Irrigationconditions (soil water balance) in highland and mountainous areas Section 1 . Agroecology and Ecological Agriculture Irrigationconditions (soil water balance) in highland and mountainous areas

Abstract Estimation of rational irrigation regime is basic problem in irrigation systems planning. Different calculation methods for actual and potential evapotranspiration are used for those purpose. All of them are based on climatic factors. This paper evaluates the soil water balance in the region of Fruška gora during a number of seasons. There is an example for water balance calculation of vertical parameters of over unsaturated zone at the meteorological stations (MS) Gladnoš and Sremska Mitrovica area

Arsenic levels in groundwater aquifer of the Neoplanta source area

As part of a survey on the groundwater aquifer at the Neoplanta source site, standard laboratory analysis of water quality and an electromagnetic geophysical method were used for long-term quantitative and qualitative monitoring of arsenic levels. This study presents only the results of research conducted in the Neoplanta-Koteksprodukt zone for 2005 and 2008 for the purpose of comparison of water quality at the aquifer. Varying levels of arsenic in both industrial and sanitary waters were determined, indicating water pollution with arsenic compounds. The horizontal electromagnetic prospecting method was used to define the extent of the arsenic-polluted zone and pollution direction. Vertical prospecting in the polluted zone helped identify the depth and interval of arsenic infiltration into both soil and water.Key words: Water source area, arsenic content, electromagnetic method, RADIJAN 2001

Quantitative traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 'Novosadska rana 5') grown on pseudogley soil depending on lime rates

The effect of the use of different lime rates on the pH values and subsequently on the quantitative traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 'Novosadska rana 5') was investigated on the pseudogley type of soil. Of the quantitative traits in wheat, spike length, number of spikes per m2, grain mass per spike, number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight, were studied as the most significant indicators of its yield. The studies were carried out during 2010 and 2011. The trial was set up following a randomized block design with four liming variants along with three replications, in which the experimental field was 70 m2 in area. In both study years, along with the previously determined experimental conditions, the variant of CaCO3, used with an amount of 2 t/ha, was found to have the highest effect on enhancing all the parameters of wheat. Based on the results obtained throughout the current research work, it could be inferred that, despite falling under a lower quality class, pseudogley soil could promote usable optimal biological potential of the wheat variety ('Novosadska rana 5'), if adequately treated with lime along with the application of cropping practices.Key words: Pseudogley, lime rates, wheat, grown

Foliar nutrition in apple production

In order to create conditions conducive to sustainable fruit production, involving optimum utilization of all sources of plant nutrients with minimum environmental pollution, it is necessary to reorient agricultural producers to use those types of fertilization that are environmentally safe and appropriate which can also satisfy all fruit tree nutrient requirements. This gives particular importance to foliar nutrition as this model poses the lowest risk of soil and groundwater contamination with undesirable mineral elements. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of research papers dealing with the effect of foliar feeding on development parameters in apple trees in an attempt to obtain a more thorough insight into the advantages and disadvantages of this fertilization type and facilitate the potential use of this practice for apple producers.Keywords: Malus x domestica, foliar fertilization, nutrient, leave

EFEKAT ZALIVNOG REŽIMA U ZATVORENOM PROSTORU NA INTENZITET POJAVE PLAMENJAČE KRASTAVCA

Experimental research was conducted in Gracanica in 2019, on a commercial farm in a greenhouse. The variant treated with the fungicide Previcur Energy had on average the lowest infection rate of 0.5%. In the variant treated with the preparation Antracol WP-70, at an irrigation norm of 15 mm, an intensity of infection of 1.5% was recorded, while with an irrigation norm of 20 mm, the degree of infection was higher than 2.5%. The variant treated with the fungicide Folio Gold with a watering rate of 15 mm had an infection intensity of 1%, and with a watering rate of 20 mm a higher degree of infection was registered (2%). The variant with chemical protection with the fungicide Quadris was infected with an intensity of 1% on average.Publishe

HYDROCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY IN BANAT, SERBIA

In this paper, the potential impact of the waters of the Banat watercourses of Zlatica, Brzava and Kikindski kanal as potential sources for irrigation is assessed on the basis of monthly water samples from the measuring stations of Markovićevo, Vrbica and Novo Miloševo, for the vegetation period from the year 2007 to 2019. The aim of the research is to get hydrochemical assesment of irrigation water quality from the basic chemical aspect in order to examine the possibility of using these watercourses for irrigation purposes. Most of the samples according to different quality parameters belong to the class of water that is of suitable quality, which indicates the fact that the examined watercourses are good as sources for irrigation.Publishe

The impact of the long - term fertilisation with mineral fertilisers on the chemical properties of vertisol (central Serbia)

© 2019, ALÖKI Kft., Budapest, Hungary. The study is based on establishing soil acidity and fertility of Vertisols after the mineral fertilisers had continuously been applied from 1984 to 2016. The two phosphorus (35 and 70 kg P ha-1), the invariable nitrogen (120 kg N ha-1) and potassium (66.4 kg K ha-1) doses were used in Kragujevac location (central Serbia) for over 33 study years. The impact of fertilisation with mineral fertilisers on soil acidity, organic carbon content, the total N, P and K as well as on P, K forms balance and on some microelements (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) availability was studied at soil depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm. After 33 years, the highest changes were noticed in the surface layer (0-20 cm), with an increase in the acidity level and a decrease in organic carbon content and in the total N. Simultaneously, a higher P and K content and a higher Fe and Mn mobility were established in the same soil layer whereas mineral fertilisers had no significant effect on the changes in chemical properties at 20-40 cm deep soils

Korišćenje različitih tipova ekstrakata kao biostimulatora u organskoj poljoprivredi

