Coffee houses from past to present, the place and importance of coffee houses in social life: Aydın example

Türk kültürünün simgesi haline gelmiş bir içecek olan kahve özellikle bayramlarda ya da kız isteme törenlerinde bu simgesel yönünü belirgin olarak göstermektedir. Kahvenin geniş bir tabanda rağbet görmesiyle de insanlar bu içecek etrafında `sosyalleşmeye başlamış' ve 16. yüzyılda toplumsal bir kurum olarak kahvehanelerin ilk örnekleri yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. İlk açıldığı zamanlar kahve içilen yer olmasıyla bir tüketim mekânı olan kahvehaneler zaman içerisinde toplumsal gereksinimlerin karşılandığı yerler haline dönüşerek sohbet, eğlenme, dinlenme, haberleşme ve bilgilenme mekânı olarak birçok işleve aracılık etmiştir. Toplumsal yapıyla bütünleşen kahvehaneler, tarihte görüldüğü üzere siyasî ve dinî anlamda en çok tartışılan ve hakkında çeşitli fetvalar çıkartılan bir kurumdur. Buna rağmen varlığını koruması kahvehanelerin bir araştırma konusu olma yönünden çekiciliğini ve önemini arttırmaktadır. Geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de Türkiye'nin geleneksel kurumlarından biri olan kahvehaneler, sosyal yaşamda hâlâ önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu yüzden çalışma kahvehaneleri hem artsüremli hem de sosyolojik açıdan incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Önemli bir vurgu da kahvehanelerin kitlelerin eğitimi açısından önemli bir kamusal alan olduğu düşüncesidir.Cofee, the ritualistic and symbolic beverage of Turkısh culture and social life, exhibit its social characteristics, especially during marriage ceremonies and İslamic religious holidays. The fact that coffee has become sociallay significant has led the first coffe house to be established in the 16th century. From a cultural and social standpoint, coffe houses serve as centers of social interaction, providing the people with a medium to talk, make politicial discussion, communicate with each other, entertain, play backgammon and chess. Integratıng with social structure, the coffe houses are one of the most socially and religiously discussable institutions that remain speculative. However, the fact that coffe houses maintain their existence increases their attraction of being a topic of research Today, coffee houses are one of the traditional place of Turkey like in the past and still have very important place in social life. So, the present study is aimed at examining the coffee houses from both diachronic and sociological view. It is also important to emphasize that coffee houses should cbe considered an important public sphere for mass education

Effects of Films and Television Dramas on Destination Image

The aim of this study is bring up the effects of films and television dramas on destination image. Image is a picture and a imagery which ia about destination and also image affects the purchase decision making. The population of the study contains domestic tourists who visited Mardin. The result of the study suggests that there is a substantive relationship between destination images and films and television dramas

The Impact of Promotion Activities on Touristic Area Selection: A Case Study of Japanese Tourists Visiting Cappadocia

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of promotion activities on destination selection and to determine the level of the impact of promotion activities on Japanese tourists visiting Cappadocia region. The target population of the study is all Japanese tourists visiting Nevsehir province of Turkey. The sample of the study is composed of tourists visiting the city center and some districts of Nevsehir. After getting the required permissions, the questionnaires were distributed to Japanese tourists while they were staying at the hotels in Cappadocia. The software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicate that the Japanese tourists visiting Cappadocia were influenced at a certain level from the promotion activities. As a result, it was determined that the promotion activities have a significant impact on destinations. It was also determined that as the importance given to the promotion activities increase, both the familiarity of the destinations and the tourist arrivals could increase

Investigation of temporomandibular disorders in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: A case-control study

Introduction: The aim of this study is to compare the frequency of temporomandibular disorders and to examine the temporomandibular pain and functionality levels between healthy female participants and female patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Materials and methods: Our study included 300 participants. Patients were evaluated according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: Assessment Instruments (DC/TMD). While evaluating the patients using DC/TMD, TMD Pain Screener and Symptom questionnaire were used within the scope of Axis I, and Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-8 (JFLS-8), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) and Oral Behaviors Checklist were applied. Results: Bruxism, tooth grinding and masseter hypertrophy were found to be significantly higher in fibromyalgia patients compared to healthy volunteers (p<0.001). The pain screener, JFLS-8, PHQ-4 and OBC scores and GCPS levels were found to be increased in the fibromyalgia group compared to healthy individuals (p<0.001). Considering the post-examination diagnoses of the participants, the diagnoses of myalgia (p=0.022) and disc displacement with reduction (p<0.001) were significantly higher than healthy individuals. Conclusions: Fibromyalgia is a common pathology, therefore, TMD symptoms, which are more difficult to diagnose and often missed, should be questioned in fibromyalgia patients and should be kept in mind in the management of fibromyalgia patients. © 2022 Elsevier Masson SA

