69 research outputs found
POVEZANOST RAÄUNALNE ANALIZE SLIKE S JAÄINOM GLUTENA PÅ ENICE
The objective of this study was to determine bread slice medium part properties in relation to quality parameters with a focus on gluten strength. Since sensory evaluation of bread is time consuming, expensive and subjective in nature, computerized image analysis was applied as objective method of bread crumb quality evaluation. Gluten Index method was applied as fast and reliable tool for defining gluten strength of wheat. Significant (P90) Ana, Demetra, Klara, Srpanjka and Divana have shown trend to give unequal and bigger crumb grains while cultivars Golubica, Barbara, Žitarka, Kata and Sana with optimal gluten strength (GI= 60-90) have shown finer and uniform crumb grain.Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost parametara izgleda sredine kruha i kakvoÄe pÅ”enice, s naglaskom na jaÄinu glutena. BuduÄi da je senzorska procjena kruha vremenski zahtjevna, skupa i relativno subjektivna, u procjeni izgleda sredine kruha koriÅ”tena je raÄunalna analiza slike kao objektivna metoda. JaÄina glutena pÅ”enice odreÄena je brzom i pouzdanom gluten indeks metodom. StatistiÄki znaÄajna (p90), Anu, Demetru, Klaru, Srpanjku i Divanu, karakterizira neujednaÄena poroznost sredine kruha s velikim Å”upljinama, za razliku od kultivara Golubice, Barbare, Žitarke, Kate i Sane s optimalnom vrijednoÅ”Äu gluten indeksa (GI= 60-90), Äija je poroznost, s obzirom na manje Å”upljine, bila ujednaÄenija
ZNAÄAJ VISOKOMOLEKULARNIH PODJEDINICA GLUTENINA U PROCJENI KAKVOÄE PÅ ENICE
High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) composition was analyzed by sodium-dodecyl-sulfat-polyacrilamid-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), while the quantitative determination of total HMW-GS was obtained by reversed phase- high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Considering HMW-GS composition, the most frequent subunits at Glu-A1 locus were N, at Glu-B1 locus 7+9 and at Glu-D1 locus 2+12. The cultivars with the GS 5+10 at Glu-D1 locus have shown better technological characteristics in contrast to cultivars with the GS 2+12. The cultivars Žitarka, Srpanjka, Barbara, Klara and Golubica in spite of presence HMW-GS 2+12 have shown very good and good technological properties because they had optimal proportions (>10%) of total HMW-GS. The results of the linear correlation analysis between quality parameters and HMW-GS composition have shown significant (P10%) ukupnih HMW-GS. Rezultati linearne korelacije izmeÄu parametara kakvoÄe i sastava HMW-GS pokazali su znaÄajan (p<0,05) pozitivan utjecaj HMW-GS (Glu-1 bodovi) na sedimentacijsku vrijednost (r=0,55), gluten indeks (r=0,72), energiju tijesta (r=0,61), maksimalni otpor (r=0,64), te omjera otpora i rastezljivosti tijesta (r=0,58). U odnosu na sastav HMW-GS, njihovi udjeli pokazuju znaÄajniji utjecaj na udio proteina (r=0,82), vrijeme razvoja tijesta (r=0,70), stupanj omekÅ”anja (r=-0,90), energiju tijesta (r=0,74) i na volumen kruha (r=0,65)
Ī²-glucan content and Ī²-glucanase activity of winter and spring malting barley cultivars
Gene expression profiling of the dorsolateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex in schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a complex polygenic disorder of unknown etiology. Over 3,000 candidate genes associated with schizophrenia have been reported, most of which being mentioned only once. Alterations in cognitive processing - working memory, metacognition and mentalization - represent a core feature of schizophrenia, which indicates the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Hence we compared the gene expression in postmortem tissue from the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, Brodmann's area 46), and the medial part of the orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC, Brodmann's area 11/12), in six patients with schizophrenia and six control brains. Although in the past decade several studies performed transcriptome profiling in schizophrenia, this is the first study to investigate both