A simplified multi-criteria evaluation model for landfill site ranking and selection based on AHP and GIS

This study used GIS based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach for evaluating the most environmentally suitable landfill sites in the study area. The weights of relative importance of the factors guiding landfill siting were estimated using pair-wise comparisons in AHP. The maps showing suitable landfill sites were generated applying a weighted linear combination (WLC) in GIS using a comparison matrix to aggregate different significant scenarios associated with environmental and economic objectives. To determine the appropriate areas where landfill sites can be located, thematic maps for all the criteria were generated using GIS. A final map was produced showing suitability for the location of the landfill sites. The suitable sites having an area equal to or above 4 ha at one place and 90% of which is barren land were considered suitable for landfill. The selected candidate sites were ranked to get the most desirable sites for landfill

Synthesis, Characterization, Solvatochromic Properties, and Antimicrobial-radical Scavenging Activities of New Diazo Dyes Derived from Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine

5-Amino-3-methyl-4-phenylazo-1H-pyrazole and ethyl cyanoacetate reacted in solvent-free media at 150°C to produce 7-amino-3-phenylazo-2-methyl-4H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-5-one (3). A series of aromatic amines was coupled using this compound (3) and nitrous acid to produce new pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine derivatives with two arylazo groups 4(a-m). The structures of these dyes were determined via UV–vis, Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution mass spectral data, and elemental analysis. After synthesis, the solvent and acid–base effects of the dyes were investigated within the UV–vis region. The antimicrobial properties of the dyes were also studied. All dyes exhibited activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and even against fungi. The results were compared to conventional reference results from the antibiotics ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole. Antioxidant potentials were analyzed using in vitro antioxidant models on the basis of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activities. Most of the compounds exhibited excellent antioxidant activities. In particular, compound 4b had a higher activity than Vitamin C. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

The evolution of the Cappadocia Geothermal Province, Anatolia (Turkey): geochemical and geochronological evidence (土耳其)卡帕多西亚地热区的演化:地球化学和地质年代学证据 Evolution de la province géothermale de Cappadoce, Anatolie (Turquie): Evidences géochimiques et géochronologiques Evolução da Província Geotérmica de Capadócia, Anatólia (Turquia): evidências geoquímicas e geocronológicas La evolución de la Cappadocia Geothermal Province, Anatolia (Turquía): pruebas geoquímicas y geocronológicas

Cappadocia Geothermal Province (CGP), central Turkey, consists of nine individual geothermal regions controlled by active regional fault systems. This paper examines the age dating of alteration minerals and the geochemistry (trace elements and isotopes) of the alteration minerals and geothermal waters, to assess the evolution of CGP in relation to regional tectonics. Ar–Ar age data of jarosite and alunite show that the host rocks were exposed to oxidizing conditions near the Earth’s surface at about 5.30 Ma. Based on the δO–δD relationhip, water samples had a high altitude meteoric origin. The δS values of jarosite and alunite indicate that water samples from the southern part of the study area reached the surface after circulation through volcanic rocks, while northern samples had traveled to the surface after interacting with evaporates at greater depths. REY (rare earth elements and yttrium) diagrams of alteration minerals (especially illite, jarosite and alunite) from rock samples, taken from the same locations as the water samples, display a similar REY pattern to water samples. This suggests that thermal fluids, which reached the surface along a fault zone and caused the mineral alteration in the past, had similar chemical composition to the current geothermal water. The geothermal conceptual model, which defines a volcanically heated reservoir and cap rocks, suggests there are no structural drawbacks to the use of the CGP geothermal system as a resource. However, fluid is insufficient to drive the geothermal system as a result of scanty supply of meteoric water due to evaporation significantly exceeding rainfall

Synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of 4-imino-3-arylazo-4H-pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazole-2-oles

4-Imino-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3] benzothiazole-2-one (3) was synthesized by the reaction of 2-aminobenzothiazole with ethyl cyanoacetate in solvent free conditions at 150°C. A series of pyrimido benzothiazole-based azo dyes 4( a-m) were obtained by the coupling of carbocyclic amine-based diazonium chloride with compound (3). The synthesized dyes were purified and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1 H NMR, and high-resolution mass spectral data. The solvatochromic behaviors of dyes in various solvents were examined. All the azo dyes exhibited pronounced in vitro antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. The results revealed that most of the compounds exhibited good levels of antibacterial activity. Compounds 4d and 4h showed excellent levels of antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 8.25 μg/mL. © Springer Science+Business Media 2014

Synthesis, Characterization and absorption properties of some novel heterocyclic tetrakisazo dyes

