Çocuklarda beslenme ve kurşun etkileşimi

Lead is a commonly found environmental toxic element that deteriorates health, especially that of children. Sixteen percent of daily intake of lead comes from foods, and 40% of that is due to adherence of dust on surfaces of foods during preparation. Low socioeconomical level and long-term malnutrition are the most important risk factors for lead contact in infant feeding. Decrease in calcium, iron, zinc and protein in the diet increases the gastrointestinal absorption of lead. Lead absorption can be decreased in children by adequate intake of calcium. Lead level in breast-milk is about ten percent of the blood lead level and it shows correlation with the blood lead level of the mother. Lead level in breast-milk of smoking mothers is twice that of non-smoking mothers. In order to decrease lead absorption, children should be fed with a diet rich in vitamin and minerals without skipping meals; milk and milk products enriched with calcium should be present in the diet and adequate iron should be included in the diet. It is necessary to follow-up the children at risk periodically and monitor blood lead levels regularly in order to develop early prevention strategies against lead intoxication

Analysis of amino acid neurotransmitters from rat and mouse spinal cords by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

PubMed ID: 25596498A RP-LC-FL detection method has been developed to identify and quantitate four amino acid neurotransmitters including glutamic acid, glycine, taurine and ?-aminobutyric acid in rat and mouse spinal cord tissue. 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde (CBQCA) was employed for the derivatization of these neurotransmitters prior to RP-LC-FL analysis. Different parameters which influenced separation and derivatization were optimized. Under optimum conditions, linearity was achieved within the concentration ranges of 0.50-50.00. ?M for all analytes with correlation coefficients from 0.9912 to 0.9997. The LODs ranged from 0.03. ?M to 0.06. ?M. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of amino acid neurotransmitters in biological samples such as rat and mouse spinal cord with satisfactory recoveries. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.Council for Higher Education Yükseköğretim KuruluThis work was supported by the Higher Education Council of Turkey (YOK)

Use of Expanded Reverse Sural Artery Flap in Lower Extremity Reconstruction

PubMed: 21724425Coverage of defects of the distal third portion of the leg and foot remains a challenge for surgeons. The difficulty results from the limited mobility and availability of the overlying skin, the weight-bearing requirements, and the relatively poor circulation of the skin. From January 2008 to December 2009, 10 patients had defects of the foot and ankle covered using the 2-stage expanded reverse sural flap. Of these 10 patients, 6 had at least 1 risk factor for compromised wound healing, such as diabetes mellitus, peripheral arterial disease, venous insufficiency, tobacco smoking, or age older than 40 years. Flap necrosis was observed in only 1 patient (10%). Venous congestion was noted in 2 patients (20%) by the third postoperative day, 1 of whom responded to postural elevation of the extremity and 1 to medicinal leech therapy. Although it is a 2-stage procedure that requires wound dressing during the expansion, we strongly suggest the use of the expanded reverse sural flap for defects too large to be primarily closed, especially in patients older than 40 years with risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, peripheral arterial disease, or venous insufficiency. © 2011 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons

Kırıkkale'de ilköğretimde okuyan çocuklarda kan kurşun düzeyleri

The aim of this study was to a determine the relation of blood lead levels socio-economical and nutrition status in primary school children in Kirikkale. Socio-economical and demographical information and blood were obtained. For the 533 children (7-16 years old) from four primary schools which were selected according to their distance from the factories which use lead. The mean blood lead levels of the children were found to be 2.54 ±1.44 ?g/dl (min 0 - max 6.5 ?g/dl). The mean blood lead levels in the schools close to the high-risk area were higher than those observed in the distant schools. It was observed that as the extent of malnutrition increased, the blood lead levels decreased. No significant relation was found between blood lead levels and socioeconomical status. The blood lead levels of the children in Kirikkale are within the accepted range considered to be normal. Children residing closer to the industrial areas are exposed to more lead more and therefore they should be followed up more closely and regularly

Transposition of the great arteries in a newborn whose mother was treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy [21]

PubMed: 17785243[No abstract available