Total phenolic content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of Rumex crispus grown wild in Turkey

In the current study, we evaluated total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (by using beta-carotene bleaching assay), and antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of the aerial part of the Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae) naturally grown in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The aerial part of the plant had high total phenolic content (56.31 mu g/mg DW). The antioxidant activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of the aerial part of R. crispus L., BHA, and BHT were found to be 92.35%, 95.49%, 98.16%, and 96.66%, respectively. Although the antioxidant activity of the aqueous and methanol extracts of R. crispus was lower than that of the BHA and BHT, the difference between these was not statistically significant, p < 0.05. The methanol extract possessed strong antibacterial activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas corrugate, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia liquefaciens, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia frederiksenii, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Therefore, the aerial part of R. crispus can be used as an effective and safe source of antioxidants and antibacterial agent

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF PORTULACA OLERACEA L. GROWN WILD IN TURKEY

The in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanol extracts from leaves of wild purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) from Turkey were investigated. The plant extracts were screened for possible antioxidant activity by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and beta-carotene-linoleic acid assays. The MeOH extracts exhibited high levels of free radical scavenging activity (IC50=54.33 +/- 1.26 mu g/mL). The purslane leaves also showed high antioxidant activity (91.15%) compared to synthetic antioxidants BHA (98.16%) and BHT (96.66%). Although the antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts was lower than the BHA and BHT, the difference was not statistically significant, P<0.05. The amount of total phenolics was 17.88 mu gGAE/mg DW. Total lipids in purslane leaves were 5.83%. Linolenic acid was the dominant fatty acid (56.33%) followed by linoleic (14.01%), palmitic (9.72%), oleic (8.83%), myristic (5.04%) and stearic (4.36%) acids. The methanol extracts from the leaves showed antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Vibrio cholerae and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. None of the water extracts showed antibacterial activity against the microorganisms studied

The Effect of Different Cooking Methods and Addition of Different Sweeteners on the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Aronia Marmalade

The present study examined the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), and sensory properties of aronia marmalades prepared with different cooking methods (CM) (boiled (B) and pressure-boiled (PB)) by adding sugar (S) and stevia prebiotic fiber sweetener (SP). Ash, reducing sugar, sucrose, viscosity, L*, a*, b*, C*, and H° values, and total sugar content of aronia pulp and marmalades differed significantly by cooking method and sweetener type (ST). Hydroxymethylfurfural could not be detected in aronia pulp and marmalades. Concerning CM, TPC (total phenolic content) and TMA (total monomeric anthocyanin) values were found to be significantly higher in PB cooking than in the B cooking method. On the other hand, TFC (total flavanoid content) was statistically higher in boiled marmalades. According to CM, the DPPH antioxidant activity of marmalades was significantly higher in B marmalades. The TPC, TMA, TFC, and antioxidant properties of marmalades differed sigficantly by ST. The TPC of marmalades prepared with SP addition was higher than that of S-added marmalades and control. According to ST, whereas the antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) of S and SP-added marmalades were lower compared to the control, the antioxidant activities determined by DPPH and ABTS among S and SP-added marmalades were higher in SP-added marmalades. The panelists gave the highest scores to BSC (boiled S-added marmalade). Considering the overall acceptance scores, the second highest score was given to BST (boiled SP-added marmalade). In other words, in terms of sensory evaluation, boiled marmalades received higher overall acceptance scores, while PBST (PB SP-added marmalade) received the lowest scores. According to these results, astringency components decrease with cooking in an open vessel. Furthermore, it can be said that sugar masks this astringent taste

Some Physical and Chemical Properties, Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Profiles of Different Marmalades Traditionally Produced in Artvin, Turkey

