Yield and Quality Traits of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Genotypes in Response to the Different Sowing Dates

Black cumin has been used in many countries for the treatment of diseases such as cancer and diabetes, and for thousands of years as a spice, flavoring in products such as bread, and as a food preservative in pickles. Too much delay in the sowing of black cumin has a negative effect on plant growth. In order to determine the most suitable sowing dates for different black cumin genotypes, an experiment was conducted in the open-field conditions of the Eastern Mediterranean region of Türkiye at Çukurova University, for two years, in 2020 and 2021, in three different sowing dates (October 15th, November 01st, and November 15th) with three different black cumin genotypes (Çameli cultivar (G1), Adana population (G2) and Iraq population (G3)). The findings of this research demonstrated significant differences in the agronomic characteristics and overall quality of black cumin. The main components were p-cymene (51.45%-66.33%), trans-4-Methoxythujane (8.40%-11.90%), thymoquinone (0.11%-19.26%), γ-Terpinene (1.28%-9.09%), and limonene (2.93%-4.50%). The main fatty acids were determined as linoleic acid (53.97%-57.56%), oleic acid (20.98-26.40), and palmitic acid (13.73%-15.02%). Consequently, the low number of flowers and the high temperatures observed in May, along with the early spring frosts, negatively affected the fertilization of the flowers. The seed yield was adversely affected because some of the seeds could not mature

Effects of Different Sowing Times on The Yield and Agronomic Characters of Isatis tinctoria and Isatis buschiana in Kahramanmaras Conditions

Bu çalışma, 2007H2008 ve 2008H2009 yetiştirme sezonunda Kahramanmaraş ekolojik koşullarında, farklı ekim zamanlarının (Ekim, Kasım, Şubat ve Mart) iki Isatis (Isatis tinctoria ve Isatis buschiana) türünün verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada Isatis türlerinin Kahramanmaraş iklim şartlarına en uygunekim zamanının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İki yıllık sonuçlara göre, neredeyse incelenen bütün özelliklerde ekim zamanları arasındaki farklılık istatistiki olarak önemli çıkmıştır. Tohum verimi açısından optimum ekim zamanının I. tinctoria ve I. buschiana’nın her ikisi için de sonbahar ekimleri olduğu saptanmıştır. En yüksek meyve verimi, I. tinctoria’da 2008 yılında Ekim ayı ekiminde 393.2 g/m2, I. buschiana’da 2009 yılında Mart ayı ekiminde 319.9 g/m2 elde edilmiştir.In this study, effects of different sowing times on the yields and qualities of two Isatis species (Isatis tinctoria and Isatis buschiana) were investigated under ecological conditions of Kahramanmaras during 2007-2008 and 2008- 2009 growing seasons. The experiment was designed according to the randomized complete blocks with three replications. The effects of different sowing times on Isatis species under climatic conditions of Kahramanmaras were aimed to determine. According to two-year results, the effects of sowing dates were statiscally significant in almost investigated all of the characters. Autumn sowings were optimum for seed yields in I. tinctoria and I. busctiiana. The highest fruit yields were 393.2 g/m2 in October 2008 and 319.9 g/m2 in March 2009 for I. tinctoria and I. busctiiana, respectively

Anatomy and essential oil composition of Salvia marashica A. İlçim, F. Celep & Doğan

Türkiye'ye endemik bir tür olan Salvia marashica'nın morfolojisi, anatomisi ve uçucu yağ bileşenleri incelenmiştir. Dikdörtgen gövde anatomisi, ekzodermal yapı, unifasiyal yapraklar, belirgin büyük bir iletim demetinin varlığı ve küçük yanal demetlerin olmadığı anatomik karakterler gözlenmiştir. Salvia marashica'nın hidrodistillenmesiyle elde edilen uçucu yağların kimyasal bileşimi GC ve GC-MS ile araştırılmıştır. Yetmiş bileşen, α-pinen (%27.01), β-Pinen (%5.72), Sabinen (%5.26), Limonen (%17.09), β-Karyofillen (15.08), Terpinen (2.04) ve 1,8 sineol (%7.87' si) Salvia marashica'nın esansiyel yağlarından elde edilmiştirThe morphology, anatomy and essential oil components of the aerial parts of Salvia marashica an endemic species in Turkey, were studied. Some anatomical characters such as rectangular stem anatomy, exodermal structure, unifasial leaves, one large obvious vascular bundle in the center, and anatomic characteristics without small lateral bundles were observed. The chemical composition of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of Salvia marashica was investigated by GC and GCMS. Seventy constituents, α-pinene (27.01%), β-Pinene (5.72%), Sabinene (5.26%), Limonene (17.09%), β-Caryophyllene (15.08), Terpinene (2.04) and 1, 8 cineole (7.87%) were obtained the essential oil extracted from the Salvia marashica