Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of Naringin on cardiac damage induced by cisplatin

459-465Cisplatin (CP), an anticarcinogenic agent, is declared to have side effects including cardiotoxicity. Naringin (NA), a flavonoid, was shown to have strong antioxidant structure and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Pupose of our study was to investigate the protective effects of NA on Caisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity. Sprague-Dawley male rats in the range of 220-250 g were exerted in this experimental studies. The rats used in experiment separated to 5 groups (10 in each one): Control, CP, NA100+CP, NA200+CP and NA200. The groups received drugs for 14 days. The rats were decapitated on 15th day. Cardiac tissue and blood samples was taken. When the cardiac tissue was assessed for oxidative stress, a prominent increase was found in CP group than other groups (p<0.05). It was assigned that serum CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST and ALT activities and levels of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6) in the cardiac tissue, a significant increase was found in CP group than control group (p<0.05). In both control and NA200+CP groups, similar values obtained for comparative values. Caspase 3 and iNOS activity were significantly raised for CP group, compared to NA100+CP and NA200+CP, control groups. NA has a protective effect on CP-induced heart injury. It has been determined that NA prevents CP-induced apoptosis in the heart

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of Naringin on cardiac damage induced by cisplatin

Cisplatin (CP), an anticarcinogenic agent, is declared to have side effects including cardiotoxicity. Naringin (NA), a flavonoid, was shown to have strong antioxidant structure and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Pupose of our study was to investigate the protective effects of NA on Caisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity. Sprague-Dawley male rats in the range of 220-250 g were exerted in this experimental studies. The rats used in experiment separated to 5 groups (10 in each one): Control, CP, NA100+CP, NA200+CP and NA200. The groups received drugs for 14 days. The rats were decapitated on 15th day. Cardiac tissue and blood samples was taken. When the cardiac tissue was assessed for oxidative stress, a prominent increase was found in CP group than other groups (p&lt;0.05). It was assigned that serum CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST and ALT activities and levels of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6) in the cardiac tissue, a significant increase was found in CP group than control group (p&lt;0.05). In both control and NA200+CP groups, similar values obtained for comparative values. Caspase 3 and iNOS activity were significantly raised for CP group, compared to NA100+CP and NA200+CP, control groups. NA has a protective effect on CP-induced heart injury. It has been determined that NA prevents CP-induced apoptosis in the heart

Ratlarda Siklofosfamid ile İndüklenen Hepatotoksisite Üzerine Kuersetinin Etkileri

Objective: Cyclophosphamide (CYP) causes toxicity in many organs, as liver and lung. Several studies have shown that some antioxidants have protective effects against CYP’ side effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of quercetin-Q on CYP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats using histological and biochemical methods. Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 5 groups. Control group was given corn oil intragastrically for 7 days. CYP group was given intragastric corn oil for 7 days and CYP (200 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on the 7th day. For 7 days, Q50+CYP and Q100+CYP groups were given quercetin and single dose CYP (200 mg/kg) was administered on the 7th day. Q100 group was given quercetin 100 mg/kg dose per day. On the 8th day, blood samples and liver tissues were taken for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Results: When MDA level was compared with the control group, it was higher in the CYP group and decreased with the administration of quercetin. SOD and GSH levels were lower in the CYP group compared to the other groups. Histological analysis revealed that sinusoidal dilatation and mononuclear cell infiltration were observed in the CYP group, and these degenerative changes were reduced by quercetin administration. In the TUNEL method, a large number of TUNEL positive hepatocytes were detected in the CYP group. Bcl-2 immunopositivities were lower in the CYP group, while Bax and Caspase-3 immunopositivities were higher in the CYP group than other groups. Conclusion: Our results show that quercetin has protective effect on cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity

Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) and their Effects on the Cardiovascular System

Thyroid hormones (thyroxine, triiodothyronine) have a metabolic effect on many tissues and systems in the organism. Therefore, in case of deficiency or excess of these hormones, some problems arise. The decrease in the effect of these hormones in the peripheral target tissue is called hypothyroidism, the picture characterized by excessive secretion of the thyroid gland or being of non-thyroid origin is called hyperthyroidism. Thyroid hormone disorders are common in the world. Knowing the functions of thyroid hormones, which have such important effects on the organism, is important in developing treatment options for the problems to be encountered. In the literature reviews, it has been stated that thyroid hormones have some effects such as heart rate, myocyte contraction, blood pressure, plasma lipid level, and thrombogenesis. In line with this information, the presented section has tried to explain how the mechanism of the effects of thyroid hormones on the cardiovascular system

Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Various Disease Processes: An Overview

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a physiological system that plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and body water-electrolyte balance, in which the kidney, liver and lungs play a role in its activation. This system comes into play in various diseases such as the cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary and nervous system where blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte balance may change. The purpose of this study, which is presented in line with this information, is to explain the working principle of this system, how this system is activated, how it comes into play in the mentioned diseases, and what kind of results occur

An Overview of Effects on Reproductive Physiology of Melatonin

Melatonin is a neurotransmitter released from the pineal gland. The presence of receptor sites in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, and testicles and secretion of pituitary hormones (FSH and LH) are some of the effects of this hormone on reproduction. In addition to its systemic effect, it also showed an effect on ovarian physiology with the detection of high levels in the follicular fluid and the presence of melatonin receptors in the ovarian cells. In addition, it has been determined that melatonin affects follicular growth, oocyte maturation, ovulation, and luteal function. It has been stated that the effects of melatonin on the male reproductive system are indirectly effective through the gonads and indirectly by affecting the hormones. Again, some studies have expressed that melatonin has strong antioxidant properties and affects reproductive physiology due to this effect. This section discusses the effect of melatonin on male and female reproductive physiology

Leptin and Its Role in Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis: An Overview

Adipose tissue (AT) in the body plays a very important role in the regulation of energy metabolism. AT regulates energy metabolism by secreting adipokines. Some of the adipokines released are vaspin, resistin, adiponectin, visfatin and omentin, and leptin. In addition to regulating energy metabolism, leptin plays a role in the regulation of many physiological functions of the body such as regulation of blood pressure, inflammation, nutrition, appetite, insulin and glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, coagulation, and apoptosis. Among all these physiological functions, the relationship between leptin, oxidative stress, and apoptosis has gained great importance recently due to its therapeutic effect in various types of cancer. For this reason, in this study, the release of leptin, its cellular effects and its effect on oxidative stress, and apoptosis are discussed in line with current information

Can Polyphenols be Used as Anti-Inflammatory Agents against Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2)-Induced Inflammation?

Covid-19 is the causative agent of a beta coronavirus that causes severe inflammatory pneumonia, so excessive inflammation is considered a risk factor for the disease. In Covid-19 disease, an inflammatory response develops in the body. It has been reported as a result of various studies that this response causes damage to various organs and tissues, especially the lungs. According to reports, cytokine storms are largely responsible for death in such patients. Some of the consequences of severe inflammation and cytokine storms include acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury, and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. Many studies are showing that there may be various agents to prevent or treat these effects of Covid-19 disease. Some of these agents are phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are the most abundant substances in vegetables and fruits. Inflammasomes, their function. It has been stated that phenolic compounds inhibit inflammation by inhibiting cytosolic multiprotein complexes that assemble in response to cytosolic pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to form active forms of IL-1β and IL-18. It suggested that Apigenin, Resveratrol, Morin, and Silymarin an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-viral, and anti-microbial compound could be a potential therapeutic agent for severe inflammation from Covid-19

Association of SNAP-25 gene Ddel and Mnll Polymorphisms with adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Objective The synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) gene is a presynaptic plasma membrane protein and an integral component of the vesicle docking and fusion machinery mediating secretion of neurotransmitters. Previously, several studies reported association between SNAP-25 and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated whether these SNAP-25 polymorphisms (MnlI T/G and DdelI T/C) were also associated with ADHD in the Turkish population. Methods: Our study comprised unrelated 139 subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and 73 controls and all were of Turkish origin. Genetic analyses were performed and patients were evaluated with Wender-Utah Rating Scale and Adult ADD/ADHD DSM IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale. Results: SNAP-25 DdelI polymorphism was not associated with ADHD but there was a statistically significant difference between ADHD patients and controls for SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism. For SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism patients with G/G genotype of the SNAP-25 gene MnlI polymorphism had higher Wender-Utah scores and higher scores in the 1st and 3rd parts of adult ADD/ADHD Scale. Conclusion: We detected a significant association of the MnlI polymorphism in our ADHD sample which was similar to previous findings. Our study also revealed that SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism was also associated with symptom severity of ADHD. This study is also, the first report on the association of SNAP-25 with ADHD in the Turkish population. © 2014 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association