INVESTIGATION OF THE REACTION TIMES OF 13-14 YEARS OLD VIDEO GAME PLAYERS AND RACKET ATHLETES

The aim of the presented research was to examine the reaction times of 13-14-years old racket athletes (RAs) (badminton, table tennis, court tennis) and video game players (VGPs). A total of 96 subjects (68 male, 28 female) participated voluntarily in the research. The mean age of the participants was 13.38± 0.74 years, body weight was 50.60 ±1.5 kilograms (kg), stature was 157.42 ± 13.12 centimeters (cm). The individuals who met the criterion of spending at least 10 hours a week by training / playing video games for at least 5 years were called as RAs / VGPs. RT against auditory and visual stimuli were recorded by using a MP36 device (Biopac System, USA). Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate whether continuous variables were normally distributed. Mann-Whitney U-test and Independent Samples “t” test were used for the comparisons of continuous variables between the groups. Pearson and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the correlations between the continuous variables. Statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. SPSS v.21 program was used for statistical analyzes. A statistically significant difference was determined in terms of audio-visual right hand RT (p<0.001) and audio-visual left hand RT (p<0.01) when compared values of VGPs to those of sedentary. However, no statistically significant difference was detected in the audio-visual right-left hand RT values of the VGPs compared to the RAs (p> 0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that the audio-visual hand RT values were similar for the VGPs and RAs.  Article visualizations

VIEWS OF FOREIGN STUDENTS LEARNING TURKISH ON TURKISH INSTRUCTORS

In language teaching, in addition to the curriculum, the use of equipment, the attitudes and views of the instructor/educators and students about one another have a significance of its own. In an attempt to identify and examine the students' views on Turkish instructors in the process of teaching Turkish as a foreign language, this study aimed to reveal the relationship between the views of foreign students learning Turkish in Turkey on their instructors, in terms of gender, age and education level by using the relational scanning design. The data were collected from a total of 415 students who came to the Turkish Teaching Implementation and Research Center (ULUTÖMER) of Bursa Uludağ University in order to learn Turkish in the spring semester of 2020-2021. A triple point questionnaire consisting of 39 items was utilized to identify the views of foreign students towards their instructors. The questionnaire consisted of items related to the interaction of the students with their instructors, the cultural sensitivity of the instructors, the classroom management aa well as the teaching skills of the instructors. Before the questionnaire items were applied, they were presented to the expert opinion and the questionnaire items were finalized in accordance with the feedback of the experts. Participants were informed about the study and the link of the            questionnaire form was shared with them. For the analysis of the data, a descriptive analysis was performed for the variables of age, gender and education level. The frequencies and percentages of the answers given by the participants to the questions were established and the χ2 (chi-square) test was carried out to identify whether there was a significant relationship between the responses of the participants in terms of gender, age and education level. Cramer's V coefficient was utilized to calculate the strength of the relationship between the variables in the chi-square test used. In the statistical analyzes used in the study, the level of significance was accepted as 0.05

A Comparative of Finger Tapping Test Scores Elite Athletes, Art, Foreign Languages and Computer- Instructional Technology Students

Fine motor skill is ability to control and coordinate the small muscles in the hand for precise movements. Fine motor skill have been associated with several other cognitive abilities, including processing speed executive functions and scholastic skills. Fine motor skill in the early years have also been shown to predict later academic achievement, especially in reading and mathematics and to predict underachievement in able students at school. In this aspect our objective in this study was to compare finger tapping test scores between students of art, foreign languages, computer-instructional technologies and elite athletes. A significant difference was found between elite athletes and all groups in finger tapping test scores. Elite athletes performed more finger taps than other groups in the same period. In conclusion, the more importance of fine motor skill in terms of sporting success also explains the difference of the finger tapping test performances between the groups. Keywords: education, motor skills, finger tapping, elite athlete

EXAMINATION OF THE FINGER TAPPING TEST AND MENTAL ROTATION ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL OF THE ORIENTEERING ATHLETES

The purpose of this study is to assess the cognitive skills and the audio visual perceptions of orienteering athletes and to research the relationship between these two. 17 male athletes, who have been playing orienteering sport for at least 2 years, whose average age is 16.3 ± 1.6 years, participated voluntarily in our study. Reaction time test, mental rotation tests were implemented to the participants on successive days, during the same time zone, and in a quiet environment favorable for testing. The "Finger Tapping Test” (FTT), in which the speed of consecutive motor movements was evaluated was implemented via a computer program and the athletes were asked to press the specified key consecutively for 20 seconds. The obtained data was recorded. In conclusion, it was determined that the random-interval audio visual reaction times are longer than the Fix-interval audio visual reaction times. It was concluded that each question was answered in 8.7 seconds on average during the mental rotation test implemented in the study; whereas it was discovered that the correct answer average was 9.8 in the MR test, which consists of 16 questions. When the answers given by the athletes to the test questions were examined, it was determined that 4 athletes, who answered each question approximately in 3 seconds and completed the test in under 1 minute, are not successful in terms of accuracy and duration. These results indicate that the mental rotation performances of the orienteering athletes are not at a good level.  Article visualizations

Multipl Risk Faktörü Olan Bir Hastada Endoluminal Bilateral Femoropopliteal Bypass

Bu olgu sunumunda protez mitral kapağı olan ve meme karsinomu nedeniyle mamoplasti operasyonu geçirmiş olan 66 yaşında bir bayan hastadaki bilateral femoropopliteal seviyede multipl kritik uzun segment stenozun endolüminal yöntem ile tedavisi anlatılarak bu yöntemin etkinliği tartışıldı

Acute effects of different types of exercises on insulin-like growth factor-1, homocysteine and cortisol levels in veteran athletes