Bu çalışmada, Artvin İli’nde yetişen kuşburnu (Rosa canina L.), kızılcık (Cornus mas L.), çakal eriği (Prunus spinosa) ve Ahlat armudu (Pyrus elaeagrifolia) meyvelerinden geleneksel olarak üretilen marmelatların toplam ve suda çözünür kuru madde, titrasyon asitliği, glikoz, früktoz, sakaroz, toplam şeker ve hidroksimetilfurfural (5-HMF) miktarları, pH, renk ve su aktivitesi değerleri ile antioksidan aktivite ve fenolik bileşen kompozisyonları belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, tüm marmelat örneklerinin toplam ve suda çözünür kurumadde içeriklerinin %55, su aktivitesi değerlerinin 0.79, toplam şeker içeriklerinin 47 g/100g’ın üzerinde olduğu; HMF içeriklerinin ise 10.95 ile 1094.11 mg/kg arasında değişim gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Örnekler farklı oranlarda gallik asit, kateşin, epikateşin, vanillin, klorojenik asit, kafeik asit, kumarik asit, p-kumarik asit, hesperidin, rutin, elajik asit ve kuersetin içermektedir. Marmelat örneklerinin fenolik madde içeriklerinin 64.67-205.75 µg GAE/g arasında değiştiği; kızılcık marmelatının en yüksek DPPH radikal giderme aktivitesi (%3.720.09) gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Çeşitli fenolik maddeleri yüksek miktarlarda içermeleri ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin yüksek olması nedeniyle kuşburnu, çakal eriği, kızılcık ve Ahlat armudu marmelatlarının insan sağlığı açısından önemli oldukları ve çeşitli fonksiyonel ürünlerin geliştirilmesinde kullanılabilecekleri düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca, çakal eriği ve Ahlat armudu marmelatlarında belirlenen yüksek HMF miktarının ürünlerin geleneksel üretimi sırasında yüksek sıcaklıkta uzun süre kaynatma işlemine maruz kalmaları nedeniyle oluştuğu düşünülmekte olup, halkımızın bu konuda bilinçlendirilmesinin faydalı olacağı anlaşılmaktadır.In this study, some physiochemical properties (color, pH, total and soluble solid, titratable acidity, glucose, fructose and total sugar content, water activity, hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) as well as antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of traditionally produced rosehip (Rosa canina L.), cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.), blackthorn (Pyrus elaeagrifolia) and Ahlat pear (Pyrus elaeagrifolia) marmalades were determined. In research, the following data were determined that all marmalade samples' total and water soluble dry matter contents were over 55%; water activity and total sugar contents were over 0.79 and 47 g/100g and HMF contents were found between 10.95 and 1094.11 mg/kg. All samples contained gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, vanillin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, hesperidin, routine, ellagic acid and quercetin in different ratios. Phenolic substance values of marmalade samples were between 64.67-205.75 µg GAE/g. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity belonged to the cornelian cherry marmalade (%3.720.09). Because of the high phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of rosehip, blackthorn, cornelian cherry and Ahlat pear marmalades besides their significant health benefits may be used for developing functional foods. High HMF contents in blackthorn and Ahlat pear marmalades could be due to long processing time and boiling process at high temperature during conventional production, and consumers should be aware of this problem

Total phenolics, mineral contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. roots grown wild in Turkey

The total phenolic content, macro and micro elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu), antioxidant and antibacterial activities of roots of wild grown Glycyrrhiza glabra are reported. The amount of total phenolics was 12.88 mu gGAF-/mg DW in Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. The average N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na and Cu composition in licorice roots was 2.80%, 175 mg/100 g, 1400 mg/100 g, 147 mg/100 g, 120 mg/100 g, 20 mg/100 g, 6 mg/100 g, 4.4 mg/100 g, 2.1 mg/100 g and 0.1 mg/100 g, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity of root extract was 88.7% at a concentration of 800 mu g/mL. The methanol extracts of the roots showed antibacterial activities against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilus and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, but none of the water extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots showed any antibacterial activity against the these microorganisms

Preliminary characterisation of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) genotypes for their physico-chemical properties

Fruit weight, antioxidant capacity. total anthocyanins, total phenolics. ascorbic acid, soluble solid content (SSC), reducing sugar and acidity of a number of selected cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) genotypes of varied pigmentation were investigated. Two methods, namely beta-carotene bleaching and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used to determine total antioxidant capacity, while Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was used to determine total phenols. Fruit weight, SSC and ascorbic acid content of genotypes were 2.09-9.17: 12.53-21.17% and 29-112 mg/100 g, respectively. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content varied among genotypes and 44-18 genotype had the highest antioxidant capacity using both methods. This genotype also had the highest total phenolic (74.8 mg GAE/g DW) and total anthocyanin (115 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents /100 g FW) content. There are linear relationships between antioxidant capacities and total phenols. The present study demonstrates the potential of certain cornelian cherry genotypes, notably 44-18, for improvement of nutritional value through germplasm enhancement programmes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF HAWTHORN (Crataegus spp. L.) FRUITS IN TURKEY

Hawthorn (Crataegus spp. L.) is a native fruit of great economic importance in Turkey and has been widely using in folk medicine particularly for the treatment of mild heart diseases for a long time. In the study, 18 previously selected hawthorn genotypes belong to several Crataegus species grown in the hawthorn repository collection in Malatya province in Turkey were evaluated. Fruit mass and soluble solid content of selected genotypes ranged from 0.76 to 4.27 g and 6.71 to 15.83%, respectively. The genotype 44MA12 belongs to C. monogyna subsp. azarella had distinct and the highest anthocyanin (516 mg per 100 g fresh fruit) content and the strongest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (2.91 mu g.g(-1)). The genotype 44MA11 belongs to C. meyeri had the highest phenolic content (3460 mg per 100 g gallic acid equivalent in fresh fruits). All hawthorn genotypes displayed high antioxidant activity. The results suggest that hawthorn fruits including significant human health benefit substances and may be used for developing functional foods because of its high phenolic, anthocyanin content and antioxidant properties