivna i kurativna primena pri različitim stresnim uslovima kao što su: visoke i niske temperature, oštećenje od leda, primena herbicida itd. Cilj rada je da se ispita da li dolazi do promene sadržaja fenolnih jedinjenja (ukupnih fenola, tanina, flavonoida i proantocijanidina), i fitotoksičnosti kod soje, i u korovu u usevu soje – tatuli, između tretiranih biljaka sa herbicidima u kombinaciji sa i bez Delfan Plus, tj. da li Delfan Plus smanjuje stres kod biljaka soje koje su tretirane herbicidima pri visokoj temperaturi. Određen je stepen fitotoksičnosti i prinos soje

Research of origin and work on clonal selection of Montenigrin grapevine varieties cv. vranac and cv. kratosija

Viticulture production and winemaking of Montenegro are mostly based on growing of autochthonous grapevine varieties. Besides Vranac variety, Kratosija variety takes a significant place in Montenegrin autochthonous grapevine varieties. According to many literature data, Kratosija is an autochthonous grapevine variety whose origin and cultivation started earlier than with Vranac variety. Because of its heterogeneity, it is not so much represented in Montenegrin vineyards and it is mostly found in combination with Vranac variety. The research results about the origin of Vranac variety are shown in this paper. Furthermore, genetic identification which approved originality of Vranac variety is shown and it has also been approved that autochthonous variety Kratosija has the same genetic profile as cv. Zinfandel. The paper presents multi-annual results of examination of variability of their populations and work on clonal selection. Mother vines were selected and vineyards of pre-base and base category of Vranac variety potential clones were planted. The results achieved, in view of manifesting agro-biological, economic and technological characteristics, point to the need for further work on clonal selecton of these grapevine varieties