Objective: The aim of the work was to designed and synthesized novel heterocyclic tetrakisazo dyes.Methods: 2,2'[(4,4'-dihydrazonebiphenyl)]-bis(3-iminobuthyronitrile) (1) were synthesized by diazotization of benzidine using hydrochloric acid in water. Compounds (1) reacted with hydrazine hydrate to afford the corresponding 4,4'-bis [3-methyl-5-amino-1-H-pyrazol-4-ylazo]biphenyl (2). Seven novel hetaryltetrakisazobenzidine Derivatives 3(a-g) were achieved by diazotization of 4,4'-bis [3-methyl-5-amino-1-H-pyrazol-4-ylazo]biphenyl and coupling with various coupling components.Results: The obtained hetaryltetrakisazo dyes 3(a-g) were characterized based on FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques as well as elemental analysis. The solvatochromic behavior of these dyes in various solvents was examined. Acid-base effects on the visible absorption maxima of the dyes were also reported.Conclusion: Synthesis and characterization of seven of these nine novel compounds synthesized, which are hetaryltetrakisazo dyes 3(a-g). © 2014,International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences All Rights Reserved

A combined experimental and computational study of electrochemical and photophysical properties of new benzophenone derivatives functionalized with N-substituted-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine

New benzophenone derivatives with N-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole including different substituents were synthesized and characterized by using FTIR, NMR, UV/Visible, and fluorescence spectroscopies and cyclic voltammetry. The effect of –F, -Cl, –OCH3 and –NO2 substitutions at ortho-, meta-, para-positions on the photoluminescence properties of the molecules have been investigated. The results indicate that the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing moieties at the ortho-, meta-, and para-positions have an important effect on the photoluminescence properties of the molecules. The calculated the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are in the range of (−5.55) to (−5.65) eV and (−2.83) to (−3.02), respectively. The lower LUMO energy levels were observed for the molecules with –OCH3 substituents due to the donor strength of the substituent. Excited states and electrochemical properties of the molecules were also comprehensively and quantitatively studied by Density Functional Theory and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory calculations. Experimental trends were successfully revealed by calculated data. © 2019 Elsevier B.V

İZMİR-KARŞIYAKA ALTINTEPE VE ÇİLEKTEPE SEKTÖRLERİNİN JEOLOJİSİ, PETROGRAFİSİ VE DEĞERLİ METAL CEVHERLEŞMELERİ

Izmir-Karşıyaka Sancaklı köyü güneybatısındaki Altıntepe ve Çilektepe'de yapılan jeoloji, mineraloji ve cevher mikroskobu çalışmaları sonucunda inceleme alanında dasitik tüf ve lavlar ile Silisleşmiş dasitik lavlar, biyotit-hornblend dasit adı verilen asidik volkanik kayalar ile andezitik lav, tüf ve aglomeralar ve andezit daykları ayırtlanmıştır, incelemeler sahada iki farklı tip cevherleşme olduğunu göstermektedir. Birinci tip, Altıntepe (Arapdağ) sektöründe Silisleşmiş dasitik lavlar içinde tansiyon çatlakları içine yerleşmiş ve kuvars damarlarına bağlı olarak izlenen altın ve gümüş cevherleşmeleridir, ikinci tip ise Çilektepe (Çerkeskayası veya Pilavtepe) sektöründeki dasitik tüf içerisine dağınık olarak yerleşmiş ve hidrotermal alterasyonlara bağlı cevherleş- meleridir. Altın mineralizasyonları, çıkış kanalları silis jelleri tarafından tıkaçlanan dasitik tüfler içinde dissemine ve ağsal biçimde gelişmiştir. Volkanizmanın bölgesel verilerle ortaya konan yaşı Geç Oligosen ile Orta Miyosen arasındadır, içinde cevherleşme bulunmayan ve cevherleşmeden sonra oluştuğu düşünülen Biyotit-Hornblend Dasitlerde 14.7 ± 0.5 milyon yıllık yaş verisi dikkate alındığında cevherleşmelerin Orta Miyosen içinde oluştuğu görüşü ağırlık kazanmaktadır

Investigation of stochastic pairs trading strategies under different volatility regimes

Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the full text of this article is only available via subscription.We investigate several market-neutral trading strategies and find empirical evidence that market-neutral equity trading outperforms in 2008, the first full year of the global financial meltdown. In our experiments we use 14 distinct market-neutral trading strategies, using the combination of seven trading methods and two selection methods of pairs tradin

Nicotine reduces effectiveness of doxorubicin chemotherapy and promotes CD44+CD24- cancer stem cells in MCF-7 cell populations

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females and the second most common cause of cancer mortality after lung cancer. Cancer stem cells represent a novel approach to target cancer and reduce cancer recurrence and metastasis. Many patients with breast cancer continue to smoke after receiving their diagnosis. Nicotine is a key factor in tobacco addiction and also changes some cellular functions, such as activation of mitogenic pathways, angiogenesis and cell proliferation. In the present study, the impact of nicotine was assessed in a population of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cluster of differentiation (CD)44+CD24- cancer stem cell population of MCF-7 cells were evaluated using flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy. Chemoresistance effects of nicotine were demonstrated in these cells. These findings demonstrated harmful effects of nicotine following metastasis of cancer, owing to the chemoresistance produced through uninterrupted smoking, which may impact the effectiveness of treatment. © 2018, Spandidos Publications. All rights reserved.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management UnitThe present study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University (project no. 25945)