This study aimed to investigate acute effects of table tennis(physical+cognitive exercise), aerobic running (physical exercise), and chess (cognitive exercise) exercise sessions of veteran male athletes in their branches on the serum homocysteine (Hcy), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and cortisol (Cor) levels. Thirty veteran athletes [10 table tennis players (TT), 10 long-distance runners (LR), 10 chess players (CP)] and 10 sedentary controls (SC) between 50 and 65 years of age participated in the study. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after exercise to determine serum Hcy, IGF-1, and Cor levels. According to their branch, each veteran athlete performed exercise sessions (70-75% of the participants' heart rate reserve) of 10-min of warm-up followed by 40-min of table tennis, aerobic running, or chess. TT and LR groups demonstrated significant increases in the serum IGF-1, Cor, and Hcy levels from pre to post-exercise (p0.05). LR group had a greater serum Cor increase than all exercise groups (p<0.05). The TT group showed significantly greater changes in serum Cor levels than the CP group (p<0.05). In conclusion, although a single bout of aerobic running and table tennis exercise induces a remarkable increase in all measured biomarkers, chess exercise only elicits an increase in Hcy levels. Although aerobic running is more effective in increasing Cor levels than other types of exercise, the current study's findings suggest that serum Hcy and IGF-1 levels in veteran male athletes are not affected by the type of exercise

Preoperative Anemia and Female Gender are Risk Factors for Transfusion in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting with a Restrictive Transfusion Strategy

Objective:Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in cardiac surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Even when using patient blood management methods, blood transfusions may still be needed in cardiac surgery. This study examined the risk factors for blood transfusion in isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with a restrictive transfusion strategy, along with individualized patient blood management.Methods:We enrolled 198 patients (age, 61.8 ± 9.9 years; 28 females and 170 males) who underwent isolated CABG surgery in a single private hospital using a restrictive transfusion strategy between April 2015 and October 2020. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative parameters were compared between patients with and without RBC transfusions. The risk factors for transfusion and transfusion probability were analyzed.Results:Patients who received RBC transfusions had higher European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation values (13.60 ± 18.27%). Preoperative hematocrit (Hct) [odds ratio (OR)=0.752; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.639-0.884; P=0.001] and female gender (OR=7.874; 95% CI 1.678-36.950; P=0.009) were significant independent risk factors for RBC transfusion in logistic regression analysis. When the preoperative Hct was 30%, the RBC transfusion probability was 61.08% in females and 16.6% in males. Patients who received RBC transfusions had longer intensive care unit (31.40 ± 25.42 hours) and hospital (11.18 ± 6.75 days) stays.Conclusion:Risk factors for RBC transfusion in isolated CABG surgery with a restrictive blood transfusion strategy were preoperative anemia and female gender

Cochlear implantation in inner ear malformations: Considerations related to surgical complications and communication skills

Introduction: There are particular challenges in the implantation of malformed cochleae, such as in cases of facial nerve anomalies, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, erroneous electrode insertion, or facial stimulation, and the outcomes may differ depending on the severity of the malformation. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of inner ear malformations (IEMs) on surgical complications and outcomes of cochlear implantation. Methods: In order to assess the impact of IEMs on cochlear implant (CI) outcomes, 2 groups of patients with similar epidemiological parameters were selected from among 863 patients. Both the study group (patients with an IEM) and control group (patients with a normal inner ear) included 25 patients who received a CI and completed at least 1 year of follow-up. Auditory performance, receptive and expressive language skills, and production and use of speech were evaluated preoperatively and at least 1 year after implantation. Types of surgical complications and rates of revision surgeries were determined in each group. Results: In the study group, the most common malformation was an isolated enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) (44.8%). Overall, the patients with IEMs showed significant improvement in auditory-verbal skills. In general, the patients who had normal cochleae scored significantly better compared to patients with IEMs (p < 0.05). The complication rate was significantly lower in the control group compared to the study group (p = 0.001), but the rate of revision surgeries did not differ significantly (p = 0.637). Conclusion: It is possible to improve communication skills with CIs in patients with IEMs despite the variations in postoperative performances. Patients with EVA, incomplete partition type 2, and cochlear hypoplasia type 2 were the best performers in terms of auditory-verbal skills. Patients with IEMs scored poorly compared to patients with normal cochleae. CSF leak (gusher or oozing) was the most common complication during surgery, which is highly likely in cases of incomplete partition type 3

Assessment the effect of diabetes education on self-care behaviors and glycemic control in the Turkey Nursing Diabetes Education Evaluating Project (TURNUDEP): a multi-center study

Background: Diabetes education in Turkey is provided by diabetes nurse educators in almost all healthcare organizations. However, the education is not standardized in terms of learning content, duration, and methods. This multi-center study was performed to assess the self-care behaviors and glycemic control following education provided to the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by diabetes nurse educators. Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study and included 1535 patients admitted to 28 public hospitals for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The education was assessed by using a Patient Identification Form and Self-care Scale. Results: The proportion of individuals who received diabetes education within the last year was 78.5%, with 46.7% of them having received it once. Of the patients, 84.8% reported that they received diabetes education individually. It was found that the proportion of individuals who received education about oral antidiabetics (78.5%) and glucose testing at home (78.5%) was higher than the proportion of individuals who received education about exercise (58.8%) and foot care (61.6%). The status of diabetes education, education intervals, and the correlation of the education method with self-care and glycemic control was evaluated. Self-care and glycemic control levels were better among the patients who received diabetes education thrice or more and in patients who received education both individually and in a group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Approximately three-quarters of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus received education by diabetes nurse educators in Turkey. Diabetes education is positively correlated with self-care and glycemic control levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Efforts for generalization and standardized education for all diabetes patients are necessary. © 2022, The Author(s)