This paper presents the results of the analysis of extracts obtained from: Thymus serpyllum L., Urtica dioica L., Equisetum arvense L. and Achillea millefolium L. Extracts were subjected to the following analyses: determination of total phenols, total flavonoids and anthocyanins, and refractometric determination of soluble solids. The results showed that the content of flavonoids was 0.4710 mg/ml in Urtica dioicа extract, 0.3950 mg/ml in Equisetum arvense extract, 0.2997 mg/ml in Thymus serpyllum extract and 0.1556 mg/ml in Achillea millefolium extract. The highest content of phenolic compounds was found in Thymus serpyllum extract (2.3583 mg/ml), followed by Equisetum arvense (2.2724 mg/ml) and Urtica dioicа extract (2.1374 mg/ml), and the lowest in Achillea millefolium (1.8061 mg/ml). The content of anthocyanins was highest in Urtica dioicа extract (3.966mg/l), followed by Thymus serpyllum (3.715mg/l) and Equisetum arvense (3.549mg/l) extracts, and lowest in Achillea millefolium extract (0.0835mg/l). The soluble solids content was highest in Urtica dioicа and Equisetum arvense (2 BRIX% at 20o C), followed by Thymus serpyllum (1.5 BRIX% at 20o C), and lowest in Achillea millefolium (1 BRIX% at 20o C). The results showed that extracts obtained by maceration contained bioactive components; this study, therefore, provides a basis for further and deeper research on the use of these extracts as potential biostimulators in organic agriculture.Ovaj rad prezentuje rezulate analize ekstrakata dobijenih od: Thymus serpyllum L., Urtica dioica L., Equisetum arvense L. i Achillea millefolium L. Na ekstraktima su rađene sledeće analize: određivanje ukupnih fenola, flavonoida i antocijana, kao i refraktometrijsko određivanje rastvorljivih materija. Rezultati su pokazali da je koncentracija flavonoida bila 0.4710 mg/ml in ekstraktu Urtica dioicа, 0.3950 mg/ml u ekstraktu Equisetum arvense, 0.2997 mg/ml in ekstraktu Thymus serpyllum i 0.1556 mg/ml u ekstraktu Achillea millefolium. Najveći sadržaj fenolnih komponenti je pronađen u ekstraktu Thymus serpyllum (2.3583 mg/ml), zatim u ekstraktima Equisetum arvense (2.2724 mg/ml) i Urtica dioicа (2.1374 mg/ml), a najniži u Achillea millefolium (1.8061 mg/ml). Najveći sadržaj antocijana je pranađen u ekstraktu Urtica dioicа (3.966mg/l), zatim u ekstraktima Thymus serpyllum (3.715mg/l) i Equisetum arvense (3.549mg/l), a najniži u ekstarktu Achillea millefolium (0.0835mg/l). Najveći sadržaj rastvorljivih materija je zabeležen u Urtica dioicа i Equisetum arvense (2 BRIX% na 20o C), zatim u Thymus serpyllum (1.5 BRIX% na 20o C), a najniži kod Achillea millefolium (1 BRIX% na 20o C). Rezultati su pokazali da ektsrakti dobijeni maceracijom sadže bioaktivne komponente, tako da ovaj rad pruža osnovu za dalje i dublje istraživanje upotrebe ovih ekstrakata kao potencijalnih biostimulatora u organskoj poljoprivredi

Analysis of the Profitability of the Restitution of Fire-Affected Beech Forests in Serbia

The number of forest fires in Serbia caused by climate change has been continuously growing in recent decades, thus making the rehabilitation of the burned area increasingly important. In the period from 2003 to 2015, the total burned area (42.2%) was in beech forests. Cost-Benefit Analysis (the dynamic and the static approaches) was used as an approach to estimating the effects that restitution of beech forests can have on the environment, with the aim of finding the best solutions and making the best decisions about the desirability of the project. The dynamic approach (the analysis of tangible benefits and costs) led us to the conclusion that the investment in the restitution of beech forests destroyed by fires could be profitable only if it was based on wood production. Wood production may, depending on the site class, bear slightly higher interest rates (to better site classes) compared to previous estimates which ranged mainly around 3%. At lower discount rates (on poor quality sites), it takes more time to reach the break-even point, while the period of time needed to reach the break-even point shortens with higher discount rates. According to the static approach (the analysis of intangible benefits and costs) the benefits outweigh the costs, which makes the restitution of beech forests destroyed by fires acceptable

An analysis of the profitability of the restitution of sessile oak forests affected by wildfires in Serbia

Wildfires caused by climate change in Europe have numerous and long-lasting ecological, economic, and social implications for sustainable development (natural environment, economy, and society as a whole). Artificial revitalization of sessile oak forests destroyed by wildfires in Serbia is feasible, but it is quite expensive compared to the spontaneous regeneration. Cost-benefit analysis (an economic approach to comparing and estimating the benefits and shortcomings of a particular business plan, i.e., an investment project by analyzing its costs and benefits) is aimed at finding the best solutions and making the best decisions about the desirability of a project. It was concluded that the investment in the restitution of sessile oak forests could be profitable only if it was based on wood production. Wood production may bear slightly higher interest rates compared to previous estimates which ranged mainly around 3%. This primarily applies to better site classes, while poor quality sites require lower rates. At lower discount rates, it takes more time to reach the break-even point, while the period of time needed to reach the break-even point shortens with higher discount rates. The length of the production cycle plays an important role in determining the investment profitability, especially regarding the relationship between the length of the production cycle and production targets (the type and the quality of wood assortments produced). According to the results of the analysis of intangible benefits and costs, the costs outweigh the benefits, which makes the restitution of sessile oak forests destroyed by fires unacceptable