hemispheres, providing new knowledge about possible brain asymmetry at the level of gene expression and its relation to schizophrenia. We found that in the left hemisphere, twelve genes from the DLPFC and eight genes from the MOFC were differentially expressed in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls. In the right hemisphere there was only one gene differentially expressed in the MOFC. We reproduce the involvement of previously reported genes TARDBP and HNRNPC in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and report seven novel genes: SART1, KAT7, C1D, NPM1, EVI2A, XGY2, and TTTY15. As the differentially expressed genes only partially overlap with previous studies that analyzed other brain regions, our findings indicate the importance of considering prefrontal cortical regions, especially those in the left hemisphere, for obtaining disease-relevant insights
DETERMINATION OF WHEAT STORAGE PROTEINS BY RP-HPLC METHOD
Rezervne bjelanÄevine zrna pÅ”enice u znaÄajnoj mjeri utjeÄu na funkcionalna svojstva braÅ”na. Cilj istraživanja bio je kvalitativno i kvantitativno analizirati rezervne bjelanÄevine pÅ”enice primjenom visokotlaÄne tekuÄinske kromatografije obrnutih faza (RP-HPLC). U radu je ispitano 13 kultivara ozimih pÅ”enica uzgojenih na Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek. Albumini i globulini su, s prosjeÄnom vrijednoÅ”Äu od 19,03%, najmanje zastupljeni u ukupnim bjelanÄevinama zrna ispitivanih kultivara pÅ”enice. Analizom kromatograma albumina i globulina, utvrÄeno je da se profili ispitivanih kultivara razlikuju po broju podjedinica (19-22), s konstantnim vremenom zadržavanja od 7 do 15 min. Unutar glijadinske skupine bjelanÄevina, dominirali su hidrofobni - (8-10 podjedinica) i - glijadini (6-9 podjedinica), dok se broj podjedinica hidrofilnih 5- kretao od 1 do 3, a 1,2- od 3 do 6. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, - i - glijadini su dominantne komponente glijadinske skupine u odnosu na minorne 5- i 1,2- glijadine. Unutar gluteninske skupine bjelanÄevina, LMW podjedinice prisutne su s najveÄim brojem podjedinica (16-19), dok se broj podjedinica HMW glutenina kretao od 4 do 6, Å”to znaÄi da su LMW podjedinice dominirale unutar gluteninske skupine. ProsjeÄan udio glutena iznosio je 80,97 %. Glijadini su, s prosjeÄnom vrijednoÅ”Äu od 44,20%, u ukupnim bjelanÄevinama zrna dominantnija skupina u glutena, u odnosu na glutenine Äiji je prosjeÄni udio iznosio 36,77 %.The wheat storage proteins have the most important role in defining functional properties of flour. The aim of this study was to analyse the wheat storage proteins profiles and relative amount by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). 13 wheat cultivars grown at Agricultural Institute Osijek were investigated. As compared to the other wheat storage protein fractions the average proportion of albumins and globulins was the least (19.03%). The albumins and globulins chromatogram profiles were different regarding subunits number (19-22) with constant retention time from 7 to 15 minutes. Within gliadins group hidrophobic - (8-10 subunits) and - gliadins (6-9 subunits) were dominant, while the subunits number of hydrophilic gliadins varied from 1 to 3 for 5- and 3 to 6 for 1,2- gliadins. According to obtained results - and - gliadins were dominant components of gliadins group in relation to minor 5- and 1,2- gliadins. The LMW glutenins with 16 to 19 subunits were dominant proteins of glutenins group compared with the HMW glutenins whose subunits number varied from 4 to 6. The average proportion of gluten was 80.97%. Concerning gluten proteins, the gliadins were dominant group (44.20%) compared with the average glutenins proportion (36.77%)
THE INFLUENCE OF ALBUMINS AND GLOBULINS ON BREAD-MAKING QUALITY OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
BjelanÄevine pÅ”enice u znaÄajnoj mjeri utjeÄu na tehnoloÅ”ke karakteristike braÅ”na. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj albumina i globulina na pekarsku kakvoÄu pÅ”enice primjenom visokotlaÄne tekuÄinske kromatografije obrnutih faza (RP-HPLC).