Investigation of the relationship between probable sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and temporomandibular disorders using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD)

Background. The causal relationship between bruxism and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is not clear.Objectives. The present study investigated which TMD are associated with probable sleep bruxism (SB) and awake bruxism (AB) according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). The study further evaluated the association between probable SB and AB and TMD. Material and methods. A total of 143 patients were selected - bruxers (SB and AB) and non-bruxers. A diagnosis of probable bruxism was made after a physical examination and when the symptoms were detected. The patients were evaluated using DC/TMD. From among Axis I assessment instruments, the TMD Pain Screener, the Symptom Questionnaire and the Clinical Examination Form were used. Moreover, the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) (v. 2), the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-8 (JFLS-8), the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), and the Oral Behaviors Checklist (OBC) were applied within the scope of Axis II. Results. Diagnoses of muscle disorders and disk displacement with reduction were significantly more frequent in the SB and AB groups than in non-bruxers. A diagnosis of arthralgia was significantly more prevalent in the AB group than in non-bruxers. The JFLS-8 scores and the TMD Pain Screener scores were higher in the AB group than in the SB group and in non-bruxers. Distress levels, and the GCPS and OBC scores were higher in the SB and AB groups as compared to non-bruxers. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that only the OBC score was significantly higher in the TMD subgroup (OR (odds ratio) = 1.228; 95% CI (confidence interval): 1.014-1.488).Conclusions. Both SB and AB were associated with pain-related TMD and intra-articular joint disorders. The muscle disorders and disk displacement with reduction subtypes were associated with SB and AB. Unlike SB, AB was also associated with arthralgia. Bruxers (both SB and AB) displayed parafunctional habits. However, AB was associated with greater functional limitation of the jaw as compared to SB

The views of tourism management teacher program students on the five step learning strategy: The example of the national and regional planning tourism course

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to determine the views of the students enrolled in the Tourism Management Teacher Program on the Five Step Learning Strategy (FSLS).One-shot case study design was used in the study. The population of the study consisted of the students enrolled in the Tourism Management Teacher Program in the Educational Faculty of Commerce and Tourism, the Department of Tourism Management at Gazi University, who were taking the course on National and Regional Planning in Tourism.The data was collected using the Five Step Learning Strategy Scale (FSLSS). Descriptive statistical formulas were used in data analysis.It was observed that the views of the students about FSLS mainly consisted of “I agree” and “I strongly agree” options. It was concluded that FSLS can contribute to the effective learning of a subject

Contact Angle Measurement of Magnesite Mineral in Alkaline pH by Using the Simple Bubble Attachment Method

Contact angle is one of the most important parameters for the flotation process. Researchers have performed many experiments and used many different methods to determine the contact angle. In this present study, simple bubble attachment method (SBA), which was firstly utilized by Hunning and Rutter (1989), was used to determine the contact angle of magnesite mineral in the presence of various amount of collector such as oleic acid, R801, R845, sodium dodecyl sulphate and sodium oleat. According to the results of SBA, the highest degree of contact angle was obtained as 82ᵒ at the presence of oleic acid. The results of the study show that SBA method seems like a cheap and beneficial method for contact angle measurement

The Establishment Period of Babur Empire in India: Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur

Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur was born in Ferghana on February 14, 1483. Babur was a descendant of the Turkish commander Timur. After the death of his father Omar Shaikh Mirza, he inherited the throne at the age of 11. His greatest zeal was to rule Samarkand. He fought many battles in the pursuit of this target, and won and lost his control many times in this process. Babur conquered Kabul in 1504, then he made it the centre of his kingdom. Due to the defeat of Shah Ismail by Selim I in the Battle of Chaldiran, he lost power in Central Asia and began raids into India. Following his crucial victories over the Afghans and Hindus in the Battle of Panipat (1526) and Khanwa (1527), Babur restored the Turkish dominance and established the Babur Empire in India