U radu je ispitano 15 kultivara ozime pÅ”enice uzgojenih na Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek. Pekarska kakvoÄa ispitivanih kultivara definirana je odreÄivanjem indirektnih parametara kakvoÄe i reoloÅ”kih svojstava tijesta. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na znaÄajnu negativnu korelaciju izmeÄu albumina, globulina i sedimentacijske vrijednosti, indeksa glutena, stabilnosti, energije tijesta, otpora i omjera otpora i rastezljivosti.Wheat proteins mainly determine the technological properties of wheat flour. The aim of the study was to determine the relative quantity of albumins and globulins in wheat cultivars and their contribution to bread-making quality by Reversed Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC).
Investigations were carried out on 15 wheat cultivars growing at the Agriculture Institute Osijek. The bread-making quality of wheat cultivars was defined by indirect quality parameters and rheological properties of flour. The negative linear correlation was observed between albumins and globulins content of and sedimentation value, gluten index, dough stability, dough energy, resistance and resistance to extension ratio
Ī²-glucan content and Ī²-glucanase activity of winter and spring malting barley cultivars
Ī²-Glucan content and Ī²-glucanase activity of winter and spring barley cultivars grown under different environments were evaluated. There were significant differences in both Ī²-glucan content and Ī²-glucanase activity between analysed barleys. The results showed that, for all cultivars and locations, approximately 75% of Ī²-glucan present in grains was degraded after malting, and that marked differences existed among winter and spring type of cultivars in malt Ī²-glucan content. The correlation analysis of Ī²-glucan content and malt quality parameters showed that malt Ī²-glucan content was significantly positively correlated with viscosity and extract difference, and negatively with malt Ī²-glucanase activity and friability. Regarding malt Ī²-glucanase activity, significantly higher activity was found in spring cultivars in contrast to winter cultivars
UÄinkovitost u zadacima fine motorike i prostornih odnosa tijekom menstrualnog ciklusa
Various studies have shown fl uctuations in task performance during the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to see the effects of the menstrual cycle on performing fi ne motor and spatial tasks of different level of complexity in twenty students aged 18 to 21 years, with regular menstrual cycle (28 to 30 days).
The students performed OāConnor Finger Dexterity Test and mental rotation test during the menstrual, late follicular, and midluteal phase. Before the tests were performed, we administered Spielbergerās State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for each phase. After the tasks were completed, the subjects ranked their
diffi culty on Borgās scale.
The results showed the best performance in both tests in the midluteal phase (with sex hormones at their peak). The anxiety level and task diffi culty ranking were the highest in the menstrual phase, when the hormone levels were the lowest.RazliÄita su istraživanja pokazala promjene uÄinkovitosti tijekom menstrualnog ciklusa. U zadacima u kojima su uspjeÅ”nije žene, najveÄa uÄinkovitost dogaÄa se tijekom kasne folikularne ili srednje lutealne faze. U zadacima u kojima su pak uspjeÅ”niji muÅ”karci najveÄa je uÄinkovitost naÄena u menstrualnoj fazi. Na osnovi uporabe zadataka fi ne motorike i prostornih zadataka razliÄitih razina kompleksnosti, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj menstrualnog ciklusa na kognitivne funkcije.
U istraživanju je sudjelovalo dvadeset ispitanica, dobi od 18 do 21 godinu, s redovitim menstrualnim ciklusima (28 do 30 dana). Ispitanice su izvodile OāConnorov deksterimetar i zadatke mentalne rotacije tijekom menstrualne, kasne folikularne i srednje lutealne faze. Prije izvoÄenja zadataka, u svakoj fazi ciklusa primijenjen je Spielbergerov upitnik stanja anksioznosti. Nakon izvoÄenja zadataka, ispitanice su procjenjivale njihovu težinu na Borgovoj skali.
Rezultati su pokazali najbolju uÄinkovitost u oba zadatka u fazi visokih razina spolnih hormona (srednja lutealna faza). Stanje anksioznosti i procijenjene težine zadataka bili su najviÅ”i u menstrualnoj fazi, kada su razine spolnih hormona najniže
Broiler chicken response to xylanase and fermentable xylooligosaccharide supplementation
A study was conducted to determine the
effect of dietary fiber (DF), xylanase (XYL), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), and a combination of XYL and
xylooligosaccharides (STBIO) on chicken growth performance, N-corrected apparent metabolizable energy
(AMEn), and nutrient availability, characteristics of
the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and cecal content of
short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). A 35-day experiment
was performed on 1,920 as hatched Ross 308 broiler
chicks, reared in 96 pens and fed ad libitum. Experimental diets were split into 2 phases: starter (0ā21 d) and
finisher (22ā35 d). There were 2 basal diets, first contained 54% maize and in the second, 5% of the maize
was replaced by wheat bran as DF. The diets were split
into 4 batches: one of them was used as a control, and
each of the others were supplemented either with XYL
or XOS or with the STBIO. Each diet was fed to 12 pens
following randomization. The data were analyzed in
GenStat (20th edition) by ANOVA using a 2 Ā£ 4 factorial design. The addition of STBIO improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) and increased weight gain (WG)
from 21 to 35 d and from 0 to 35 d (P < 0.05). The inclusion of DF had a negative effect on N and fat retention
coefficients at 35 d as well as AMEn and dry matter
retention at 21 and 35 d. At 21 d, neutral detergent fiber
(NDF) retention was increased when xylanase and
STBIO were added to the diet (P < 0.001) and at d
35 the highest retention was noted when the diet was
supplemented with DF and XYL or STBIO
(P = 0.001). There was no dietary effect on jejunum
histomorphometry (P > 0.05). The addition of DF
increased the concentration of cecal SCFA in particular valeric and propionic acid at 35-day-old birds (P
< 0.05). It can be concluded that addition of STBIO
in diet could provide benefits in terms of fiber degradation, WG, and feed efficiency
Dijete je gradu festival
Understanding the intra- and extracellular proteins involved in the development of the corticospinal tract (CST) may offer insights into how the pathway could be regenerated following traumatic spinal cord injury. Currently, however, little is known about the proteome of the developing corticospinal system. The present study, therefore, has used quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics to detail the protein profile of the rat CST during its formation in the spinal cord. This analysis identified increased expression of 65 proteins during the early ingrowth of corticospinal axons into the spinal cord, and 36 proteins at the period of heightened CST growth. A majority of these proteins were involved in cellular assembly and organization, with annotations being most highly associated with cytoskeletal organization, microtubule dynamics, neurite outgrowth, and the formation, polymerization and quantity of microtubules. In addition, 22 proteins were more highly expressed within the developing CST in comparison to other developing white matter tracts of the spinal cord of age-matched animals. Of these differentially expressed proteins, only one, stathmin 1 (a protein known to be involved in microtubule dynamics), was both highly enriched in the developing CST and relatively sparse in other developing descending and ascending spinal tracts. Immunohistochemical analyses of the developing rat spinal cord and fetal human brain stem confirmed the enriched pattern of stathmin expression along the developing CST, and in vitro growth assays of rat corticospinal neurons showed a reduced length of neurite processes in response to pharmacological perturbation of stathmin activity. Combined, these findings suggest that stathmin activity may modulate axonal growth during development of the corticospinal projection, and reinforces the notion that microtubule dynamics could play an important role in the generation and regeneration of the CST
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